Synthetic MetalsPub Date : 2024-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117802
Emerson C.G. Campos , Denis A. Turchetti , Raquel A. Domingues , Leni C. Akcelrud
{"title":"Viscochromism in a dual emitter metallopolymer containing terbium ions","authors":"Emerson C.G. Campos , Denis A. Turchetti , Raquel A. Domingues , Leni C. Akcelrud","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synthetic polymers containing lanthanide ions have emerged as materials with potential application in many areas, mainly due to the unique luminescent properties of these ions that complement those of their organic counterparts. The aim of this work is to strengthen the concept of chain rigidity in the emissive properties of this type of structures as previously proposed. For this purpose, the solvation effect on chain conformations was used as a probe, assuming that the higher the viscosity, the less mobile the chain will become. The higher rigidity as compared to the previous one was achieved by three ways: replacing the previous <em>ter</em>-pyridine sites by the less bulky <em>di</em>-pyridine ones; increasing the number of complexed lanthanide ions from 20 % to 80 % (molar basis) and inserting double bonds in place of single ones. The dual-emissive conjugated copolymer composed by fluorene-bipyridine units carrying complexed terbium ions, was synthesized and characterized by structural, thermal and photophysical measurements. The terbium emission occurs in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and <em>N,N</em>–dimethylformamide (DMF) only, and its luminescence was not observed in other solvents tested. The photophysical measurements strongly suggest that the lanthanide luminescence is brought about by solvent effect in polymer’s main chain, minimizing non-radiative energy losses by restriction of intramolecular motion (RIM) due to properties of poor solvents and their high viscosity. These factors combined promoted aggregation-induced emission (AIE).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117802"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Synthetic MetalsPub Date : 2024-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117801
Vignesh Rajendran, K.R. Justin Thomas
{"title":"Recent advances and importance of triphenyl acrylonitrile system as an aggregation-induced emitter","authors":"Vignesh Rajendran, K.R. Justin Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aggregation-induced emitters (AIEgens) have emerged as versatile materials capable of meeting the demands of diverse applications, including optoelectronic devices, bioimaging, chemical sensing, and addressing environmental and industrial challenges. Among the various molecules exhibiting aggregation-induced emission (AIE), tetraphenylethylene (TPE) has been extensively studied due to its robust AIE activity. Current research focuses on modifying TPE structures to fine-tune their optoelectronic properties for specific applications. Triphenyl acrylonitrile (TPAN), a derivative of TPE where one phenyl group is replaced with a cyano group, has garnered significant attention. The strong electron-withdrawing nature cyano group enhances electronic properties of the materials. Dipolar compounds based on TPAN exhibit notable intramolecular charge transfer, in addition to well-established AIE properties and mechanofluorochromism. This review highlights recent advancements in the design of AIEgens incorporating TPAN, including systems based on carbazole, pyrene, triphenylamine, and other heterocycles. Where available, comparisons are made between AIEgens derived from TPE and TPAN, providing insights into the advantages and unique characteristics of each system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117801"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Synthetic MetalsPub Date : 2024-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117800
Kuladip G. Belekar , Sumita S. Patil , Shraddha B. Bhosale , Sambhaji S. Kumbhar , Ganesh D. Jadhav , Vinayak G. Parale , Chandrakant D. Lokhande , Hyung-Ho Park , Pranav K. Katkar , Umakant M. Patil
{"title":"Amorphous, binder-free cobalt manganese phosphate cathodes prepared by SILAR method for asymmetric supercapacitors: Harnessing cationic synergy","authors":"Kuladip G. Belekar , Sumita S. Patil , Shraddha B. Bhosale , Sambhaji S. Kumbhar , Ganesh D. Jadhav , Vinayak G. Parale , Chandrakant D. Lokhande , Hyung-Ho Park , Pranav K. Katkar , Umakant M. Patil","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rational design of electrode materials with structural flexibility and robust electroactive sites governed by the synergy of cations in bimetal compounds is obligatory to maximize the efficiency of energy storage devices. In light of this, amorphous nanoparticles of cobalt manganese phosphate thin film [Co<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>3-x</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·nH<sub>2</sub>O] electrodes (S-CMP series) with different compositions of Co and Mn cations are prepared via the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method in the present work. The cobalt manganese phosphate (CMP) nanoparticles thin films were directly used as binder-free active electrodes, and synergy between cations (Co:Mn) at optimal composition (∼0.75:0.25) provides a maximum specific capacitance of 743 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 2.8 A g<sup>−1</sup>, with 90.6 % capacitance retention over 4000 cycles. Additionally, an asymmetric aqueous supercapacitor (AAS) and an asymmetric solid-state supercapacitor (ASSS) devices were evaluated in 1 M KOH and PVA-KOH as aqueous and gel electrolytes, respectively, using as-prepared CMP (S-CMP-4) as the cathode material and rGO as the anode material. High specific energies of 45.31 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> and 16.29 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> at specific powers of 0.79 kW kg<sup>−1</sup> and 0.82 kW kg<sup>−1</sup> are displayed by the AAS and ASSS devices, respectively. Based on the practical demonstration of an ASSS device to power 201 red LEDs, the cobalt manganese phosphate thin film cathodes seem to offer insights into commercialization. Overall, the remarkable electrochemical performances of both AAS and ASSS devices thus demonstrate that amorphous, nanoparticle-like cobalt manganese phosphate thin film prepared by SILAR are efficient binder-free cathodes for prospective applications in energy storage devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117800"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Synthetic MetalsPub Date : 2024-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117797
Adrian Pizano, Raju Lampande, Robert Cawthorn, Noel C. Giebink
{"title":"Drift-diffusion modeling of blue OLED degradation","authors":"Adrian Pizano, Raju Lampande, Robert Cawthorn, Noel C. Giebink","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid degradation of blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is an ongoing challenge for the display and lighting industry. Bimolecular exciton annihilation reactions are one of the leading causes of molecular degradation in these devices, but are so far quantified mostly by fitting data to simplified rate equation models that crudely approximate the exciton and charge carrier densities in the recombination zone while neglecting the other layers in the device entirely. Here, we implement a rigorous drift-diffusion-based degradation model and compare its luminance fade and voltage rise to that of a corresponding rate-based model for a prototypical exciton-polaron-based degradation scenario. We find that the luminance fade predicted by the rate model yields functionally similar, but quantitatively different results than the drift-diffusion simulation, though reasonable agreement can be achieved by using effective values for the annihilation rate coefficient and hot polaron degradation probability. Importantly, the drift-diffusion model indicates that trap state defects formed in the emissive layer lead to only a minor increase in voltage, whereas those formed in the transport layers lead to a larger increase that is on par with experiment. These results suggest that OLED luminance loss and voltage rise largely originate from different sets of defect states formed in the emissive and transport layers, respectively, and that rate model degradation parameters fit from experiment should be viewed as effective values that do not directly correspond to the rate of the actual microscale processes occurring in the device.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117797"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Synthetic MetalsPub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117795
Nilufer Kocyigit , Sule Dinc Zor , Ozlem Yagci , Sefika Busra Uzuncam , Melih Besir Arvas
{"title":"ZnO-NF/Graphene/Nafion as electrode platform for some pharmaceutical active ingredients sensor and energy storage applications","authors":"Nilufer Kocyigit , Sule Dinc Zor , Ozlem Yagci , Sefika Busra Uzuncam , Melih Besir Arvas","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a simultaneous sensor for the detection of paracetamol (PAR)and ibuprofen (IBU). The sensor is based on a ZnO nanoflower/Graphene/Nafion coated glassy carbon electrode (ZnO NF/GR/Nafion/GCE) and a supercapacitor electrode with the same electrode component. The morphological characterisation of the prepared sensor and supercapacitor electrode was conducted via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), structural characterisation by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, chemical characterisation by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman analysis. The electroactivity and selectivity of the ZnO NF/GR/Nafion sensor platform towards IBU and PAR were simultaneously investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Electrochemical tests of the sensor were conducted in a three-electrode electrochemical system in 0.1 M B-R buffer (pH 4.0). The linear ranges of the ZnO NF/GR/Nafion sensor towards PAR and IBU were determined in the range of 1.0 and 1000.0 μM. The detection limits for PAR and IBU were calculated as 0.28 µM and 0.31 µM, respectively. In real sample analyses, the efficiency of the investigated sensor in different drug formulations was found to respond to PAR and IBU with high recovery (99.05 % and 103.35 %). The supercapacitor electrode was prepared by changing the same electrode component, amounts and ratios of the components. The performance of the supercapacitor electrode was investigated in the potential range from 0 V to 1.2 V in PVA-H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> electrolyte. The supercapacitor electrode demonstrated a specific capacitance of 488.1 F g<sup>−1</sup> at a scan rate of 5 mV s<sup>−1</sup> and a capacitance value of 405.5 F g<sup>−1</sup> at a current density of 7 mA.cm<sup>−2</sup>. In this study, the ZnO NF/GR/Nafion/GCE hybrid electrode produced is used as both sensor and supercapacitor electrode material and operates in dual mode. The production method is cheap and simple, and no additional modifications are needed in the production of electrode components. In this study, for the first time in the literature, the electrode material with ZnO NF/GR/Nafion/GCE component is used in the analysis of some pharmaceutical active ingredients and in supercapacitor applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117795"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Synthetic MetalsPub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117796
Elena V. Shchurik , Sergey G. Vasil’ev , Olga A. Kraevaya , Ivan S. Zhidkov , Alexander F. Shestakov , Chunwang Lv , Sergey M. Aldoshin , Pavel A. Troshin
{"title":"Redox-active phthalocyanine-based frameworks produced by pyrolysis: Promising electrode materials for low-cost potassium batteries","authors":"Elena V. Shchurik , Sergey G. Vasil’ev , Olga A. Kraevaya , Ivan S. Zhidkov , Alexander F. Shestakov , Chunwang Lv , Sergey M. Aldoshin , Pavel A. Troshin","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this manuscript, we present a scalable approach to the design of advanced organic redox-active materials by pyrolysis of simple low molecular weight precursors. A cascade of condensation reactions occurring under pyrolysis of 3,6-dihydroxyphthalodinitrile produced a covalent organic framework with phthalocyanine units. Spectroscopic characterization supported by DFT calculations revealed that the obtained material has a porous membrane-like structure, which is favorable for ionic transport. The potassium batteries using the designed organic redox-active material as a working electrode delivered a specific discharge capacity of ∼100 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at the high current density of 1 A g<sup>−1</sup> with the average discharge potential of ∼3 V. These characteristics, in combination with the simple synthesis, pave the way to the practical implementation of the designed material in ultrafast, scalable and low-cost stationary batteries, which are urgently needed for electric grids operating with any considerable contribution from renewable energy sources due to their high variability. The proposed material design concept deserves further exploration and might lead to a big family of redox-active organic frameworks with superior electrochemical characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117796"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Synthetic MetalsPub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117794
Maziyar Sabet
{"title":"Innovations in carbon nanotube polymer composites: Electrical, thermal, and mechanical advancements for aerospace and automotive applications","authors":"Maziyar Sabet","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review critically examines recent advancements in carbon nanotube (CNT) polymer composites, focusing on innovative synthesis, functionalization, and fabrication strategies that enhance their mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Special emphasis is placed on their applications in aerospace and automotive industries, where these composites have demonstrated the potential to achieve weight reductions of up to 40% and fuel efficiency improvements of 20–25%. This work identifies key challenges, such as achieving uniform CNT dispersion and robust interfacial bonding, while addressing scalability issues in large-scale production. Comparative evaluations with traditional materials underscore the environmental and performance benefits of CNT composites. A comprehensive analysis of advanced fabrication techniques, along with a detailed summary table, provides technical insights and outlines pathways for future research and industrial implementation. This review aims to guide the development of next-generation lightweight, high-performance materials for critical engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 117794"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Synthetic MetalsPub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117798
Jae Ho Kim , Sumin Oh , Chaehyun Park , Yubin Kim , Gyumok Lim , Youngu Lee , Jin Woo Choi , Hyung Woo Lee , Myungkwan Song
{"title":"Enhanced performance of solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes with TEMPOL derivatives","authors":"Jae Ho Kim , Sumin Oh , Chaehyun Park , Yubin Kim , Gyumok Lim , Youngu Lee , Jin Woo Choi , Hyung Woo Lee , Myungkwan Song","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports novel solution-processed 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPOL)-derivative organic compounds in a widely employed hole-injection/transport poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) layer. The TEMPOL-derived organic dopants, synthesized via a one-step chemical procedure, exhibited distinctive molecular dipole characteristics and electrical conductivities. The green organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with a 4-benzene sulfonyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidenyloxy radical (TBS)-doped PEDOT:PSS layer exhibited a maximum power efficiency (PE<sub>max</sub>) of 25.58 lm W<sup>−1</sup>, maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE<sub>max</sub>) of 12.19 %, and maximum current efficiency (CE<sub>max</sub>) of 40.85 cd A<sup>−1</sup>, demonstrating significant improvements compared with the pristine PEDOT:PSS layer-based device. The PE<sub>max</sub> (16.18 lm W<sup>−1</sup>), EQE<sub>max</sub> (10.67 %), and CE<sub>max</sub> (37.01 cd A<sup>−1</sup>) were obtained with fiber OLEDs under same conditions. This enhancement in OLED performance can be attributed to the decreased hole-injection barrier at the anode and emissive layer interfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117798"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Synthetic MetalsPub Date : 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117786
Betül Nur Balkaş , Elif Bilgen , Özgün Akdağ , Zafer Odabaş , Ali Rıza Özkaya
{"title":"Dimethoxyphenoxy alpha-substituted metal-free, and metal phthalocyanines: Electrochemical redox, in-situ spectroelectrochemical and electrochromic properties","authors":"Betül Nur Balkaş , Elif Bilgen , Özgün Akdağ , Zafer Odabaş , Ali Rıza Özkaya","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, (2,3-dimethoxy)phenoxy alpha-substituted CoPc (<strong>2</strong>) and CuPc (<strong>3</strong>) complexes were newly synthesized and spectrally characterized. The electrochemical, <em>in situ</em> spectroelectrochemical, and electrochromic properties of CoPc (<strong>2</strong>), CuPc (<strong>3</strong>), ZnPc (<strong>4</strong>), and H<sub>2</sub>Pc (<strong>5</strong>) were also investigated. This investigation discussed the electron-releasing effect of the methoxy (-OCH<sub>3</sub>) groups on the outermost part of the molecule compared with a previously reported (2,6-dimethoxy)phenoxy cobalt phthalocyanine. The results revealed that changing the binding positions of the substituting groups of the phthalocyanines led to detectable changes in the redox properties of complexes. The CoPc (<strong>2</strong>) showed additional redox processes and in situ spectroelectrochemical changes under potential during these processes compared to other complexes due to the redox-active nature of the metal center. Thus, the electrochromic features of the films of these complexes on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrodes were also identified and discussed. The films of the complexes displayed promising electrochromic responses with reversible redox processes, fast coloration, and high optical stability. ITO/CoPc (<strong>2</strong>) had the best electrochromic properties among these phthalocyanine films thanks to its rich redox nature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 117786"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Synthetic MetalsPub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117784
Imran Khan , Anwar ul Haq Ali Shah , Salma Bilal , Philipp Röse
{"title":"Potentiostatic synthesis of polyaniline zinc and iron oxide composites for energy storage applications","authors":"Imran Khan , Anwar ul Haq Ali Shah , Salma Bilal , Philipp Röse","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces an efficient potentiostatic method to enhance the energy storage performance of polyaniline (PN) by synthesizing PN@ZnO (PNZ), PN@Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (PNF), and PN@ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (PNZF) hybrid electrodes with defined porous morphology. The precise selection and control of the working potential during electro-polymerization and metal oxide integration using the linear sweep voltammetry was key for synthesizing the polymer hybrid electrodes reproducible and with defined composition and structure. The PNZF electrode demonstrated the highest specific capacitances of 816 F g<sup>−1</sup> and 791.3 F g<sup>−1</sup> at a scan rate of 5 mV s<sup>−1</sup> and 1.0 A g<sup>−1</sup> current density, along with high power density and energy density of 1058.4 W kg<sup>−1</sup> and 136.4 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup>, and with excellent stability retaining 90 % over 4000 cycles. We could attribute the excellent performance to a low charge transfer resistance of 25.0 Ω, a predominantly surface-controlled charge storage mechanism, and a porous morphology with uniform distribution of ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> particles in the polymer network, all resulting from the electrochemical synthesis method. Our study provides valuable and new insights into the structural, optical, and electrochemical properties of PN composites, particularly PNZF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 117784"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}