Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences最新文献

{"title":"In search of muscular fitness and its relation to training experience and sports performance of athletes of modern combat sports such as mixed martial arts (MMA) and Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ)","authors":"Wojciech Wąsacz, Ewa Sobiło-Rydzik, Marta Niewczas, P. Król, N. Malliaropoulos","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2746","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Combat sports, including MMA and BJJ place very high and varied demands on athletes in terms of strength and strength-endurance training. The aim of the present study was to level of development motor fitness athletes combat sports and examine their relationship with training experience, and high sports performance. Methods: Thirty athletes were studied and compared between two groups: MMA (N=15) and BJJ (N=15). Somatic measurements were performed. Selected manifestations of the athletes potential in terms of strength and strength endurance were also measured, using selected tests from the International Physical Fitness Test (EUROFIT) battery, and relative strength and MAW indices were calculated. A coach ranking of athletes by sports achievement was developed. Next, the strength of the relationship of the effect of the aspects of strength and conditioning with training experience and sports performance was assessed. Results: The level of motor fitness in the groups was significantly different between the athletes of these sports in terms of strength and strength endurance abilities (p=0,006-0,038). A higher level of these elements of fitness was displayed by BJJ athletes. In both groups, significant correlations were found between the motor effect and the training experience (r=0,53-0,89) also sports result (r=0,53-0,76). Conclusions: The results allow for the initial diagnosis and interpretation of motor fitness competencies along with the profile of its key manifestations in MMA and BJJ, which promotes optimization of the quality of coaching control.","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134447371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of closed-skill bodyweight strength exercises on jumping skill in youth soccer players","authors":"M. Krawczyk, M. Pociecha, M. Ozimek, J. Tallent, Jakub Porąbka","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2869","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Participation in soccer training is beneficial for the development of energetic motor abilities and coordination abilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of closed-skill bodyweight resistance exercises which differ in their jumping movement structure, on jumping skills in youth soccer players. It was hypothesized that the examined exercises provide a better stimulus than soccer training for jumping development. Methods: Twenty-six young soccer players participated in the study. They were assigned to a strength training soccer group (SSG, n = 15) or a soccer group (SG, n = 11). The SSG realized a 9-week strength training in addition to soccer training. The following measurements were taken: countermovement jump with arm swing (CMJas), countermovement jump without arm swing (CMJ), an indicator of coordination of the upper limbs (CMJas CMJ), and anaerobic power of CMJ (Pmax CMJ). Results: The obtained results showed similar improvements in jumping skills in both SSG and SG groups. Moreover, the results revealed a difference between both groups in pre- and post-training conditions for correlation coefficients observed between jumping variables. Conclusions: The strength exercises used in this study are not more beneficial for developing jumping skills than conventional soccer training among youth soccer players. Moreover, the strength training sessions should be based on a model of motor control in soccer players.","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"12 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125821609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition Habits and Self-Assessment of Health and Quality of Life Among Women from the Kraków Community Participating in the \"Healthy Active Senior” Programme","authors":"M. Gacek, Grażyna Kosiba, M. Majer, Joanna Gradek, Katarzyna Kucia, Agnieszka Koteja, O. Czerwińska-Ledwig, Wioletta Mikul’áková","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2225","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Healthy food choices are among the factors contributing to health, and therefore, a better quality of life at each stage of ontogenesis. The aim of the study was to assess correlations of eating habits with self-rated health and quality of life (QOL) in women participating in the Healthy Active Senior project at the University of Physical Education in Kraków, Poland. Methods: The study was conducted in September 2019 among 201 women aged 60-85 (66 ± 5) using the Questionnaire of Eating Behaviour (QEB) and the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients (Spearman’s rho), with a significance level set at p<0.05. Results: The study demonstrated that the inclusion of unsweetened foods such as beverages and dairy products as snacks and a preference for baking/roasting as a method of heat treatment of meat led to an increase in self-rated health (p<0.01). On the other hand, overall health assessment decreased (p<0.01) with the consumption of sweetened beverages and sweetened dairy products, and adding salt to ready-made meals or sandwiches. Furthermore, with regular consumption of meals, including unsweetened beverages and dairy products as snacks, and a preference for baking/roasting as a method of heat treatment for meat and consuming wine among alcoholic beverages, the overall perception of quality of life increased (p<0.01). In contrast, choosing sweet snacks and the preference for flavoured water led to a decrease in the overall self-rated QOL (p<0.01). Conclusions: Healthy food choices are associated with an increase in the general perception of health and quality of life while choosing unhealthy foods is related to a decrease in the overall perception of health and QOL in senior women.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134194798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of selected aspects of strength conditioning among junior boulderers and speed and lead climbers","authors":"K. Sas-Nowosielski, M. Gutek","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1542","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Comprehensive preparation of climbers for participation in multi-event competitions requires knowledge of the motor characteristics and fitness profiles of successful athletes competing in their individual events. Such knowledge can be used to prepare training programs to prepare for multi-event climbing competitions. The study aimed to compare the fitness profiles of young athletes specializing in different climbing disciplines: lead climbing, speed climbing, and bouldering. Methods: The study included 13 climbers participating in national and international speed climbing, bouldering, and lead climbing competitions. All athletes were members of the junior national team, aged 17.2±1.9 years. The measurements included: rope climbing power test of the upper limbs, upper limb power test on a campus board, the agonist-to-antagonist ratio of upper body strength, bent arm hang test, core strength test, simple and complex reaction time measurements, Margaria-Kalamen stair climb power test, vertical jump, pull-up shoulder endurance test. Results. There were no significant differences between the groups. However, for effect sizes, large values of Cohen’s d were reported in the campus board power in which speed climbers reached the highest results and in the pull-up test with stops in which boulderers scored highest. Small-to-medium effect sizes were observed also in the rope climb test and simple reaction time measurements in which speed climbers scored higher than lead climbers and boulderers, and in prone plank in which speed climbers scored lowest. Conclusions. Speed climbers generated higher power of the lower limbs and had shorter simple reaction times, while boulderers had greater strength in mixed dynamic-static conditions. However, in most strength and conditioning parameters, juniors specializing in different climbing disciplines did not differ significantly.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121246864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent Validity and Inter-Rater Reliability of Hand-Held Measurements of Maximal Sprint Speed","authors":"Bartosz Zając, Paulina Gaj, J. Zięba","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1225","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Maximal sprinting speed (MSS) is an essential component of success in many sports. Currently, many systems are used to accurately evaluate athletes’ MSS, including laser or radar guns, single- or dual-beam photocells, high-speed cameras, and high-frequency global positioning systems. However, the cost of these devices may be an obstacle to their implementation into practice. The least expensive but most likely less accurate alternative method of MSS evaluation is the hand-held time measurement of a 30m flying-start sprint. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the concurrent validity and inter-rater reliability o the hand-held method of MSS measurement. Materials and Methods: The study involved 3 experienced raters and 18 amateur runners. Runners performed 2-3 trials of the 30m maximal flying-start sprint. In total, 40 observations were collected. Each sprint time was measured simultaneously by raters using a hand-held stopwatch and an electronic timing system. Criterion validity (hand-held vs. electronic timing) was assessed using linear regression analysis. Inter-rater reliability between hand-held timers was evaluated using interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC). Results: Results showed that single and average hand-held methods are affected by -0.17 to -0.07m·s-1 (-2.5 to -1.6%) and -0.12m·s- 1 (-1.7%) errors, respectively. Linear regression analysis parameters (free parameter not statistically significant, directional coefficient 0.994-1.057, standard error of estimation 0.073-0.125, R2 0.981-0.994) indicated statistically excellent absolute agreement between a hand-held (single and average) and electronic timing. ICCs of 0.980-0.994, SEM of 0.12m·s-1 (1.87%), and MDC of 0.34m·s-1 (5.18%) indicated statistically excellent absolute agreement and consistency for single and average measurements between hand-held timers. Conclusion: The proposed manual method of MSS measurement underestimates athletes’ speed performance. Moreover, the hand-held 30m flying-start sprint time measurement is affected by a 2% error, and a minimum 5% time change in an individual athlete demonstrates that the change is not simply attributable to measurement error.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132128583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute effects of caffeinated chewing gum on basketball performance in elite female players","authors":"Aleksandra Filip-Stachnik","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1233","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To date, no study has investigated the effects of acute intake of caffeinated chewing gum in female basketball players. Methods: Nine elite female basketball players participated in a randomized crossover placebo-controlled double-blind experiment. All athletes participated in two identical experimental trials 15 minutes after ingestion of (i) chewing gum containing 150 mg of caffeine (i.e.~2.3 ± 0.2 mg/kg of caffeine) or (ii) non-caffeinated chewing gum with an inert substance to produce a placebo. After the ingestion of the gum, the athletes performed the following tests: (i) a sprint test (0-20 m), (ii) agility T-test, (iii) isometric handgrip strength test, (iv) countermovement jump test, (v) free throw test, and (vi) three-point shot test. Results: No significant differences were observed in any physical or skill-based tests (p > 0.05 for all). However, the effect size in the sprint and agility T-Test, jump height test, and free-throw test was higher in the caffeine conditions, with effect sizes of small or moderate magnitude (ES = 0.31 – 0.64) over the placebo. Conclusion: From a practical perspective, the benefits of caffeinated chewing gum are minor, at least in elite athletes with a mild level of caffeine consumption.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126558731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-related differences in perceptual indices, serum cortisol and blood lactate responses to endurance exertion in competitive male and female athletes in a field setting","authors":"Katarzyna Sochacka, Małgorzata Janusz, Z. Obmiński","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1084","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Boxing requires very high aerobic fitness from male and female practitioners, therefore, endurance exercises play an important role in the preparation to competition. One of the way for rating of the state of demanded physical adaptation is monitoring of biological responses to endurance training units. The aim of the study was to examine psycho-hormonal responses to a 10km cross-country run in male and female boxers. Material and methods: Twenty-four amateur adult boxers, 12 women and 12 men, of various weight categories, excluding heavyweight athletes, performed field a 10km run. Capillary blood was sampled in the morning at 8:00, 5 minutes prior to the run (11:00 am), and within 5 minutes after exercise. Plasma cortisol concentration (C) was determined using a commercial ELISA kit (IBL, GERMANY). Post-exercise blood lactate was determined with a Lactate Scout analyzer. Pre-run anticipatory stress (AS) was estimated on a numerical scale of 1 to 10 points, with the same tool used to measure the rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Results: Morning plasma cortisol levels in females (540±82 nM) and males (520±73 nM) did not differ significantly but the pre-and post-run levels were higher in females. Furthermore, males rather than females showed lower pre-exercise compared to post-exercise C levels, meaning that blood lactate level was significantly higher in males (6.3±1.1 mM) compared to that in females (5.4±0.7 mM). There were no significant differences between the sexes for AS and RPE. However, both perceptual parameters were slightly higher in females. Conclusion: Based on blood cortisol measurements and perceptual parameters it can be concluded that the psychophysiological cost of exercise is higher in female athletes, even in the case of non-competitive exercise.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124855655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the real training load based on monitoring of K1 kickboxing bouts","authors":"Łukasz Rydzik","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.0606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0606","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Kickboxing is a combat sport in which scientific observations are regularly made to improve the quality of the training process. Heart rate monitoring is the basic form of the evaluation of training load and diagnosing the athlete's capabilities. The purpose of this study was to determine training load based on heart rate measurements in K1 kickboxers. Methods: The study was conducted on 18 kickboxers, with HR recorded over a 3-round kickboxing fight. HRmax level was calculated for each athlete according to the most recent formula. Based on these data, the percentage training load was determined according to the needs arising from the training periodization. Results: The results of the study showed that training of K1 kickboxers is based primarily on submaximal heart rates, which increase with each round of the bout (p<0.001). Conclusions: The training load for a K1 kickboxing bout based on maximum heart rate should be 95.44% HRmax in the first round, 96.23% HRmax in the second, and 97.01% HRmax in the round..\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129733785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhythm or symmetry? What matters more in flamenco footwork?","authors":"Wanda Forczek-Karkosz, R. Michnik, Katarzyna Nowakowska-Lipiec, Alfonso Vargas Macías, Irene Baena Chicón, Sebastián Gómez Lozano, J. Gorwa","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.0121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0121","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Music, rhythm, symmetry, and body awareness are important aspects of dancing training. Flamenco dancers not only mark and accentuate the rhythm, but they produce the rhythm through the footwork (zapateado). The main purpose of this study was to determine whether the rhythm tapped by the flamenco dancer’s feet occurs with the symmetry in the lower limb movements. Methods: The zapateado (ZAP-3) technique sequence based on 30 cycles composed of six repeating sequences of taps performed with right and left feet was analyzed. Movement kinematics was recorded using a 3D motion system. The following parameters were analyzed: time of subsequent ZAP-3 cycles, time of successive taps of the feet in the cycle, joint angular changes throughout the cycle, and lower limb joint angles at the time when the tap was performed. Results: Temporal parameters within the cycles of the ZAP-3 test revealed small variability (coefficient of variation up to 5.05% for the right and left lower limbs for a single cycle) and high symmetry (symmetry index did not exceed 3% for a single cycle), which indicates the rhythmicity of the flamenco test. Furthermore,the kinematic analysis revealed a lack of perfect symmetry in the movements performed by both lower limbs. This allows a flamenco dancer to have room for individual interpretation or improvisation so important in flamenco. It seems that rhythm plays a more important role in flamenco footwork than movement symmetry. Conclusion: Rhythm plays a more important role in flamenco footwork than movement symmetry.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128294907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intellectualization as an aid to teaching the game of soccer among students of sports universities","authors":"H. Duda, A. Szwarc, T. Ambroży","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.9869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9869","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The paper is of an implementation (application) nature and addresses problems related to the concept of effective soccer training. Given that the actions in a sports game are based on conscious activities that require creative attitudes from players, the study proposes intellectual teaching, with an emphasis on the role of expertise. The purpose of the research was to determine an experimental method of teaching the game of soccer based on programmed support (teaching intellectualization). Materials and Methods: The pedagogical experiment method was used to evaluate the effectiveness (learning and teaching) of special motor skills. Experimental teaching was conducted over a period of 4 months in 2018-2019 among third-year physical education students of Polish sports universities (AWF Kraków and AWFiS Gdańsk). Thirty-two students who participated in soccer program classes were examined. Results: The experimental teaching (intellectualization), conducted among students of sports universities showed great advantages in more effective teaching. In the experimental groups, intellectual support led to better results (significant differences at p<0.05). Conclusions: The methodological procedure based on intellectual support of the player’s motor actions accelerates the teaching of soccer technique. Knowledge of action represents a significant disposition to efficient motor activity. It was also demonstrated that mental training used as reinforcement (in optimal proportions) can compensate for practical training.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"162 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122147575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}