{"title":"The impact of plyometric training program on sprinting speed and jumping ability in american football players of a german amateur club","authors":"Angelika Luberecka","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.9435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9435","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The profile of requirements for an American Football game is characterized by good sprinting and jumping performance. The literature highlights the benefits of plyometric training on sprinting speed and jumping ability. Due to an increasing professionalization of American football in Germany, a transfer to the training practice is obsolete. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the impact of additional participation in a plyometric training program on sprinting speed and jumping ability of players of the American Football Team in Germany. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in May 2014, with 20 players of an amateur American Football Club in Germany including the treatment group of 10 participants (age: 22.44 ± 3.4 years) and the control group of 10 participants (age: 17.10 ± 1.20 years). The treatment group followed a plyometric training routine once per week for 2 months while the control group was attending only the team training. The variables assessed at baseline and after 2 months included the speed measurements of a 30 m sprint and acceleration in the first 5 m, and the results of CMJ, SJ, and DJ performed from the heights of 16cm, 24cm, and 32cm. Results: Analysis of variance did not confirm statistically significant improvements in sprint time in the 30m sprint and jumping performance in SJ and DJ in the treatment group. The sprint time in the first five meters of the 30-meter sprint showed a highly significant increase of 1.66%. In the CMJ, a marginally significant increase in jump height of 6.37% was found. Conclusions: significant improvements as a result of the plyometric strength training can be only found in the jump height in the CMJ. In order to reach more comprehensive conclusions, physical fitness of the subjects, a longer intervention duration, and a higher training volume should be taken into account in future studies.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127855280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magdalena Zmuda Palka, Monika Bigosińska, M. Spieszny
{"title":"The attitudes and beliefs of paralympians and athletes with disabilities on doping in sport","authors":"Magdalena Zmuda Palka, Monika Bigosińska, M. Spieszny","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.9431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9431","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aims to analyze the opinions and attitudes of elite athletes with disabilities. Methods: Study participants included a group of elite Polish team members competing in international competitions (including Paralympics) in various sports. The research sample consisted of 100 individuals, including 67 men (67%) and 33 women (33%). The descriptive exploratory design used an instrument that combined a validated questionnaire (Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale; PEAS) with a special questionnaire adapted to athletes with disabilities. Results: The overall mean score from the PEAS scale (range, 11–66, with higher scores representing more permissive attitudes towards doping) was 20.61 ± 11.35, with 21.20 ± 10.96 in men, 19.39 ± 12.20 in women, 20.46 ± 10.92 in Paralympians and world championship participants (Masters), and 21.14 ± 13.16 in other competitors. For more than half (58%) of respondents, doping is uncommon in sports, and sports success can be achieved without doping (88%). The vast majority of respondents (90%) do not know people who use doping. Conclusion: The lack of response and hesitation in answers suggest that the respondents did not use doping but also were unaware of doping. Therefore, it seems necessary to implement anti-doping education for athletes with disabilities from the early stages of their sports careers.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125376193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Szczygieł, Dariusz Waśniowski, Jagoda Chmiel, J. Golec
{"title":"Is the forward head posture a health problem affecting children and adolescents?","authors":"E. Szczygieł, Dariusz Waśniowski, Jagoda Chmiel, J. Golec","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.8788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8788","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Forward head posture (FHP) is one of the most common types of poor head posture in the sagittal plane. The widespread use of computers, smartphones, and tablets can be one of the causes of poor posture in children and adolescents. The aim of the present study was to assess the position of the head in children and adolescents. Material and Methods: Sixty-two children from a primary school in Krakow were divided into two age groups. Group 1 consisted of 35 children aged 9-11 years, whereas Group 2 included 27 adolescents aged 12-15 years. The photogrammetry method was used to measure head position. The study participants were asked to assess their head and neck position as correct or incorrect. Results: Among all respondents, 16 people (25.81%) had a craniovertebral angle (CVA) in the standing position of fewer than 48 degrees, which indicates a problem with the forward head position. There were statistically significant differences in forward head shift (FHS) and CVA determined in sitting and standing positions between age groups. Group 2 had statistically significantly lower CVA and higher FHS values than Group 1. Fifty-eight (93.5%) study participants considered the positioning of their head and neck to be correct. Conclusions: FHP can occur in children and adolescents.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128258713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Subir Gupta, A. Stanula, A. Goswami, Anup Adhikari, Ajita Singh, Andrzej Ostrowski
{"title":"Relationship between cycling speed and blood lactate level at various intervals following 1-km time trial cycling","authors":"Subir Gupta, A. Stanula, A. Goswami, Anup Adhikari, Ajita Singh, Andrzej Ostrowski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.8589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8589","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aims of this study were (1) to assess the relationship between cycling speed and blood lactate ([BLa]) at various intervals following 1-km Time Trial cycling (1-kmTT) and (2) to determine the arrival time of peak blood lactate ([BLa]peak) during recovery. Methods and results: In 12 track cyclists, [BLa] was determined at 3 min ([BLa]3min), 5 min ([BLa]5min), and 7 min ([BLa]7min) of the recovery period following 1-kmTT. The highest [BLa] among the 3 recovery blood samples was recorded as the [BLa]peak. Heart rate was recorded during the race. Correlation (r) and effect size (ES) between average cycling speed and [BLa] were determined. Results: [BLa]3min (18.15±2.80 mmol/L) was the highest, followed by [BLa]5min (17.32±2.65 mmol/L) and [BLa]7 min (15.80±2.58 mmol/L), whereas [BLa]peak was 18.23 ± 2.78 mmol/L. Peak heart (HRpeak) (189.4±4.2 beats/min) of the cyclists attained during 1-kmTT was 97.8±1% of their maximal heart rate. Average cycling speed (14.31 ± 0.53 m/s) showed best correlation with [BLa]peak (r=0.582, p=0.047, ES=LARGE), followed by [BLa]3min (r=0.561; p=0.058, ES=LARGE), [BLa]5min (r=0.48; p=0.114, ES=MEDIUM) and [BLa]7min (r=0.382; p=0.221, ES=MEDIUM). Conclusion: In conclusion, (1) 1-kmTT performance is best correlated with [BLa]peak, and (2) usually [BLa]peak arrives 3 min following the race.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120974804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Małgorzata Bagińska, Małgorzata Morawska-Tota, Ł. Tota
{"title":"Quantitative assessment of lugers’ nutrition in the annual training cycle","authors":"Małgorzata Bagińska, Małgorzata Morawska-Tota, Ł. Tota","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.9140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9140","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The specificity of sports nutrition is related to particular nutritional strategies appropriate for each period of the training macrocycle and the type of sport practiced. The aim of the present study was to quantify the daily food rations of lugers from the Karpacz Sports Championship School in three consecutive periods of the annual training cycle. Materials and methods: The research was carried out in a group of 10 lugers (5♀, 5♂), aged 16 to 19 years, who were students of the Sports Championship School in Karpacz, Poland. During each of the three periods of the annual training cycle, nutrition was assessed using the current recording method and the measurement of selected somatic indicators: body height (BH) and body mass (BM). Nutrient (protein, fats, carbohydrates) and dietary fibre requirements were estimated for the lugers for each phase of the training cycle. The Dietetyk PRO diet program was applied to evaluate energy and nutrient intake. Results: An insufficient energy intake was demonstrated in the vast majority of the analysed food rations, the exception being the preparatory period in men (121% of the demand on average). During the competition and transition periods, insufficient protein (67.6±35.0 g; 70.9±36.0 g, respectively), fat (43.5±31.1 g; 48.1±25.7 g), and carbohydrate (202.9±84.7 g; 212.7±62.2 g) intakes were observed in women. In men, a similar trend was noted for carbohydrates and fibre in the second (333.4±56.0 g; 18.0±8.1 g) and third (304.6±65.7 g; 23.8±13.1 g) periods of the annual cycle, and fat (65.5±28.1 g) in the transition period. Conclusions: The tested lugers did not meet the demand for most of the components in the competition and transition periods. The dietary errors shown in the study group may affect sports performance. Therefore, it seems reasonable to provide nutritional education and regular dietary monitoring in lugers.","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116605824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Komarek, Małgorzata Hołda, Sara Krzysztofik, Michał Spieszny, M. Krzysztofik, Aleksandra Filip-Stachnik
{"title":"Sleep Knowledge, Beliefs and Practices in Youth Sports Coaches and Science Support Staff","authors":"Z. Komarek, Małgorzata Hołda, Sara Krzysztofik, Michał Spieszny, M. Krzysztofik, Aleksandra Filip-Stachnik","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.8566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8566","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The primary purpose of this study was to assess sleep hygiene knowledge among coaches and sports science support staff working with youth athletes, their sleep practices implemented with athletes, and their sleep education. Materials and methods: A sample of 139 Polish coaches and sports science support staff working with youth athletes volunteered to complete a survey focused on sleep monitoring, hygiene practices, and sleep education. The Sleep Beliefs Scale (SBS) was also included. Results: Overall sleep hygiene knowledge was inadequate for the whole sample (14.86 ± 2.70, score range 0 - 20; mean ± SD). However, the overall SBS score for science support staff was adequate (15.44 ± 2.71) and significantly higher than the inadequate score obtained by coaches (14.48 ± 2.65, p = 0.013). Less than half (48%) of coaches and science support staff promoted or administered sleep hygiene strategies, and only 17% monitored sleep of youth athletes. Most coaches and science support staff (only 35% of “Yes” responses) were not educated in sleep knowledge. However, there were significant differences between coaches and science support staff (28 % vs 46 %, respectively; p = 0.030) in their education in the field of sleep hygiene. Conclusions: Coaches working with youth athletes had inadequate overall sleep hygiene knowledge, while sports science support staff’s knowledge was adequate. Sleep hygiene strategies, sleep monitoring practices, and sleep education of coaches and science support staff seemed to be limited. We suggest that a broader approach to sleep education in youth sports staff might be necessary to improve sleep practices in youth athletes.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126584668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kruszewski, Łukasz Pągowski, A. Kruszewski, Rafał Tabęcki, Maciej Merchelski
{"title":"Dehydration and other strategies of rapid weight loss in young powerlifters","authors":"M. Kruszewski, Łukasz Pągowski, A. Kruszewski, Rafał Tabęcki, Maciej Merchelski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.8565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8565","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prevalence of dehydration as a method of rapid weight loss (RWL) and related risks point to the necessity of knowledge assessment in young powerlifters in this regard. The aim of this study was to assess practices and knowledge about RWL methods and their potential detrimental effects on health in young powerlifters. Materials and methods: A diagnostic poll was carried out among the participants (n=98) of sub-junior Polish championships (14 – 18 years), in two subgroups: G1 – weight classes up to 75 kg (n=50) and G2 – weight classes above 75 kg (n=48). Results: Dehydration was most frequently indicated by young powerlifters as a method of body weight reduction in young powerlifters whereas diuretics, potentially hazardous to health, were the most popular supplement. Conclusions: Despite popular belief that extreme RWL methods are most prevalent in lighter weight classes, athletes of higher weight classes more frequently indicated the methods with high risk of dehydration. Among young powerlifters, knowledge of the consequences of RWL is inadequate.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"223 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127296371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joanna Baran, T. Pop, Justyna Sieńko, J. Leszczak, M. Ozimek, Emilia Waraksa, W. Mirek, Jarosław Herbert
{"title":"Effect of physical activity on low back pain in pregnant women","authors":"Joanna Baran, T. Pop, Justyna Sieńko, J. Leszczak, M. Ozimek, Emilia Waraksa, W. Mirek, Jarosław Herbert","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.8109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8109","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to evaluate physical activity and its effect on the prevalence of low back pain. Additional research questions were formulated to thoroughly examine the topic under study. Was low back pain reported by study participants before and during pregnancy? Did women who were physically active and those who were inactive during pregnancy experience low back pain? Did pain intensity depend on physical activity? The study examined 118 women aged 23 to 42 years. The mean age of the participants was 25.57 ± 3.46 years. In terms of demographics, one-third of the participants lived in rural areas and twothirds lived in urban areas. Most of the women (72.9%) had higher education and 75.4% of them were employed. Ninety-seven women were married. The interview was based on an anonymous questionnaire with 30 questions and the visual analog scale (VAS). For 72% of women, pregnancy is accompanied by low back pain (p<0.001). They viewed physical activity as a method of pain management rather than prevention of back pain (p=0.010). Therefore, they undertook various forms of physical activity to relieve pain. This is one of the main motivations for taking up physical exercise during pregnancy. The benefits of physical activity most commonly emphasized by pregnant women include a faster return to their pre-pregnancy slimness, easier delivery, reduced back pain, and improved mood.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129078316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Krawczyk, M. Maciejczyk, M. Pociecha, M. Ozimek, Przemysław Markowicz, Paulina Wałaszek, Katarzyna Trytek
{"title":"Mechanical paramaters of sprint in female soccer players at different skill levels","authors":"M. Krawczyk, M. Maciejczyk, M. Pociecha, M. Ozimek, Przemysław Markowicz, Paulina Wałaszek, Katarzyna Trytek","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.8188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8188","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationships between sprint mechanical parameters and sprint performance among female soccer players at different skill levels. Materials and methods: Sixty-six female soccer players (age = 23.1 ± 5.1 years) performed a 30-m sprint to assess sprint performance and mechanical variables. Speed was measured by radar technology for 5, 10, 20, and 30 m and was used to calculate the theoretical maximal velocity (V0), theoretical maximal horizontal force (F0), maximal horizontal power (Pmax), decrease in the ratio of horizontal to resultant force (DRF), and p eak ratio of horizontal to resultant force (RFpeak). Results: Different force-velocity (F-V) profile parameters are determinants of sprint performance at various distances. RFpeak (r = -0.99), Pmax (r = -0.93), and F0 (r = 0.92) had the strongest associations with sprint performance at shorter (5-m) distances, while at longer (20-m) distances, V0 (r = -0.73), Pmax (r = -0.94), and RFpeak (r = -0.88) were largely associated with sprint performance. Conclusion: The results of this study show that as the skill level in female soccer players increases, an increase in maximal theoretical horizontal force during sprinting can be observed.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126430616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mateusz Kaczor, H. Duda, Patryk Kajderowicz, Łukasz Rydzik, T. Ambroży
{"title":"Application of teaching intellectualization in training aimed at creating a game environment among young footballers","authors":"Mateusz Kaczor, H. Duda, Patryk Kajderowicz, Łukasz Rydzik, T. Ambroży","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.8187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8187","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Modern tendencies in football education include the concept of teaching games for understanding based on the development of mental abilities which may encourage players to take creative actions in the game. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the intellectualization of teaching in the game environment of young football players proposed by the authors on changes in the level of acquiring specialized knowledge, football technique (special skills), and the effectiveness of actions in the game (gk. + 4 x 4 + gk.). Materials and methods: The research was conducted on a group of football players from the Hutnik Football Academy in Kraków. The group consisted of 32 young players aged 9 years (Junior E2). The study was conducted from August 2020 to January 2021. The research used the method of pedagogical experiment and natural experiment. The technique of parallel groups (experimental and control) was used in the study. Specialized knowledge test, football technique test, and observation of players’ effectiveness in the game were used to evaluate the players (gk. + 4 x 4 + gk.). Results: The analysis of previous studies showed that compared to the traditional methods, the intellectualization of teaching in the game environment has a greater impact on the level of tested parameters. This was proved by the results of half-year experimental research which showed substantial statistic differentiation in the experimental group of the evaluation of specialized knowledge, football technique, and effectiveness in the game. Based on the correlation analysis, significant relationships were also found between the level of specialized knowledge, football technique, and effectiveness in the game. Conclusion: To improve football training efficiency, it is worth promoting creative methods of teaching the game aimed at creating the game environment and making creative decisions based on the acquired skills and knowledge about the game.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"15 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113932489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}