Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Quality of diet, health behaviours, and level of physical activity in physical education students from Poland and Spain","authors":"M. Gacek, Grażyna Kosiba, A. Wojtowicz","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.7564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.7564","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyse the relationships of healthy diet indices (pHDI-10 and nHDI-14) with the level of physical activity and health behaviours among Polish and Spanish physical education students. Material and methods: Research was conducted among 499 students (219 from Poland and 280 from Spain). Three standardised research tools were used: the Dietary Habits and Nutrition Beliefs Questionnaire (Kom-PAN), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and the Health Behaviour Inventory (HBI) by Z. Juczyński. Pearson’s r correlation coefficient and moderation analysis using IBM SPSS 21 software were used to determine relationships between variables. The level of significance was set at p = 0.05. Results: In the group of students studied, the healthy diet index (pHDI-10) evaluated on a scale of 0 to 100 was 23.23 points, while the unhealthy diet index (nHDI-14) was 14.47 points. Among the categories of health behaviours, students obtained the highest scores for a positive mental attitude, whereas among the domains of physical activity – for vigorous exercise. The analysis demonstrated a significant positive relationship between the pHDI-10 index and moderate physical activity (p = 0.038), and between the nHDI-14 index and walking (p < 0.001). Along with the increase in the pHDI-10 index, an increase was found in the level of preventive behaviours (p = 0.001), proper eating habits (p < 0.001), and the general index of health behaviours (p < 0.001). Significant negative correlations were found between the nHDI-14 and: the level of positive mental attitudes (p < 0.001), preventive behaviours (p = 0.010), proper eating habits, health practices, and the general index of health behaviours (p < 0.001). An increase in the healthy diet index along with a decrease in the general index of health behaviours (HBI Total) was also noted, but only in Polish students (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Low levels of healthy (pHDI-10) and unhealthy diet (nHDI-14) indices, a high level of physical activity, differentiation of individual categories of health behaviours, significant relationships between healthy diet indices, and the level of certain domains of physical activity and health behaviours were demonstrated. A moderate effect of the country of residence on some relationships was also found.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122034342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A short reflection of anthropomotorics on the introduction of a new psychological determinant of motor behaviour: the metacognitive self – to Antropomotoryka. Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","authors":"E. Mleczko","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.7319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.7319","url":null,"abstract":"Material and methods. Unobtrusive research, content analysis, narrative review.\u0000Aim: The purpose of the research is: presentation of an opinion on a matter undertaken for the first time in Anthromotorics. Journal of Kinesiologu and Exercise Sciences of metacognitive problems and the recommendation of a new Australian questionnaire for the study of metacognitive problems in sport\u0000Material and methods. Unobtrusive research, content analysis, narrative review.\u0000Results. The metacognitive theory in this area of sport is still in its infancy. In scientific research around the world, it has been used to a small extent for interpretation only with regard to selected problems in competitive sports. The effectiveness of research is influenced by the lack of appropriate tools to solve metacognitive problems in sport. The work published in Antropomotoryka, which is based on the Polish concept of the Metacognitive self, can be considered a more significant contribution to the issues of sports training.\u0000Conclusions. Attention should be paid to the development of issues concerning active people’s behaviour with the use of metacognitive concepts for the new Australian tool: “Development and validation of the metacognitive beliefs about performances questionnaire”.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125068317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between video-analysed running technique and the lower limb injuries in long-distance runners","authors":"Agnieszka Trybała, Iwona Sulowska-Daszyk, G. Glab","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.7300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.7300","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The main goal of this study was to determine the correlation between running pattern and the lower limb injuries in long-distance runners.\u0000Materials and methods: The study comprised 23 long-distance runners (7 women, 16 men). The research used a questionnaire and video-analysis of running technique on a treadmill. The running on the treadmill was recorded from 3 views. Recordings were assessed in slow-motion. The following features were assessed: a foot strike pattern, a tibia angle at loading response, the maximum knee flexion angle during the stance phase, the maximum hip extension during the late stance phase, the maximum heel eversion angle, the distance between the knees and the pelvic drop angle. The subjects were divided into two groups – without previous trauma and with a history of previous trauma of a particular part of the lower limb.\u0000Results: The studies revealed two correlations. Firstly, in the group without a previous knee joint injury, there were significantly more people with a correct ankle-calcaneus eversion when compared to the group with a previous knee joint injury. Secondly, in the group without a hip joint injury, there were significantly more people with a correct hip extension than in the group with a previous hip joint injury. Moreover, it was shown that the correct position of tibia was strongly correlated with a correct foot positioning pattern.\u0000Conclusions: Previous knee joint injury may have influence on the enlarged ankle-calcaneus eversion. Having suffered a hip joint injury may limit the extension of a hip joint, thus affecting the running technique. It is necessary to continue research on a larger study group and with more precise research methods such as using 3- instead of 2-dimensional motion analysis.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121686198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family socio-economic status vs physical activity level of Cracow High School Students","authors":"Adam Jurczak, Karol Gőrner, Robert Makuch, M. Ozimek","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.7301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.7301","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Physical activity is an important factor necessary for the proper course of the developmental process in children and adolescents. The aim of the paper is to analyze the relations between selected indicators of family socio-economic status and the engagement in physical activity in the group of high school students from Cracow. Material and methods: The study involved 1,219 high school students (742 girls and 477 boys). The HBSC Family Affluence Scale and original questionnaires prepared by the researchers were used to evaluate the parent’s education level and adolescent’s physical activity. Statistical analysis involved the Pearson’s chi2 test, Kendall’s tau coefficient and Mann-Whitney U test using Statistica 10.0 PL software. Test probability of p0.05 was regarded as significant, and p0.01 and p0.001, as highly significant. Results: Statistically significant correlations were proven between indicators of the family socio-economic status and the level of physical activity among high school students. A significantly higher proportion of girls from families with highly educated parents engaged in physical activity 4-7 times a week than girls from families where parents had lower education (22.64% vs 9.93%; p<0.05). Moreover, youth from families with high financial resources significantly more often (p<0.001, in the case of boys, p<0.01) declared higher physical activity than those from families with low financial resources. Conclusions: The study demonstrated a predictive role of indicators of the family socio-economic situation with regard to the degree of physical activity taken by high school students. It proved that students from families with higher socio-economic statuses displayed a higher level of physical activity.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"226 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115743390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of big-city smog and pollution on a pitch with artificial turf on the body’s reaction during physical efforts (on the example of female football player training)","authors":"H. Duda, T. Ambroży, Łukasz Rydzik, Kinga Michnik, Mateusz Kaczor","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.7316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.7316","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. For health-promoting purposes, in terms of optimal human development, physical activity plays an essential role in efficient functioning of the body, but it is important for physical development that this activity takes place in good weather conditions, especially when it comes to clean air. Unfortunately, the problem with smog nowadays occurs almost everywhere, especially in large cities, where poor air conditions are often combined with the development of agglomerations (Duda et al. 2020). The level of smog may also increase in the event of greater air pollution, and such a state can often be seen on sports pitches with artificial turfs (Kmak 2016) Objective. The aim of the study was to identify the human body’s response to physical effort, taking the degree of air pollution related to smog into account. This reaction was also evaluted in conditions of activity on an artificial football pitch, where the concentration of particulate air pollution on the area is greater due to the release of dust from abrasive granules present on the grass of artificial football pitches. Research material and methods. The study was conducted among 20 women recreationally training football. The average age of the participants was 22.5 years. Continuous research in the years 2019-2021 was carried out during programme training in football on an artificial football pitch at a sports facility in Kraków. The body’s reaction (resting and exercise heart rate) was tested with a sportester in conditions of smog and clean air (Samsung AX60R5080WD/EU air pollution metres, Air Visual Pro). Results and conclusions. The test results allowed to state that the contamination level of the pitch has impact on the body’s reaction (higher HR value). It has also been observed that artificial pitches, due to the abrasion of granules, are characterised by greater particulate air pollution.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128245698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerobic endurance levels as model control tools for individual prototypical training progres among algerian soccer players","authors":"M. Zerf, M. Mokhtar, Mohammed Hadjar Kherfane, B. Adel, Wahib Beboucha","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.7318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.7318","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Exercise protocols applied to effectively reduce body fat among overweight individuals are required to improve aerobic fitness obligatory for any sports practice.\u0000Aim. In this study, the impact of maximal oxygen consumption VO2max levels was assessed regarding formative recommendations as an individual control tool used in the training progress of Algerian soccer players\u0000Materials and Methods. The study comprised 148 well-trained, first division soccer players below the age of 18. The players were evaluated using the Yo-Yo test as a valid field test to evaluate both physiological functions (aerobic and anaerobic), allied to simulate soccer-specific player performance levels. Anthropometric characteristics, such as Body mass index BMI, Body Fat Percentage BFP and weight loss were also assessed, based on bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) technology. This was reflected in similarities as valuable anthropometric measurements to control changes in the players’ body, relative to maximal oxygen\u0000consumption during dynamic exercise with large muscle groups. Performance in this case was assessed from the formula of the Yo-Yo test to validate the hypothesis that VO2max 60 ml/kg/min is the minimum fitness challenge for male soccer players to play at a European elite level. Via soccer match analysis, it was noted that an average oxygen uptake of approximately70% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) during a match for elite soccer players is required. The study groups were divided into 2 samples to carry out the research protocol (below and above the VO2max ± 60 ml/kg/min threshold).\u0000Results and Conclusions. Based on statistics applied and the strategy used, our results revealed the VO2max of up to 60 ml/kg/min was an optimal preventive weight loss programme for the players, resulting not only from the advantageous Algerian players’ physiological training status levels, but also through their athletic body and performance.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115187081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metacognitive self as an important attribute of an athlete","authors":"Natalia Serafin","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.7317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.7317","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The Metacognitive Self is a psychological construct that allows for an accurate diagnosis of adaptive psychological characteristics in behaviour.\u0000Aim. The aim of the study was to control level of the Metacognitive Self in kickboxing elite athletes.\u0000Research Material and Methods. The study comprised 60 adult men who had been training kickboxing for at least 5 years. All the subjects actively participated in championship competitions.\u0000Results. The results indicate that the participants obtained above average results in the Metacognitive Self.\u0000Conclusions. The obtained results encourage the exploration of the subject of the Metacognitive Self in the field of sports psychology.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134089894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consuming Selected Groups of Products Among Polish and Spanish Physical Education Students Within the Context of the Assumptions Proposed by the Mediterranean Diet","authors":"M. Gacek, Grażyna Kosiba, A. Wojtowicz, Jacek Szalewski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.8204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8204","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Nutritional behaviour is determined by individual and environmental factors. Aim: The aim of the study was to analyse the frequency of consuming selected groups of food products within the context of the recommendations proposed by the Mediterranean diet model, depending on the country of residence: Polish vs. Spanish physical education students. Material and methods: Research was carried out among 219 Polish and 280 Spanish students, using the standardised Kom-PAN questionnaire. In the statistical analysis, the chi-square test was used, at the α=0.05 level of statistical significance. Results: Nutritional mistakes of the general population were related to the low frequency of consuming: fruit, vegetables, wholemeal bread and other whole grains, fermented dairy products and vegetable oils, and the relatively frequent consumption of red meat, processed meat products and confectionery. Among the Polish students, significantly more frequent consumption of some products recommended in the Mediterranean diet (fruit, vegetables and wholegrain cereal products) as well as poultry meat was noted, but also more frequent consumption of sweets and confectionery products (p<0.001). The Spanish students significantly more often consumed the recommended dishes with legume seeds and sea fish (p<0.001), but also non-recommended products - red meat and fast food (p<0.01). Conclusions: Among Polish and Spanish physical education students, the assumptions of the Mediterranean diet were implemented to a limit extent, while depending on the country of residence, their differentiation was demonstrated.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116718283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of football players' actions in individual risky situations of offensive play as a model determinant of a sports game","authors":"H. Duda","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.8208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8208","url":null,"abstract":"The essence of effective training in a sports game is the use of means and forms of teaching in the organisation of a game, which most faithfully reflect the environment of the player's actual activity in natural conditions. Thus, there is a need to accurately identify the conditions of competition in a sports game. One of the types of such activities is observation, which being an elementary method of cognition, based on deliberate, targeted and intended as well as systematic perception of the studied subject, process or phenomenon. Research objective and questions The aim of the work is to assess the level of absolutely dependent cooperation (synergy) during a team sports game in changing game situations, in achieving the highest offensive objective, i.e. scoring a goal. - Is the effectiveness of achieving the highest objective of the game in offensive actions (i.e. scoring a goal) dependent on the level of player synergy? - Is the size of the conflict in the sports objective of the game dependent on creative player involvement? Material and test method - In the work, detailed observation was carried out with regard to players' actions in achieving the highest objective of the game, i.e. scoring a goal. The observation concerned analysis of 134 goals scored in 61 UEFA Champions League and European League football matches in 2009-2020. - In this study, the method of observation was used, with the possibility of repeatedly observing events being the subject of research. - In the research analysis, the use of film material of recorded games on a DVD was taken into account, where the observed effects were applied to an observation sheet. - The situations in which goals were scored and the research material comprised teams that competed in a given match. - The observation of scoring goals took the type of situation and level of interaction between players into account. Results Analysis of the obtained results can be inferred: 1. In achieving the highest objective of offensive actions, a high level of synergy prevails, requiring anticipation of events. 2. The high level of synergistic activities increases with the difficulty of situational tasks. 3. Due to the multi-faceted nature of team games, the player's training process should also affect his/her mental sphere.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116569730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinesthetic differentiation, kinematic and dynamic parameters in sports climbing competitors of varying ability levels","authors":"P. Gąsior","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.8209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8209","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study: To determine the differences in dynamic and kinematic parameters and kinesthetic differentiation of movement between competitors practicing sports climbing at different levels of advancement. Material and methods: The research group consisted of 30 men ( x _ = 25.6 years). The respondents were divided according to their level of experience (amateur, intermediate, advanced) into three groups of ten people. Measurements were taken of: relative strength, relative power and climbing speed for the upper and lower limbs using the Myotest accelerometer (Switzerland). To assess kinesthetic differentiation of movement, a two-plate stabilographic scale test (double-plate posturograph) was used. Results and conclusions: In climbers of greater ability we observed higher values for kinematic and dynamic parameters of the upper limbs. In the evaluation of the same parameters for the lower limbs we observed inverse relationships with climbing ability. Advanced climbers were characterized by lower relative power and relative strength of the lower limbs and also by a lower climbing speed. Compared with the amateurs, the advanced climbers who practice bouldering are characterized by a higher level of kinesthetic differentiation in posturographic tests for the shoulder girdle. The research results did not display any statistically significant differences in the level of abilities for kinesthetic differentiation of movement in measurements involving lower limbs. The research confirmed that dynamic and kinematic parameters of the upper limbs, including relative strength, relative power and climb speed, are significant determinants of the ability level of a boulderer. In the assessment of the lower limbs, these parameters do not influence ability level in bouldering. Thanks to the use of an innovative method of examining kinesthetic sensation, we noted that climbers of greater ability are more susceptible to the short-term effect of learning kinesthetic sensation when differentiating active strength (action) in the upper limbs. The double-plate posturograph is a tool which may be used for training and observing changes in terms of these coordination abilities. In response to the inclusion of climbing in the program for the Olympics as a three event competition, the introduction of training measures influencing relative power and strength parameters of the lower limbs should be considered. Optimizing training based on the development of relative power and speed of the lower limbs in competitors who practice bouldering may improve performance in speed climbing which, in the context of the multi-event competition, is of great importance.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130843292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}