Enhancing electrochemical energy storage performance of graphene oxide with 1,5-naphthalene diamine in supercapacitors application

Abstract

Enhancing the electrochemical performance of carbon-based materials for energy storage devices typically involves key strategies, such as intentionally modifying the composition through functionalization. This study demonstrated the performance of functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) electrodes for supercapacitors (SCs) modified using 1,5-naphthalene diamine (1,5-NPDA). We have synthesized GO and FGO structures using a gentle, efficient approach under environmentally friendly conditions for high-performance SCs. Morphological investigation was carried out through field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images and the layered structure with appropriate porosity was recorded. In addition, characterization tests such as Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), elemental mapping, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) confirmed the studied FGO's structure and its suitability for use in the SC system. The as-prepared FGO has a high specific capacitance (Cs) of 1125 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹ in 1 M LiClO₄ electrolyte. This electrode provides the energy density of 90 Wh kg⁻¹ at the highest amount of a power density of 8.133 kW kg⁻¹ with a 97.2 % capacitance retention after 10000 cycles. These carbon-based electrode materials offer valuable insights and a theoretical foundation for utilizing FGOs in energy storage. The results of this study, particularly regarding energy density and power density, opened up new possibilities for using FGO in SCs and reinforced optimism about addressing the limitations of SCs, specifically their low energy density.