Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Indices of technical and tactical training during kickboxing at different levels of competition in the K1 Formula","authors":"Łukasz Rydzik","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.7542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.7542","url":null,"abstract":"Study aim: The objective of analysis was to determine indices of technical and tactical training (activity, efficacy, attack effectiveness) during a kickboxing fight according to K1 rules, carried out at various levels of competition. Materials and methods: The study comprised 24 kickboxing fights, analysed according to K1 Rules. From the World Championships, National Championships and local tournaments, 8 fights were considered and analysed. The technical and tactical training indices were determined on the basis of formulas provided in the literature. Results: Statistically significant changes in the level of technical and tactical training indices for fighters were demonstrated between the world championships, the national championships and the local tournament, p<0.001. Conclusions: The highest values of the measured technical and tactical training indices occurred during the World Championships, while the lowest during the local tournament. The results of the research allow for a preliminary interpretation of the level of technical and tactical preparation during fights according to K1 rules.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129794584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in the level of development and proficiency in coordination motor abilities among female and male athletes of selected combat sports","authors":"V. Lyakh","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.7373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.7373","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The aim of this study was to determine gender differences in the level of development and proficiency in coordination motor abilities (CMAs) in athletes of selected combat sports. Materials and Methods. We analyzed the results of our experimental studies and the data and analyses of the material collected by other authors on the differences in the level of development and proficiency in CMAs in female and male wrestlers, taekwondo athletes, and kickboxers. Results. It was found that with age, training experience, and increasing competencies, gender differences in the level of most CMAs tend to decrease. Each athlete has their individual dynamics of development and proficiency in CMAs, which is not consistent for each ability and does not always coincide with the general trend of changes with age. Conclusions. The conclusion from the findings of the author’s empirical research is that the level of various CMAs can be improved across different age categories including preschool children, schoolchildren, and qualified athletes aged 15-29 years. With proper coordination training, younger and middle school children can reach, and often exceed, the CMAs levels of adolescents (boys and girls) at secondary school age. The rates of improvement of various CMAs over the same period in children of the experimental groups and in young competitive athletes may be 10-20% higher than in children or athletes of control groups of similar age. A comparison of the different CMAs in young athletes aged from 11 to 15 years, in whom these abilities have been developed in a systematic manner for one to four years with peers not involved in regular sports training showed that trained boys and girls outperformed untrained individuals by 10-20, 20-40, and even 60-100 and more percent. The analysis of the collected material shows that the assumption that, with equal trainability of girls and boys of preschool age, younger and older schoolchildren, and young and competitive wrestlers, higher responsiveness to identical coordination training programs, however, is observed in girls and adolescent and adult competitive athletes compared to their male peers.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115037221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Running activity, preparation and participation in marathon runs by amateurs between the age of 42-51 – a case study","authors":"Katarzyna Chryczyk, W. Mirek, K. Mirek, M. Ozimek, Ladislav Cepicka","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.7372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.7372","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. In the research, we looked for the relationship between the level of training activity and aerobic capacity as well as the result in the marathon run by an amateur aged 42-51. Materials and Methods. A progressive test was used to determine the threshold speed and load of the training activity. A 10- year period was analysed among amateur runners between the age of 42 and 51. The annual and DSP (Direct Start Preparation) training activity loads were determined. The strength of the relationship between the applied load of training activity and the result in the marathon was assessed, as well as the effectiveness of forecasting the result in the marathon. Results. An average annual volume over 2,500 km (194 hours) was found. During the DSP period, there was definitely an increase in workload. On average, in the DSP, the sub-threshold, threshold and supra-threshold measures constituted 65.7%- 19.4%-14.9%, respectively. A strong correlation was found between the result in the marathon and the annual volume, as well as the supra-threshold measures. Conclusions. The examined person presented a high level of activity, which allowed to maintain a high and stable level in the marathon and a high level of efficiency expressed by the VO2max indicator. The high assessment of the progressive test in estimating the result in the marathon was confirmed.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129219003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Somatic determinants of the sport performance of Polish sprinters","authors":"M. Ozimek, M. Nowak, M. Krawczyk, V. Zaborova, Jarosław Herbert, Ladislav Cepicka, W. Mirek","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.7394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.7394","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The aim of this study was to identify the determinants of somatic build of athletes at different (national and club) levels of sports skills. Furthermore, the study attempted to establish relationships between the performance in the 100m and 200m sprints and the parameters studied in the groups of sprinters and a control group (university students). Materials. The study included a selected group of sprinters (n=34). The sports skill level of the athletes was determined according to the track and field standards of the Polish Athletics Association (Polish: Polski Związek Lekkiej Atletyki, PZLA) as a sports class (Class I: national level, Class II: club level). The control group (n=62) consisted of sophomore full-time male students of physical education from the University of Physical Education in Krakow, Poland. Results and Conclusions. The results indicated that there was little intergroup variation in somatic build for characteristics such as hip width, elbow width, arm circumference, and largest thigh circumference. A significant effect on the improvement in scores in Class I athletes was found for R skinfold (over ticeps skin-fold) in 100m sprinters and the sum of R+Ł skinfolds (over ticeps + subscapular skin-fold) in 200m sprinters. In other groups, associations with the 100m score were shown for shoulder width, lower limb length, B skinfold (on abdonmen skin-fold), Ł skinfold, R skinfold, hip width, whereas for 200m, this concerned the largest lower leg circumference and R skinfold.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131646722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of covid-19 lockdown on aerobic capacity in female soccer players","authors":"Karol Berkowicz, Z. Obmiński, Kinga Michnik, Robert Czaja","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.7426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.7426","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in physical capacity caused by a 41-day significant reduction in training activity due to the COVID-19 lockdown. The 20 m shuttle run (Multistage Fitness Beep test) was used to determine physical capacity.\u0000Methods. The examinations were performed on 23 female soccer players aged 15 to 23 years. The inclusion criteria were sufficient training experience and participation in competitions at the level of the Central Junior League and the First Women’s League. On both dates of examinations, separated by a 41-day interval forced by the COVID-19 pandemic, maximal oxygen uptake was analyzed using an indirect method based on the Beep Test. The differences in VO2max on both dates for the combined groups were analyzed by Student’s t-test for dependent samples.\u0000Results. Calculations showed a highly significant reduction in VO2max (by 5.6 ml/kg/min). Furthermore, the absolute decrease in this variable was significantly related to baseline levels (r=0.760).\u0000Conclusions. The re-education of physical activity enforced by the 41-day lockdown resulted in a significant loss of aerobic capacity. A greater decrease in VO2max was observed in female athletes with higher baseline levels of aerobic capacity. It seems advisable to develop special training programs for individual implementation in case the group training is impossible.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133029840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of Aqua Pilayoga program on functional fitness in elderly women","authors":"Agnieszka Koteja, Katarzyna Kucia, Małgorzata Potocka-Mitan, Grażyna Kosiba, M. Gacek, Joanna Gradek, M. Majer","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.7583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.7583","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The literature highlights the benefits of physical activity using water resistance during movement in the aquatic environment, and the combination of pilayoga with the activity in the aquatic environment offers an interesting alternative to modern training and inspires research in this field. Nowadays, aquatic fitness is one of the most widely recognized fitness programs among health specialists, sports professionals, and practitioners. Aims: The main aim of the study was to assess the effect of three months of participation in an aqua pilayoga program on the functional fitness of women over 60 years of age. Method: The study group followed a supervised training routine 2 times per week for 3 months. The variables assessed at baseline and after 3 months included body composition (BIA), anthropometric indices i.e. body mass index, and results of the Fullerton Fitness Senior Test (FFST) which evaluated functional fitness. Fitness parameters measured in the study were strength and muscular endurance, mobility, dexterity, speed, body balance, motor coordination, reaction time, and flexibility. Results: After 3 months of the experiment, the greatest changes were found in endurance, agility, and strength of the upper and lower limbs. Positive adaptations were also observed in increased leg strength and flexibility of the lower and upper body. After 3 months, body mass index and fat mass decreased significantly (p<0.05), whereas basal metabolic rate, fat-free mass, and total body water increased significantly (p<0.001) Conclusions: Our findings indicated that aqua pilayoga programs can improve health parameters better and faster than in other sports. This is probably related to the specificity of the aquatic environment (buoyancy, density, resistance force, or waves) and physical exercise in water.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123882308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special fitness level of combat sports athletes: mixed martial arts (MMA) and thai boxing (muay thai) in the aspect of training experience","authors":"T. Ambroży, Wojciech Wąsacz, Agnieszka Koteja, Tomasz Żyłka, Justyna Stradomska, J. Piwowarski, Łukasz Rydzik","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.7582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.7582","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The best test of the technical skills and special physical fitness of the combat sports athlete is his or her response to the specific effort that occurs in a sports fight during tournaments. The aim of the study was to assess the variation in the level of special fitness and technical skills of modern combat sports athletes from the Legion Team Tarnów sports club. Material and Method: The research was conducted in a group of 30 athletes of two different fighting styles in terms of techniques and tactics: mixed martial arts (MMA, group 1, N=15) and Thai boxing (group 2, N=15). Measurements of basic somatic body build characteristics were performed. The fitness of the participants was measured using the special kickboxing fitness test (SKFT). The strength of the correlation between special fitness level and training experience was also evaluated. Results: The analyses revealed that the body build of the athletes of different combat sports does not significantly differ between each other. The athletes of both groups (MMA and Thai boxing) presented similar levels of basic somatotype characteristics. The level of special fitness in the MMA and Thai boxing groups significantly differed between the athletes of these sports in terms of the second series of punches (p = 0.030) and the second series of kicks (p = 0.011). A higher level of these elements of special fitness was displayed by Thai boxing athletes. The MMA group showed a very high strength of correlation that was statistically significant between training experience and first series of punches, second series of punches, and final HR. Furthermore, the first series of kicks and the second series of kicks showed high and significant strength of correlation. In the Thai boxing group, statistically significant relationships were found, with very high strength of correlation, in the first series of punches, first series of kicks, second series of punches, second series of kicks, and HR measured after one minute. Conclusions: The results allow for the initial diagnosis and interpretation of special fitness competencies along with the level of technical skills in the application of basic striking techniques in MMA and Thai boxing, which promotes optimization and enhances the quality of coaching control.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130186009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of leptin in monitoring training loads during rowing: a systematic review","authors":"Mateusz Mardyła, M. Grandys","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.7605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.7605","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In competitive sports, too small or too large loads lead to poor sports results. Situation of overload are particularly dangerous to the body, which may lead to overtraining. In this work, the literature on the possibility of assessing training loads with the use of leptin concentration measurement in men and women practicing rowing was analysed. \u0000Materials and methods: A systematic review was performed using the Scopus, Pubmed and Google Scholar databases between 1995-2020. After an initial analysis of 56 articles and taking the analysed topics into account, 25 articles were included in this review. As part of the review, data for 75 rowers were analysed. The usefulness of leptin - a hormone produced by adipose tissue - as a marker of training loads in several sports disciplines, with particular emphasis on rowing, was evaluated. Within this context, the role of leptin may be to control these loads due to its relatively high sensitivity in response to increases in training intensity or volume. The presented general characteristics of rowing and the physiological basis of exercise are the background for considerations on the possibility of using leptin as a burden marker in this discipline. \u0000Results: Due to the fact that the concentration of leptin correlates with the content of adipose tissue and BMI (Body Mass Index), its changes may inform about training loads directly related to the amount of energy expenditure. A review of the literature from the last 25 years, i.e. from the moment when this hormone was discovered, allowed to formulate the thesis that leptin may be a marker of training loads, however, determining its concentration makes sense when the same factors that may affect its secretion are taken into account each time. \u0000Conclusions: Training in rowing, that involves high training loads, causes significant changes in blood leptin levels. Training periods with high exercise load, associated with a significant increase in energy expenditure, lead to a decrease in resting leptin concentration, while periods with less load increase it. The main factor determining changes in leptin concentration during training is the amount of energy expenditure, which in the case of rowing involving very large muscle groups, is very high. Although the amount of energy expenditure in training, leading to a decrease in leptin concentration is difficult to determine, the energy expenditure cannot be less than 800 kcal in a single training unit.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117082136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Informativeness of vertical jump attempts with deferring spatial structure in speed climbing","authors":"M. Krawczyk, M. Pociecha, Ozimek Mariusz, P. Draga, Edyta Ropek","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.7563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.7563","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Vertical jump tests (VJT), used in the study among speed climbers, have shown that lower limb explosive strength is an important factor determining success in this sport. However, the correlation coefficients between VJT and climb time reported in the literature indicate: poor to good validity of using the results of these tests as a means of controlling athlete preparation. The purpose of this study was to assess the informative nature of the VJT of varying technical complexity on an athlete’s preparation for competition. Materials. The material of the study was a group of 5 women (x̃=23.8 years) and 5 men (x̃=20.8 years), members of the Polish National Team. The following tests were performed: CMJ without sweep (CMJbz), CMJ with sweep (CMJ), CMJ with rotation about the body axis (CMJ 360), ten (10) CMJ jumps with sweep at 2/3 of the height of the CMJ jump with sweep, motor reaction time (RT) to a sound signal. \u0000Results and Conclusions. Our results showed that of the trials used, only the CMJ with swing (CMJ), CMJ without swing (CMJws), and CMJ with rotation (CMJ-360) were most accurate. The CMJ-360 trial, which was of higher complexity, indicated the highest accuracy and the lowest estimation error of the expected speed climb time.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121194029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of somatic build on single-leg vertical jump performance in winter sport athletes","authors":"Kamila Maj, Dariusz Tchórzewski, J. Brudecki, M. Palik, Joanna Zaryczny","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.7604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.7604","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study. The vertical jump test in winter sports is most often performed with both feet. In competitive sports, there is a need to determine parameters separately for each lower limb. This is related to the sport practiced and anatomical and functional asymmetry. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of the somatic build of winter sports athletes on single-leg countermovement jump (CMJ) performance.\u0000Material and methods. The study group consisted of winter sports athletes, candidates for the high school in the Complex of Sports Championship Schools in Zakopane (ZSMS). The study was conducted in May 2019, with 121 participants including 56 girls (age: 13.98±1.76) and 65 boys (age: 13.89±2.09). Body build was determined based on 40 measurements of somatic characteristics which described body length and width, skeletal system mass, muscularity, body mass, and body fat. CMJ measurement was performed using the portable measurement system OptoJump. The relationships between somatic characteristics and CMJ results were determined using backward stepwise multiple regression analysis, whereas differences between the limbs were established using analysis of variance.\u0000Results. Analysis of variance did not confirm statistically significant differences between CMJ results for the right (RLL) and left (LLL) lower limbs. In the regression model for CMJ power, the coefficient of determination in girls was R2=33.53% for RLL and R2=43.69% for LLL. In boys, the range of explained total variance was higher with R2=39.64% for RLL and R2=61.36% for LLL. In the regression model for CMJ jump height, the coefficient of determination in girls was R2=44.63% for RLL and R2=38.53% for LLL. In boys, it was similar for both limbs (RLL: R2=57.36%; LLL: R2=58.53%)\u0000Conclusions. The power and height of CMJ obtained by both girls and boys did not confirm functional asymmetry. The study found significant relationships between CMJ results and athletes’ somatic build. However, body components were the most frequent explanatory variables in the regression models.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133867732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}