Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Body Mass and Fat Percentage in Children Training Judo Compared to Their Non-training Peers","authors":"Grzegorz Lech, Janusz Jaworski, Michał Żak, Katarzyna Szczepanik, Ewelina Kołodziej","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.8206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8206","url":null,"abstract":"Study aim: Judo training leads to an increase in the muscle mass of athletes. The consequence of this is a high level of body mass index (BMI). At the same time, the body’s fat percentage is reduced. This phenomenon has been well-described in older age groups. However, body build and composition parameters of the youngest judokas are still unclear. The aim of the study was to answer the following questions: Do the training and recruitment of athletes influence body build and composition in the studied groups? Are BMI and body fat percentage differentiated between children and younger children? Are body build and composition in studied group related to competitive experience and level of achievement in competitions? Basic procedures: The study group consisted of 21 judokas aged 11 to 12 years (younger children) and 71 non-training peers, as well as18 judokas aged 13 to 14 years (children) and 44 of their non-training peers. Body mass and composition were determined using the Tanita TBF-551 body composition analyser. Examination of the judokas was conducted during regional championships. Results and main findings: In the younger age group, significantly higher BMI and body fat percentage were observed in the group of non-training peers (20.5 and 22.2%; in judokas: 18.2 and 17.6%, respectively). In children, significant differences were observed only in body fat percentage. Its value was lower in judokas and amounted to 16.2% (in non-athlete peers: 20.1%). Comparison of body build and composition between judo athletes in the examined age groups revealed significant differences in the case of BMI. The value of this index in children was 20.5, which was significantly higher than in the younger children (17.6). No correlations of body build and composition with competitive experience and level of achievement in competitions were found in the studied groups. Conclusions: A 4-year training experience is a significant factor in the development of judo-specific body build and composition. However, their indices are not related to the level of achievement in the youngest age groups.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123987294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coping with Stress and Sense of Efficacy, as well as Satisfaction with Life in Young Athletes - a Pilot Study","authors":"Joanna Basiaga-pasternak, Aneta Cichosz-Dziadura","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.8205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8205","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In research on styles of coping with stress conducted among athletes has demonstrated various variables determining these styles, e.g. age [1], gender [2], and styles of thinking [3]. Factors responsible for effective coping with difficult situations are sought, and consequently, greater satisfaction with life. In the presented report, it was recognised that one of the variables related to effective coping and thus, with life satisfaction, is self-efficacy. Aim of research: In this work, it was decided to establish relationships between styles of coping with stress by athletes, their sense of self-efficacy and overall satisfaction with life, as well as the type of difficult situations experienced by them. Group and method: The study comprised 40 participants, 14 women and 26 men practicing sports, 1st-year students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports. The mean age was 20.43±1.22 years. Of the subjects, 25 people practiced individual disciplines, while 15 team sports. The questionnaire “Perception of difficult situations by adolescents in sport”, the Generalised Self-Efficacy Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Coping In Stressful Situations Questionnaire were used. Results: The results showed a relationship between life satisfaction and the task-oriented style of coping with stress (positive correlation) as well as the emotional style of coping with stress, engaging in substitute activities, and stressful situations - except those related to academic stress (negative correlation); self-efficacy and the task-oriented (positive correlation) and emotional style of coping with stress (negative correlation) and sense of self-efficacy and satisfaction with life (positive correlation). Conclusion: There is a relationship between the styles of coping with stress and the level of satisfaction with life as well as the level of self-efficacy among individuals practicing sports.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125688609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological Model of Physical Activity Determinants for Children and Adolescents in Poland Compared to Global Research - Part 1","authors":"E. Mleczko, R. Malina, E. Cieśla, E. Szymańska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.1271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1271","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of research. 1. Presenting the position taken by Poland in the international Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance (AHKGA) ranking of the potential physical activity determinants among children and adolescents aged 10-18. 2. Evaluating the implementation of the ecological model of physical activity according to international criteria. 3. Assessing the effectiveness of implementing the ecological model of physical activity in the world, taking the criteria of its functioning into account. Research methods. In obtaining materials and analysing them, the following methods were used in our research: non-reactive research (research and secondary analysis). In accordance with the methodology of social sciences, in non-reactive research, 2 techniques were used: desk research and content analysis). Research results. The physical activity/behaviour of Polish children can be considered average compared to their peers living in various parts of the world. This means that only a small percentage of children in Poland meet the WHO recommendations for daily physical activity (at a combined moderate and vigorous level) in order to counteract the negative effects of a sedentary lifestyle. The best performing area in this respect is school, where activities are focused on improving school infrastructure and physical education classes. There are no representative studies regarding the physical activity of children under the age of 9, and there is a complete lack of scientific analyses in the area of active play. The evidence for a change concerning the methodological paradigm in the approach to building a model of physical activity determinants is the already widespread use of the ecological model, proposed by Sallis et al. in 2002. Conclusions: The conclusions proposed the experts regarding the first Polish Charter of Physical Activity for Children and Youth indicate a need to disseminate activities supporting physical activity and to undertake constant monitoring of changes taking place in the areas of individual domains of the ecological model of physical activity determinants.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122109063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiaspective diagnostics of training loads as well as biomechanical parameters and blood indices among leadingelite race walkers preparing for participation in the olympics","authors":"E. Mleczko, W. Mirek, Z. Dạbrowski, B. Frączek, Wanda Forczek-Karkosz, G. Sudoł, Joanna Gradek","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.5535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.5535","url":null,"abstract":"Research problem: In the narrative review in the introductory chapter of this study, it was shown that there are no scientific methods or tools for researching the Functional Overreaching (FOR) state limit, which determines the occurrence of the phenomenon of Non-functional Overreaching (NFOR) and the overtraining syndrome - OTS. Research objective: In principle, this research was conducted to provide evidence of the possibility of developing, implementing and controlling such a programme for preparation to participate in the Olympic Games of champions among athletes in race walking, which will guarantee that the applied training load does not cause a state of non-functional overload. Material and methods: Six walkers took part in the research, presenting the level of the international and national master class at 20 and 50 km. They were all medallists of the Polish championship. Three of them have already participated in the Olympic Games, one was a medallist at the European and World Championships. In selected periods of the developed annual training plan, measurements in variability of walking speed at the level of the anaerobic threshold (starting speed) were carried out using the pitch test. The observation of the sports training process was supplemented with a multifaceted observation of the effects of overreaching training (ORT), which included the following measurements: 1. somatic features and anthropometric indices; 2. haematological parameters of the blood and non-enzymatic antioxidant factor, glutathione (GSH), vitamin D3, and blood serum concentrations: pro-inflammatory cytokines -IL1β and IL-6, markers of oxidative stress, TAC, alpha- and gamma-TOC, proteins: Aponectin and Zonulin; 3. electromyographic (EMG) recording in the field and laboratory conditions and the work of the lower-limb muscles during the gait test with a gradual increase in its speed. Systematic monitoring of the nutritional status of walkers throughout the training cycle was performed and, on this basis, the following were established: a) principles of a rational diet and individual nutritional recommendations; b) dietary recommendations during the period of training and biological regeneration; c) individual strategies of dietary supplementation aimed at supporting immunity. Research results: Results of research have been presented in each segment of the study. Using the system-functional discourse method, they are discussed, interpreted and justified to assess the induction of beneficial skeletal muscle adaptation, ranging from increased endurance due to mitochondrial biogenesis and angiogenesis, to increased strength due to myocyte hypertrophy. Frequently encountered forms of application were: narration, description and argumentation. Conclusions: 1) The developed model of sports training for race walkers, as well as the proposed system of control and monitoring adaptation processes to physical effort can be considered as a reference point for development, for ","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127505895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Functional Movement Screen test as a tool for functional evaluation of movement patterns in long-distance runners","authors":"Iwona Sulowska-Daszyk, A. Skiba","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.8253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8253","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the results achieved in the Functional Movement Screen test and various aspects of training as well as injury history in long-distance runners. Basic procedures: The study involved 30 long-distance runners aged 20 to 45 years, training regularly from two to seven days a week and covering a total distance from 10 to 100 km. The subjects completed a questionnaire containing queries about training and past injuries. The Functional Movement Screen test was used to assess the quality of movement patterns. Results: The mean total score in the FMS test was 16.03 points. Results within the range from 18 to 21 points were achieved by 6 subjects, 3 of the subjects suffering injuries in the past. Results in the range from 14 to 17 points were obtained by22 subjects, 14 subjects having a history of injury. Ascore below 14 points was reachedby 2 subjects, both of them suffering injuries in the past. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that a lower FMS score is associated with a greater number of injuries in the past. Warming up before training is a good way to prevent injury, while stretching after training does not seem reduce the incidence of injury.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"11 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120911104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Significance of Selected Tests Characterizing Motor Potential in Achieving High Results in Speed Climbing","authors":"M. Krawczyk, M. Ozimek, R. Rokowski, M. Pociecha, P. Draga","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.8430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8430","url":null,"abstract":"Study aim. The main aim of research was to verify which of the countermovement jumps (CMJ) provides the most accurate information on the possibility of obtaining the best result in a climbing run and to assess the coexistence (correlation) of the running result as well as the reaction time to an auditory signal. Material and methods. The study was conducted among a group of male climbers at the average age of 20.5 years (n=6). At the time of the measurements, the competitors presented the highest sports level and were members of the Polish National Team in the speed climbing competition. Somatic measurements were carried out successively, followed by measurements of simple reaction time and various jumps. Results. Correlations between the studied variables characteristic of somatic features as well as motor skills with climbing time were, in most cases, not significant. Statistically significant correlations at the level of p<0.05 were found between running time and the following trials: CMJb (cm) (rx,y: -0.88); PmaxCMJb (W/kg) (rx,y: -0.88) and PmaxCMJb (W/LBMkg) (rx,y: -0.86). Conclusions. CMJ without arm swing is a valuable tool in assessing the motor potential of a sprinting climber and is a test of great informative value in the context of the possibility to obtain high results in a speed climbing competition. The applied test to assess the level of response time to the auditory signal was a trial, which to a moderate extent, allows to diagnose the possibility of achieving high results in a speed climbing sprint.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124365606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity as a protective factor for successful aging","authors":"A. Jopkiewicz, Monika Królicka–Czerniak, Anita Zaręba","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.3310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3310","url":null,"abstract":"To divide the types of aging (successful, usual and impaired), as well as factors affecting this process, the protective role of physical activity was discussed in the literature. It was emphasized that physical activity is also a very important protective factor for cognitive aging - mainly executive function and memory. The prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, i.e. the regions of the brain responsible for the control and course of cognitive processes, show susceptibility to stimulation, which is movement exercises, which are prevention of degenerative changes within the brain.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116715198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the functional efficiency level among handball players (15–16- y.o.) from the West Pomeranian Voivodeship","authors":"Danuta Umiastowska, U. Domańska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.7804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7804","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Handball is a discipline categorised by high intensity of direct opponent contact, which upturns the risk of injuries. Contemporary sports therapy puts a lot of pressure on injury prevention in competitive sports. The key issue is prophylaxis, used to reduce the possibility of injury or the causing factors. An important element of prophylaxis is comprehensive functional physiotherapeutic assessment, which allows for early detection of asymmetry, assessment of the probability of injury and the implementation of proper corrective techniques. One of the tools used for athlete’s comprehensive functional assessment is the Functional Movement Screen test. \u0000Aim. A comparison of correct movement patterns among 15-16-year-old handball players from the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in 2016-2018 and definition of changes on the of functional fitness level supported by implemented corrective exercises. \u0000Materials and methods. The research material was of a group of 60 girls and 60 boys (15-16-y.o. amateur handball players). The research was carried out during the autumn meetings of the provincial cadre. The Functional Movement Screen test and the questionnaire were used for the study. \u0000Results. In the group of girls during the 2016–2018 period, there was a regress of 2.18 points noticed, whereas in the group of boys, this equalled 3.53 points. Considering the results of the FMS test, corrective exercises were introduced. After the 6-month correction period,progress of 1.18 points was noticed in the group of girls and 1.80 points in the boys’ group. \u0000Conclusions. 1. In the period of 2016–2018, weaker and slower results of tests assessing correct movement patterns were observed among girls and boys, which is obviously an indicator of high injury risk. 2. Implementation of corrective exercises in the training of handball players resulted in an increase of functional efficiency among the examined players.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132158822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical fitness, balance and falls in older adults","authors":"V. Loureiro, Margarida Gomes, Joanna Gradek","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.7802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7802","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In The second leading worldwide cause of deaths regards accidental injury and concern individuals aged 65 or above. Falls are preventable, but the consequences of falls can lead to injuries and result in loss of independence. The present study aims to analyse the relationships between risk of fall, physical activity level (PA level) and physical fitness among elderly practitioners of physical exercise interventions. \u0000Basic procedures. The data were collected through a demographic questionnaire; history of falls; PA level and physical fitness. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM® SPSS®, version 24.0 for Windows (p≤0.05). \u0000Main findings. Sixty-two seniors participated in the study. These subjects took part in physical exercise programmes from the community of Beja, Portugal (females: n=48; 77.4%), with an average age of 73.27±5.45 years.\u0000Results. It was found that elderly people with lower levels of strength, balance and cardiorespiratory fitness are at a higher risk of falls (p<0.05). There were no relationships between the risk of falls and the PA level. \u0000Conclusions. The results highlight the need for more specific research about strength and balance interventions in older adults that report falls, in particular, the identification of intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors to prevent falls.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116421802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between chest mobility and angle of spinal curvateres in the saggital plane","authors":"Marta A. Bibro, Łucja Laskowska, Anita Ziemba, A. Jankowicz-Szymańska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.3309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3309","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Faulty body postures is a significant problem affecting the reduction of quality of health and life in every age group. Currently, more and more attention is paid to the importance of respiratory muscles, and above all the diaphragm in stabilizing posture. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between selected features of the position of the torso and chest mobility.\u0000Basic procedures: 33 young adults were included in the study. Body weight and height were measured, BMI was calculated and body weight status was determined. The chest circumferences at rest, maximum inspiration and maximum exhalation at three heights was measured. Three-dimensional torso settings were evaluated using the Zebris Pointer Ulrtrasound System. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis.\u0000Results: The majority of examined women had normal body weight, while excessive body weight occurred in nearly 1/3 of men. The most significant difference in the position of the torso was the greater depth of lumbar lordosis in women. A significant correlation was found between the lumbar spine position and the chest circumferences. The results indicate a decrease in chest mobility along with an increase in the depth of lumbar lordosis.\u0000Conclusions: Respiratory kinesitherapy should be an important part of the process of correction of spinal shape in sagittal plane.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"267 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133824645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}