Plant, Cell & Environment最新文献

{"title":"Xylem Pit Anatomy and Minimum Leaf Conductance Drive Drought Mortality in Pinus pinaster.","authors":"J Julio Camarero, Michele Colangelo, Cristina Valeriano, Antonio Gazol, Ester González de Andrés, David Alonso-Forn, Jordi Voltas, José M Torres-Ruiz, Sylvain Delzon, Eric Badel, Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín","doi":"10.1111/pce.70211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought-triggered forest die-off events are commonly attributed to hydraulic failure, carbon starvation, or a combination of the two. Nevertheless, the anatomical and physiological traits that make trees vulnerable to drought in the field are often unknown, hindering predictive efforts. To identify these traits, we compared coexisting declining (D, heavily defoliated) and non-declining (ND, lightly defoliated) trees. We studied a recent die-off event affecting maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) in north-eastern Spain that started after the severe 2017 drought. We compared the depth of soil water uptake, estimated using δ¹⁸O and δ²H in soil and xylem water samples, as well as field measurements. We also measured anatomical and physiological wood and leaf variables, paying particular attention to pit anatomy and minimum leaf conductance (g_min). The D trees were smaller in terms of diameter and height, and exhibited lower growth rates. They also formed tracheids with smaller lumen diameters and thinner cell walls than the ND trees. The measured soil depth was greater for ND than for D trees. Isotope data also indicated that ND trees used water from deeper soil layers than D trees during the late summer period of peak drought severity. No differences in the sapwood concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates were found between the two tree types. The D trees had lower midday water potentials than ND trees, and the pressure inducing 50% loss of hydraulic conductance (P₅₀) and g_min were higher in D trees. The D trees also exhibited lower torus overlap, margo flexibility and valve effect than ND trees. However, these differences in pit anatomy were observed in the 2010s when ND trees exhibited higher δ¹³C-derived intrinsic water-use efficiency. A combination of traits, such as a large pit aperture and a high g_min makes trees vulnerable to drought stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and Environmental Determinants Underlying the Dynamics of Soybean Flowering Time.","authors":"Guo Xiong, Liwei Wang, Mahmoud Naser, Mingchao Zhao, Jundan Chen, Bingjun Jiang, Shan Yuan, Chao Qin, Tianfu Han, Shi Sun, Tingting Wu","doi":"10.1111/pce.70212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flowering time, determined by genetic loci and environmental cues, is crucial for soybeans' geographic distribution and regional adaptability. This study aimed to generate a workflow of genetic and environmental analysis for determinants of soybean flowering time. By investigating flowering time in both natural populations and recombinant inbred lines (RIL) across eight environments spanning from 18°15'10″ N to 43°49'02″ N across two years, we found that photothermal ratio (PTR) strongly correlated with early- and mid-pre-flowering stages (16-23 days after planting). We detected 298 Quantitative Trait Locus (QTLs) in the natural population and 20 QTLs in the RIL for trait mean and 6 plasticity indicators, with 6 QTLs and 58 QTLs overlapping. Notably, seven quantitative trait nucleotide (QTNs) and eight QTN by environment interactions were colocalised with the above plasticity QTLs. By integrating 82 main-effect, plasticity and genotype-by-environment (G×E) interaction loci and environmental index PTR_16-23, we proposed a simplified and stable prediction model with an average 4.40% and 2.42% increase in accuracy for flowering time in a single environment and across environments over that of 1726 genome-wide flowering time loci, respectively. This study propels the field of adapting diverse genotypes to dynamic environments and addressing the challenges posed by climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Root-Pore Interactions, the Underestimated Driver for Rhizosphere Structure and Rhizosheath Development.","authors":"Maik Geers-Lucas, Andrey Guber, Alexandra Kravchenko","doi":"10.1111/pce.70215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physical characteristics of rhizosphere and rhizosheath, that is, root-adhering soil, are crucial for plant performance. Yet, the drivers of the rhizosphere's structural properties and their relationships with rhizosheath development remain unclear. We used X-ray computed micro-tomography (i) to explore two drivers of rhizosphere porosity: root-induced changes vs. preferential root growth into soil with certain pore characteristics and (ii) to estimate their contributions to rhizosphere macroporosity gradients and rhizosheath formation. Rhizosheath development was assessed in relation to rhizosphere macroporosity and rhizodeposition after ¹⁴C labeling. Our results confirmed that both root-induced changes and growth preferences shape rhizosphere structure, with their relative significance depending on the inherent macropore availability. In intact soils, growth preferences were the dominant factor, while in sieved soils the root-induced changes became equally important. Rhizosheath formation was associated with roots compacting their surrounding and releasing carbon. However, no correlation was found between rhizosheath formation and the actual rhizosphere, that is, the volume of soil adjacent to the roots. The study offers new process-level understanding of rhizosphere porosity gradients, while emphasizing caution in interpreting root growth data from sieved soil studies. Similarly, traditional destructively sampled rhizosheath may not fully capture the true characteristics of the actual rhizosphere, underscoring importance of intact-soil analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon Dioxide Release During Photosynthesis: Connecting Gas Exchange Behavior With Biochemistry.","authors":"Thomas D Sharkey, Yuan Xu","doi":"10.1111/pce.70216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During photosynthesis, CO₂ uptake is counterbalanced by concurrent CO₂-releasing processes, complicating the interpretation of gas exchange measurements. While photorespiration accounts for a significant portion of this CO₂ release, emerging evidence indicates that there are additional metabolic pathways that release CO₂ during photosynthesis. This metabolism-termed day respiration (often R_d) or respiration in the light (R_L)-is now recognized as an independent and significant source of CO₂ emission during photosynthesis. Here we revisit classical models of photosynthesis and incorporate new insights from isotopic labeling and metabolic flux analysis (MFA) to investigate the biochemical basis of R_L. We identified the cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) shunt through the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) as the predominant contributor to R_L. This shunt explains some long-standing anomalies in Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle labeling. Under non-stressed conditions, R_L remains stable across varying CO₂ concentrations and light intensities. Under heat stress, R_L shifts toward a plastidial source. Together, these findings resolve longstanding questions about carbon flux during photosynthesis and improve our understanding of R_L by explaining its metabolic origin, physiological significance in carbon balance during photosynthesis, and regulation under varying environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soybean Variety Improves Canopy Architecture and Light Distribution to Promote Yield Formation in Maize-Soybean Strip Intercropping.","authors":"Kai Luo, Xiaoting Yuan, Kejing Zhang, Zhidan Fu, Ping Lin, Yiling Li, Yuze Li, Tian Pu, Xiaochun Wang, Wenyu Yang, Taiwen Yong","doi":"10.1111/pce.70214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In maize-soybean strip intercropping (MSI) and maize-soybean relay strip intercropping (MSR) systems, shading by maize reduces soybean leaf photosynthetic capacity and dry matter accumulation, threatening soybean yield. Selecting appropriate soybean varieties is effective for minimising the yield loss caused by shading and achieving stable soybean production. Field experiments were conducted during 2021-2022 to evaluate the effects of sole soybean (SS), MSI and MSR planting patterns on the growth and yield of four soybean cultivars (GQ8, GX7, ND25 and NN996). Soybeans in the MSI and MSR systems exhibited compensatory growth after maize harvest, driven by recovery of the light environment. Compared to SS, MSR sustained the yield of later-maturing and highly branching cultivars (ND25 and GQ8), whereas yields of all varieties in the MSI system decreased by 24.2%-37.1%. Although the MSR system reduced whole-canopy photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) transmittance and biomass accumulation during the vegetative stage, maize harvest at the flowering stage significantly improved light conditions. The PAR transmittance of MSR in the middle and lower soybean canopies increased to > 70%, enhancing photosynthetic rates by 5.1%-19.0% and 3.9%-55.6%, respectively, compared to SS. Compared to MSI, MSR promoted soybean branching and branch leaf formation, increasing leaf number by 17.4%-63.1%, resulting in a comparable leaf area index to SS during the grain filling stage. MSR increased biomass in medium- and late-maturing cultivars by 5.6%-21.3%, but reduced that of the early-maturing NN996 by 8.8%-14.7%. Therefore, medium- and late-maturing soybean cultivars with strong branching capacities are suitable for relay intercropping systems. Their extended growth duration and abundant branching help optimise canopy structure, enhance light interception efficiency and duration, and compensate for early biomass loss, contributing to yield stability or improvement. Our results offer valuable guidance for optimising cultivar selection and planting strategies in maize-soybean intercropping systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Root Tissue, Molecular and Hormonal Interplay Shape Soil Stress.","authors":"Md Atikur Rahman, Md Mahadi Hasan","doi":"10.1111/pce.70217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70217","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Older Leaves Regulate Stomatal Development in Younger Leaves via Sucrose Transporter Systems Through Two Different Modes.","authors":"Zi-Meng Yao, Xin-Ran Liu, Jing-Wen Wang, Yi-Bo Wang, Lai-Sheng Meng","doi":"10.1111/pce.70213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70213","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of a Marine Diatom Response to the Interaction of Warming and Iron Limitation.","authors":"Zexi Liu, Ziteng Wang, Yueqi Zhu, Jie Han, Jiayu Chen, Hailong Huang, Weizhong Chen, Feixue Fu, Xinwei Wang, Haibo Jiang","doi":"10.1111/pce.70206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diatoms play important roles in ocean primary production, the biological carbon pump and global carbon cycles. Their biomass is often limited by iron (Fe) in most ocean waters and is widely affected by global warming. However, the interactive effect of warming and Fe limitation on diatoms has not yet been revealed. Here, we found that Fe limitation inhibited the growth of Phaeodactylum tricornutum, but this inhibition could be alleviated by warming. Fe limitation combined with warming affected most metabolic pathways, including ribosomes, Fe acquisition, photosynthesis and respiration. However, the strategies of P. tricornutum response to warming varied across different temperature ranges under Fe limitation. Under Fe limitation, P. tricornutum enhances catabolism via upregulating the proteolytic pathway while suppressing ribosome biosynthesis/assembly when the temperature is elevated from sub-T_opt to T_opt, but conversely upregulates the ribosome biosynthesis/assembly and suppresses the catabolism pathways when the temperature is elevated from T_opt to super-T_opt. These findings revealed that the varied mechanisms of marine diatoms' response to the interaction of Fe limitation and warming depended on the difference between the habitat temperature and their optimal temperatures. Our results provide new insights into the changing trends in diatoms' responses to global warming in Fe-limited regions, with significant implications for ocean productivity and marine biogeochemical cycles in a future changing climate.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overexpression of DRM2 Increases Resistance to Botrytis cinerea by Modulating JA Signalling Pathway in Tomato.","authors":"Miaoshuang Zhang, Hongyu Han, Yani Li, Menghan Zhang, Jiajie Lian, Mengshuang Geng, Jiuhai Zhao, Qian Chen, Huawei Zhai, Xianwen Meng, Chuanyou Li","doi":"10.1111/pce.70210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) is highly destructive and threatens tomato production and shelf life. While plant defence mechanisms against B. cinerea are well-studied, its epigenetic regulation remains largely unknown. DRM2-mediated de novo DNA methylation plays pivotal roles in plant development and stress adaptation, yet its contribution to tomato resistance against fungal pathogens remains largely unclear. In this study, we show that tomato with lower global DNA methylation levels exhibit stronger resistance to B. cinerea, revealing a key contribution of epigenetic regulation to plant immunity. To determine the role of DRM2 in tomato defence against B. cinerea, we conducted an integrative multi-omics analysis. Further investigation revealed that overexpression of DRM2 promoted jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation and activated the JA-mediated signalling pathway, thereby enhancing tomato resistance to B. cinerea. Particularly, DRM2 was shown to bind the promoter of AOS, a key gene in JA biosynthesis, modulating its epigenetic state. Overall, this study uncovers the epigenetic mechanisms governing plant defence against B. cinerea and identifies a promising candidate gene for breeding tomatoes with enhanced disease resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting Microbial Taxonomic and Functional Colonisation Patterns in Wild Populations of the Pan-Palaeotropical C4 Grass, Themeda triandra.","authors":"Riley J Hodgson, Christian Cando-Dumancela, Tarryn Davies, Elizabeth A Dinsdale, Michael P Doane, Robert A Edwards, Craig Liddicoat, Shawn D Peddle, Sunita A Ramesh, Jake M Robinson, Martin F Breed","doi":"10.1111/pce.70205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interactions between native plants and soil microbiota are not well characterised, despite growing recognition of their importance for host plant fitness and ecological functioning. We used shotgun metagenomics to examine microbial taxonomic and functional colonisation patterns in wild populations of the pan-palaeotropical C4 grass, Themeda triandra, across a globally representative aridity gradient (aridity index 0.318-0.903). We investigated these patterns through the two-step selection process whereby microbes are recruited from bulk soils into rhizospheres (soil on the root surface), and root interiors (endospheres). We provide clear evidence of this process through decreasing microbial taxonomic diversity from bulk soil to T. triandra roots. Surprisingly, microbial functional potential showed the opposite trend: the diversity of potential functions (exponent of Shannon's diversity) increased from bulk soil to the rhizosphere and endosphere, but functional richness did not. Finally, we found that increasing aridity was associated with rhizospheres that were more compositionally similar, yet remained highly diverse in functional potential. Overall, aridity is strongly associated with the root-associated microbiome of T. triandra, selecting for microbiota that likely support plant resilience under dry conditions. Furthermore, microbial functional potential closely tracks taxonomic composition and aridity trends, highlighting how native plants can shape their microbial communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}