Synthetic Metals最新文献

{"title":"Modulation of Luttinger liquid behavior by multi-channel electron transport in aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube arrays","authors":"Mingming Li ,&nbsp;Wenxiang Wang ,&nbsp;Yang Wu ,&nbsp;Zheng Wei ,&nbsp;Jiawang You ,&nbsp;Yongjun Li ,&nbsp;Lianfeng Sun ,&nbsp;Tao He","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the case of one-dimensional systems, Luttinger liquid states are typically anticipated, which have previously been identified primarily in nanoscopic devices fabricated from isolated bundles of single- or multi-walled carbon nanotubes. In this study, the electrical transport properties of aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube arrays were investigated. The resistance of both aligned arrays and those covered with metal Mo exhibits a strong dependence on temperature, demonstrating a power-law relationship of <em>R∼T</em>^{–<em>α</em>} below 100 K. The Luttinger liquid behavior was modulated by tuning the electron-transport channels via alerting the number of walls that contribute to the conductance within the multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The exponent <em>α</em>, derived theoretically as a parameter that depends on the number of conducting channels, exhibits minimal variation across the arrays and declines rapidly with the tubular structure opening due to the solid-solid reaction between the magnetron-sputtered molybdenum and the carbon atoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 117782"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative electrofluorochromism of rhodamine in electropolymerized rhodamine-carbazole dyads","authors":"Jennifer Calderon-Mora ,&nbsp;Baptiste Maillot ,&nbsp;Jean-Frédéric Audibert ,&nbsp;Philippe Decorse ,&nbsp;Isabelle Bonnamour ,&nbsp;Roxanne Mollandin de Boissy ,&nbsp;Florian Guier ,&nbsp;Ulrich Darbost ,&nbsp;Vitor Brasiliense ,&nbsp;Fabien Miomandre","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A rhodamine-carbazole dyad has been synthesized and electropolymerized to generate thin films. The spectroelectrochemical properties of the resulting polymer are investigated both in absorption and emission. We show that the luminescence of the rhodamine unit is partially quenched by the carbazole moiety and this quenching is strongly enhanced upon oxidation. A reversible switch of the emission intensity between two redox states is demonstrated, but the stability is strongly dependent on the film thickness and proportion of carbazole in the polymerization medium. This luminescence quenching can be used to follow the electropolymerization reaction since a strong decrease of intensity occurs as soon as the oxidative coupling reaction starts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 117779"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-low dark current and high sensitivity lead-free perovskite–like photodetector realized by anti-solvent optimization Cs3Bi2I9 amorphous film","authors":"Hengkang Zhang ,&nbsp;Leyan Yin ,&nbsp;Yurui Wang ,&nbsp;Yuxing Chen ,&nbsp;Shiyan Liu ,&nbsp;Qiufeng Ye ,&nbsp;Kuankuan Ren ,&nbsp;Zhiyao Yao ,&nbsp;Bingquan Wang ,&nbsp;Bo Yao ,&nbsp;Gang He ,&nbsp;Qing Yu ,&nbsp;Xinmin Lv ,&nbsp;Zebo Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compared with lead halide perovskite, bismuth-based perovskite has lower toxicity and air stability, demonstrating enormous potential for application, among them, Cs₃Bi₂I₉ materials has been researched as an alternative to lead-based perovskite for application of optoelectronic devices. It is crucial for the realization of high-performance photodetectors which need high-quality perovskite thin films. Here, we prepared a lead-free, all-inorganic, Cs₃Bi₂I₉ perovskite-like amorphous films by spin coating method, and diethyl ether was added as an anti-solvent at different times of spin-coating. The results show that the homogeneous and dense Cs₃Bi₂I₉ amorphous films can be obtained by adding anti-solvent at 14 s. Furthermore, Cs₃Bi₂I₉ perovskite-like UV photodetector achieved extremely low dark current around ∼ pA range, high sensitivity of 1.10 × 10⁴ was fabricated. Our research shows that the preparation of Cs₃Bi₂I₉ amorphous films by the simple antisolvent-assisted spin-coating method are very promising for optoelectronic device.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 117780"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xanthan gum biopolymer gated low voltage-operating photo synaptic organic field-effect transistor for neuromorphic electronics","authors":"Bishwajit Mandal ,&nbsp;M. Raveendra Kiran ,&nbsp;Samarendra Pratap Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low voltage-operating light-stimulated organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are attracting huge attention due to their potential for developing photonic neuromorphic synapse-based neural networks resembling the human brain. The OFETs based on environment friendly biocompatible materials and processability are highly desired for realizing photo synaptic elements. In this report, we demonstrate a low voltage-operating Xanthan gum-gated poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl) thieno[3,2-<em>b</em>] thiophene) [PBTTT-C14] based OFETs, exhibiting photo synaptic behavior at <span><math><mo>−</mo></math></span>0.3 V. The basic photo response parameters such as photoresponsivity, detectivity, and photocurrent to dark current ratio of the OFETs are estimated to quantify the photo synaptic behavior of the OFETs. We report the fundamental neurobiological characteristics such as excitatory post-synaptic current (EPSC), pair pulse facilitation (PPF), short-term plasticity (STP), long-term plasticity (LTP), learning-forgetting-memorizing (LFM), and conversion of STP to LTP for the Xanthan gum-gated PBTTT-C14-based OFETs. Furthermore, we showcase the electronic \"OR\" logic operations by employing the OFETs and replicate the Pavlovian conditioning experiment to mimic the associative learning phenomenon. Using these photo synaptic OFETs, we replicate human emotion and mood-swing-dependence learning and memory behavior which is an important aspect of cognitive learning. The OFETs exhibit fairly low energy consumption <span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>100 pJ per optical operation to perform synaptic responses. We interpret and attribute the observed neuromorphic behavior to the charge-trapping occurring at the semiconductor-dielectric interface and bulk traps in OFETs. The presented results broaden opportunities to the device communities for building artificial complex neural networks using energy-efficient bio-polymer gated photo synaptic OFETs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 117778"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on the recent progress in thermoelectric aerogels: Fabrications, generators, marine harvesting, sensors, and thermocells applications","authors":"Nawal Alghamdi ,&nbsp;Ahmed G. El-Shamy","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermoelectric (TE) aerogels, as new class of TE materials, and their devices have recently captured the attention of the scientific community, as they have the features of both TE materials and aerogels in harvesting heat to electricity, low density, high porosity, super-low thermal conductivity, abundance, affordability and being environmentally friendly compared to the traditional TE materials. Therefore, the progress in fabrication processes of organic, inorganic and their hybrid aerogels has been extensively grown nowadays to obtain desirable TE aerogels and overcome their limitations in terms of low figure of merit (<em>zT</em>), scalability, mechanical durability, long-term stability, and reliability of flexible and stretchable thermoelectric aerogels are challenges today. This drives the researchers, in the last two decades, to increase the development of TE aerogels and reach the unobtainable TE modules, with new and desirable modular architectures (thicknesses/surfaces) and bendable features at the same time. Therefore, this study does not only introduce a summary of recent works in terms of their (organic, inorganic, and/or hybrid) structures, fabrication methods, TE functions, and key factors impacting TE functions and their related mechanisms, but it answers some important questions such as: Why is the aerogel considered as an important TE material?. And another question is: Is it possible to achieve a polymeric (PEDOT:PSS and/or others) aerogel with high electrical conductivity σ &gt; 100 Scm⁻¹ and low thermal conductivity <em>k</em> &lt; 100 mWmK⁻¹ without any additives?. And also another pivotal question: To what extent can aerogels replace the traditional TE materials?. Then, the wide range/variety of TE aerogel applications such as generators, single, dual and/or multifunction sensors, internet of things (IoT), thermocells, and ocean (marine) energy harvesting have been briefly described. In conclusions, the highlights on the current challenges and some preliminary proposals for future work perspectives are offered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 117776"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and synthesis of pyridine-bridged benzothiazole-based D-A system for SRAM memory devices","authors":"Asit Hait ,&nbsp;Varghese Maria Angela ,&nbsp;Paliyottil Kesavan Bhagyanath ,&nbsp;Predhanekar Mohamed Imran ,&nbsp;Nattamai.S.P. Bhuvanesh ,&nbsp;Samuthira Nagarajan","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focused on designing small donor-acceptor (D-A) frameworks for resistive memory devices. We synthesized five new organic molecules using pyridine bridged to benzothiazole and various donor moieties (triphenylamine, naphthalene, benzothiophene, t-butyl phenyl, and mesityl group) via Suzuki cross-coupling to study their memory performance. The compounds with triphenylamine and naphthalene exhibited good semiconductor behavior, with a band gap of 3.11 eV and 3.44 eV, respectively. The benzothiazole moiety, employed as a shallow trap in the acceptor segment, demonstrated the SRAM characteristics of all devices. This study examined how varying the potency of electron-donating substituents impacts charge transfer and volatile memory behavior in a small D-A system. Memory devices with triphenylamine and naphthalene donors showed binary SRAM behavior with high ON/OFF ratios of 2.82 × 10³ and 2.36 × 10³, while t-butylphenyl and mesityl donors exhibited lower ratios of 1.43 × 10¹ and 4.08 × 10¹, respectively. All the compounds exhibited switching characteristics at a low threshold voltage of −1 to −1.3 V. The analysis of HOMO, LUMO energy levels, and ESP images of all compounds from the DFT study, collectively indicate charge transfer and trapping are the operative mechanisms in volatile SRAM devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 117777"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergetic effect of hexaferrite and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in photothermal therapy and hyperthermia applications","authors":"Muhammad Jamshaid Shabbir ,&nbsp;Ruqyya Aqeel ,&nbsp;Miqdad Hassan ,&nbsp;Farhan Sadiq ,&nbsp;Imran Sadiq ,&nbsp;N. Bano ,&nbsp;Abdul Moqeet Hai ,&nbsp;Robert C. Pullar ,&nbsp;Muhammad Raheel ,&nbsp;Muhammad Talha Arif ,&nbsp;Samreen Saeed ,&nbsp;Saira Riaz ,&nbsp;Shahzad Naseem","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research article describes the synthesis of composite materials by combining T-type hexagonal ferrite and reduced Graphene Oxide using the standard ceramic process. The Calcium-based T-type hexagonal ferrite was synthesized by using the sol-gel auto-combustion method while the reduced graphene oxide by adopting the Hummer method. The crystallite size varied in the range of 23.38 -39.16 nm as calculated from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. Consequently, the lattice parameters 'a' and 'c' decreased from 5.9 to 5.1 Å and from 29.92 to 28.32 Å, respectively. The use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed a range of particle sizes at the surface, varying from 1.70 nm to 3.85 nm. Moreover, the saturation and remanence magnetization values demonstrated an increasing trend with T-type hexaferrites concentration whereas the coercivity decreased. The UV–vis near-infrared spectra exhibited substantial light absorption, characterized by a wide absorption range in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) region (700–1100 nm) which indicates its use in Photothermal therapy (PTT). The Calcium T- type hexaferrite exhibited clear peaks in the blue, green, violet, and yellow spectra in its photoluminescence (PL) properties. These peaks are believed to be caused by oxygen vacancies and defects. The synthesized samples displayed a lossy behavior in the polarization-electric field (P-E) loop, with saturation polarization levels exceeding remnant polarization, which is an amenable condition for lossy behavior. Most importantly, the synthesized materials had significant thermal responses when exposed to an alternation (AC) magnetic field, indicating their potential use in magnetic hyperthermia applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 117775"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An investigation into effects of heteroatom-tailored donor engineering on thermoelectric performance of cyclopentadithiophene-based copolymers","authors":"Hui-Ping Li ,&nbsp;Cai-Yan Gao ,&nbsp;Yongjie Chen ,&nbsp;Xin-Heng Fan ,&nbsp;Ying-Feng Li ,&nbsp;Lian-Ming Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The past years have witnessed the rapid development of organic conjugated polymer thermoelectric (TE) materials profiting from new combinations of popular donor and acceptor units as well as the exploration for novel classes of donors and/or acceptors. Nevertheless, the relationship between the structures and properties of those TE materials remains far less known due probably to the complexity of variables involved in this regard. Factually, minimizing structural variables is more helpful to gain an in-depth insight into the structure–property relationship. In this work, two D<img>A alternative copolymers were designed and synthesized by the Stille coupling reaction of the difluorinated benzotriazole acceptor unit with the N- or Si-substituted cyclopentadithiophene (CPD) donor unit, and systematically compared with the previously reported C-substituted analogue to reveal the influence of the heteroatom-tailored donor engineering on the molecular configuration and the physicochemical properties of the polymers. As a result, the FeCl₃-doped N-substituted polymer harvested a largest Seebeck coefficient of approximately 162.4 µV K⁻¹ as well as a highest electrical conductivity of about 12.8 S cm⁻¹, profiting primarily from a higher carrier mobility resulting from the good π<img>π stacking and a shallower HOMO level. As anticipated, a best power factor was achieved to be around 11.6 µW m⁻¹ K⁻², which is around one order of magnitude higher than that of the Si-substituted one, even much higher than that of C-substituted P(CPD-BTA-2F). This research is expected to afford an important guidance for purposefully designing the high-performance TE polymers in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 117774"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photonic device application of a self-driven MXene based nanocomposite","authors":"Kadir Demirelli ,&nbsp;Ayşegül Dere ,&nbsp;Esra Barım ,&nbsp;Hülya Tuncer ,&nbsp;Fahrettin Yakuphanoğlu","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MXene based ternary composite photonic device was fabricated and characterized for the detection of different illuminations. The single chain polymer-cobalt phthallocyanine (SCP-CoPc) carrying metallised pthalocyanine macro ring was used as a polymer for the preparation of ternary composite. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) were used to differentiate MXene/ZnO/SCP-CoPc composite prepared. The presence of Ti, C, O, Zn and Co elements in the structure of the composite was confirmed by EDX. The electrical properties of planar interdigital coated MXene/ZnO/SCP-CoPc (1:1:1 by wt) were investigated for photovoltaic application. The photo-generated carriers contribute to the current flow, and the linear photoconductivity behaviour in current measurements with different illuminations such as 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mW/cm² indicates the possible photo device use of MXene/ZnO/SCP-CoPc nanocomposite. The photocurrent increased from 20 mA/cm² to 100 mA/cm² with the light intensity at 0.5 V was tuned from 28 to 280 μA. The forbidden energy gap (Eg) value of the MXene/ZnO/SCP-CoPc ternary composite from optical measurements was found to be 2.36 eV. Experimental results showed that the presence of SCP-CoPc and ZnO (zinc oxide) in the ternary nanocomposite increased the ε' and ε\" values of MXene. The ε′ and ε″ of the ternary composite is 13.0, 26217 at 1 kHz and room temperature, respectively. The current-time results suggest that MXene based ternary composite photonic device is a self driven photodevice as the device can detect light without any external voltage bias.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 117770"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning structural and optical properties of GO@Mn-doped Co3O4 hybrid nanocomposite by a facile synthesis","authors":"Khizar Hayat,&nbsp;Misbah Kiran,&nbsp;Muhammad Imran Yousaf","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2024.117771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal and metal oxide materials are mostly used to tune the optical characteristics. The optical and systemic effects of pure Cobalt Oxide (Co₃O₄) are examined by knocking out the dissimilar assemblage of Manganese (Mn) ions using the co-precipitation method. Graphene oxide (GO) reduces the optical band gap and enhances the effects of ethical Co₃O₄ and MnCo₃O₄ by hydrothermal procedure. The percentage of Mn over pure Co₃O₄ was 0.09 wt%, 0.18 wt%, 0.27 wt%, and GO doped over MnCo₃O₄ was 1 wt%. Remarkably, spinel-type cobalt oxide has two participation band gaps at 494 nm and 772 nm of nanocomposites which then shifted from 494 nm to 510 nm and 772 nm to 779 nm with the doping of GO. The result describes that the band gap was minimized from 1.76 eV to 1.59 eV respectively to accommodate the density of states by doping of Mn ions and GO. Conductivity and optical absorbance were also increased by doping assemblage of Mn ions and GO. XRD peaks show the FCC crystalline structure of Co₃O₄, and the GO peak disappeared for @MnCo₃O₄, indicating that GO was completely reduced to rGO during the synthesis process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 117771"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}