Synthetic Metals最新文献

{"title":"Investigating charge mobility of alternating copolymers: The role of comonomers and electron-lattice interaction","authors":"D. Morais,&nbsp;W.S. Dias","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unraveling the intricate interplay between charge carriers and molecular vibrations is vital to enhancing charge transport in organic semiconductors. In this study, we employ a tight-binding model calibrated with density functional theory (DFT)-derived parameters to investigate the influence of intermolecular vibrations on the charge transport properties of two specific copolymers: Thienothiophene-Phenylene (Tt-Ph) and Thiophene-Pyrrole (Th-Py). Our findings reveal the emergence of self-trapped excitations with soliton-like profiles, whose mobility is primarily governed by both the electron-lattice interaction and the on-site energies of the comonomers. Stronger electron-lattice coupling reduces the velocity of such hybridized excitations, eventually rendering them dynamically localized (localized) for electron-lattice interactions above a critical strength <em>χ</em>_<em>c</em>. Extending the analysis to potential alternating copolymer chains, the power-law fitting <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub><mo>∝</mo><msup><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>χ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub><mo>−</mo><mi>χ</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>∕</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> for the velocity of soliton-like modes suggests a universal behavior of the underlying charge-lattice coupling. Furthermore, we unveil a nonlinear dependence between the critical carrier-lattice interaction <em>χ</em>_<em>c</em> and the effective difference in on-site energies of the comonomers, underscoring the delicate interplay between copolymer structure and charge-lattice interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 117861"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Up-and-coming MXene-based nanohybrids for electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensing: A brief review","authors":"Ainul Maghfirah ,&nbsp;Henry Setiyanto ,&nbsp;Grandprix T.M. Kadja","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A brand-new 2D material, MXene, has gained huge popularity due to its desirable properties for various applications, including biosensing. The high conductivity, hydrophilicity, and specific surface area of MXene are advantageous in promoting electrochemical activities. Over the past five years, MXene has demonstrated promising performance as a supportive material in non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors. Further, the electrode containing MXene-based nanohybrids have shown their feasible applicability in detecting glucose concentration from real human serum and sweat samples. This review discussed the recent progress in glucose detection by non-enzymatic sensors based on MXene nanohybrid and the electrochemical performance of the resulting electrode. Moreover, we highlighted some outlooks for further developing non-enzymatic glucose sensors based on MXene nanohybrids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 117863"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel synthesis of reduced graphene oxide-decorated antimony sulfide nanoparticles via pulsed laser ablation in liquid for photovoltaic applications","authors":"Ali K. Shakir ,&nbsp;M.D. Nurhafizah ,&nbsp;Amer Al-Nafiey ,&nbsp;Rafea Tuama Ahmed ,&nbsp;Mohammed S. Hadi","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-decorated antimony sulfide (Sb₂S₃) nanocomposite was successfully synthesized using the pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) technique. A 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser was employed to ablate an Sb₂S₃ target submerged in Chlorobenzene containing rGO sheets, facilitating a one-step, environmentally friendly synthesis process. The rGO-Sb₂S₃ nanocomposite exhibited improved optical absorption properties and reduced bandgap energy (1.62 eV) compared to pure Sb₂S₃ (1.90 eV) and rGO (1.32 eV), attributed to enhanced interactions between rGO and Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles. Comprehensive characterization, including UV–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), micro-Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), confirmed the successful formation of rGO-Sb₂S₃ with well-dispersed Sb₂S₃ nanospheres (2–20 nm) anchored onto rGO sheets. The synergistic properties of rGO and Sb₂S₃, including improved charge separation and broad light absorption, make this nanocomposite a promising candidate for photocatalytic and photovoltaic applications. This work highlights the potential of PLAL for scalable, reproducible, and efficient synthesis of advanced nanocomposites for energy and environmental applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 117862"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semi-planar-semi-twisted selenophen-containing narrow bandgap small molecules for efficient polymer solar cells","authors":"Weiping Wang ,&nbsp;Baofeng Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiahao Liu ,&nbsp;Liuchang Wang ,&nbsp;Tianyi Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Cong ,&nbsp;Haimei Wu ,&nbsp;Zhi Yang ,&nbsp;Zihui Meng ,&nbsp;Chao Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymer solar cells (PSCs) containing small molecule electron acceptors (SMAs) with twisted backbones offer many advantages over flat molecules, including the ability to move molecular energy levels, enhanced charge extraction properties, higher extinction coefficients, longer carrier lifetimes, and lower recombination rates. Collectively, these advantages contribute to the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs. However, the restricted absorption spectra of twisted SMAs present a challenge to further performance improvement. To address this issue, three acceptor-π-donor-π’-acceptor-type SMAs with indacenodiselenophene (IDSe) segment as the electron-giving unit and halogenated end groups were designed and synthesized. Taking advantage of the strong electron donating ability of the IDSe fusing ring core and the introduced isomerized π bridged segments, all SMAs exhibit red-shifted absorption in the near-infrared region and successfully generate a semi-planar semi-twisted backbone. When blended with J52, the devices of the two halogenated SMAs (<strong>h-IDSe-4F</strong> and <strong>h-IDSe-4Cl</strong>) showed preferable exciton dissociations, low recombination rates, balanced and high charge mobilities, leading to high efficiencies of 9.33 % and 9.03 %, higher than the 5.07 % of the <strong>h-IDSe</strong>-based device. This work demonstrates that tuning the planarity of the conjugated backbone, fine-tuning the core unit, and halogenation substitutions in the end groups have a significant impact on regulating the light-harvesting and performance of organic photovoltaic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 117864"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proton exchange assisted charge conduction and enhanced humidity sensitivity of polyvinyl pyrrolidone incorporated polyaniline","authors":"Debadrita Dasgupta,&nbsp;Jayanta Das,&nbsp;Sauradeep Das,&nbsp;Biswajit Saha","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyaniline has been prepared by a chemical in situ polymerization process using ammonium peroxodisulphate (APS) as the polymerizing agent. The prepared polyaniline was mixed with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) at different weight percentages in aqueous medium and painted on paper substrates. The electrically conductive flexible polyvinyl pyrrolidone incorporated polyaniline (P-PVP) samples show superior resistive sensitivity with varying relative humidity of the environment at room temperature. Addition of polyvinyl pyrrolidone into polyaniline powder reduced the electrical conductivity of the composites which in turn increased the sensitivity towards relative humidity. Electrical charge conduction processes in the prepared P-PVP samples were studied to analyze the resistive humidity sensing properties. The systematic and notable response of resistive behavior of the samples with humidity variation has been the key inspiration for studying the humidity sensing behavior of the prepared samples. The effect of compositional variation with different polyvinyl pyrrolidone content has also been studied. The experimental observations indicate that the P-PVP system can be a potential candidate as an active electronic material for designing lightweight, and portable humidity sensor on flexible substrate, adaptable to various technologies. The reported sensor system having deposited on a paper substrate has become cost-effective, and biodegradable, and thus it can be employed as a use-and-throw type humidity sensor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 117858"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing electrochemical energy storage performance of graphene oxide with 1,5-naphthalene diamine in supercapacitors application","authors":"Atefeh Omidi-Dargahi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Bigdeloo ,&nbsp;Ali Ehsani ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Bigdeloo","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing the electrochemical performance of carbon-based materials for energy storage devices typically involves key strategies, such as intentionally modifying the composition through functionalization. This study demonstrated the performance of functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) electrodes for supercapacitors (SCs) modified using 1,5-naphthalene diamine (1,5-NPDA). We have synthesized GO and FGO structures using a gentle, efficient approach under environmentally friendly conditions for high-performance SCs. Morphological investigation was carried out through field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images and the layered structure with appropriate porosity was recorded. In addition, characterization tests such as Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), elemental mapping, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) confirmed the studied FGO's structure and its suitability for use in the SC system. The as-prepared FGO has a high specific capacitance (Cs) of 1125 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹ in 1 M LiClO₄ electrolyte. This electrode provides the energy density of 90 Wh kg⁻¹ at the highest amount of a power density of 8.133 kW kg⁻¹ with a 97.2 % capacitance retention after 10000 cycles. These carbon-based electrode materials offer valuable insights and a theoretical foundation for utilizing FGOs in energy storage. The results of this study, particularly regarding energy density and power density, opened up new possibilities for using FGO in SCs and reinforced optimism about addressing the limitations of SCs, specifically their low energy density.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 117855"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-operando investigation of Purcell effect on efficiency roll-off in top-emitting phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes","authors":"Mina Riahi,&nbsp;Kou Yoshida,&nbsp;Liam G. King,&nbsp;Ifor D.W. Samuel","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficiency roll-off is a major issue for applications of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) that require high brightness. The underlying processes leading to efficiency roll-off in phosphorescent OLEDs include triplet-polaron (TPA) and triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA). Hence, decreasing the triplet exciton lifetime by enhancing radiative decay rates can be an effective method to manage efficiency roll-off in phosphorescent OLEDs. Here we use <em>in-operando</em> measurement to study the Purcell effect and engineer efficiency roll-off. By changing the cavity parameters and measuring electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminescence (PL) on operating devices, we find that devices with higher Purcell factor have a smaller efficiency roll-off, suggesting a route to improve the performance of OLEDs in high brightness applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 117848"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene and CNT-based hybrid nanocomposite and its application in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices","authors":"Hafsa Shabbir ,&nbsp;Muhammad Pervaiz ,&nbsp;Rubab Shahzadi ,&nbsp;Zohaib Saeed ,&nbsp;Rana Rashad Mahmood Khan ,&nbsp;Umer Younas","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The quest for advanced materials and innovative materials in energy storage and conversion has sparked interest in combining graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), leveraging their strengths to create high-performance composites. This paper explores advanced methods in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and hydrothermal techniques enhanced through specific modifications and meticulously adjusting synthesis parameters that refine the integration of graphene and CNT hybrid synthesis. The comprehensive overview of the hybrid application in energy conversion and storage is highlighted along with challenges and addressing the limitations for future research. The hybrid role is more advantageous strategically by putting research efforts on Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and Perovskite solar cell (PSC) than other solar cells as the material shows improved stability and reduced dependence on expensive pt in Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Also, the hybrid opens the way for commercialization and long-term stability of PSCs through innovations in hybrid electrode designs and interfacial engineering. A promising direction is also shown by the hybrid in improving various fuel cell performances such as Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFCs), Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFCs), and Solid Oxide Fuel cell (SOFCs). In lithium-ion batteries, the hybrid design promotes ion mobility and increased cycling reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117847"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and computational analysis of nitrobenzofurazan-based non-fullerene acceptors for organic solar cells: A DFT and molecular dynamics simulation study","authors":"Balkis Abdelaziz ,&nbsp;Salah Bouazizi ,&nbsp;Bouzid Gassoumi ,&nbsp;Salvatore Patanè ,&nbsp;Sahbi Ayachi","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the design of innovative nitrobenzofurazan (NBD)-based non-fullerene acceptors (NFA), labeled as Ai (i = 1–5), using density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in acetonitrile. These donor-acceptor small molecules incorporate nitro or fluorine substituents into the NBD core to enhance non-fullerene organic solar cells (NF-OSCs) performance. The electron-withdrawing nature of these groups reduces frontier orbital energy levels, improving electronic properties critical for device efficiency. Intermolecular energies, including electrostatic and Lennard-Jones interactions, were calculated for Ai/acetonitrile mixtures, providing insight into interaction potentials. DFT and TD-DFT analyses revealed the molecules’ geometric structure, optoelectronic features, optical behavior, and charge transport properties of the designed molecules. These compounds exhibit narrower band gaps ranging from 2.25 to 1.67 eV, along with high absorption maximum (λ_max between 463 and 472 nm). Furthermore, the lower binding energies (E_b = 0.48–0.55 eV), indicate enhanced exciton dissociation efficiency, driven by significant charge transfer from donor to acceptor, as confirmed by FMOs, PDOS, MEP, and TDM analyses. The designed molecules exhibit remarkable photovoltaic performance, including higher open-circuit voltages (V_oc) and large fill factors (FF). Among these, A₄ emerges as the most promising candidate due to its reduced optical bandgap, maximum absorption wavelength, and superior electronic and photovoltaic properties. Blending A₄ with an NBD-based donor highlights efficient charge transfer dynamics, reinforcing its strong potential for practical applications in OSCs. This work highlights the potential of NBD-based NFAs in advancing NF-OSC technology, providing a platform for designing efficient, high-performance photovoltaic materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117846"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of bipolar host materials based on indolocarbazole derivatives for green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes","authors":"Jinwoong Hong ,&nbsp;Chul Woong Joo ,&nbsp;Baeksang Sung ,&nbsp;Jooho Lee ,&nbsp;Ye ji Hyeon ,&nbsp;Dasol Kim ,&nbsp;Hyunji Park ,&nbsp;Jinhwa Kim ,&nbsp;Jonghee Lee ,&nbsp;Yun-Hi Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, new host materials were developed to enhance the limited bipolar characteristics of the thermally stable indolocarbazole (ICz) moiety by incorporating phenylcarbazole (PCz), an electron donor, and dibenzothiophene (DBT), an electron acceptor, which has distinct carrier transport properties. The newly synthesized hosts, <strong>ICz-PCz</strong> and <strong>ICz-DBT</strong>, exhibited excellent thermal stability, with T₅% values of 370 °C and 371 °C, respectively, and triplet energies of 2.86 eV and 2.87 eV. Therefore, these hosts are suitable for use in green phosphorescent OLEDs (PhOLEDs). Additionally, electrochemical and single-carrier device analyses revealed that the substitution of DBT improved electron transport properties compared with PCz. The enhanced electron mobility of DBT, attributed to its acceptor characteristics, was validated through single-carrier device measurements, demonstrating superior performance over PCz. Consequently, PhOLEDs using <strong>ICz-DBT</strong> achieved a notable external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 23.15 %, underscoring the effectiveness of our strategy to synthesize thermally stable bipolar host materials. The proposed solutions overcome thermal stability issues that could improve OLED performance, longer device lifespans, and expanded applications in harsh environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 117845"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}