BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES最新文献

{"title":"Newly discovered documents about Grigor Zohrap’s activity","authors":"Miqayel Martirosyan","doi":"10.52837/27382702-2022.2-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52837/27382702-2022.2-90","url":null,"abstract":"After the publication of the monograph “The chronicle of the life and activities of Grigor Zohrap” by Prof. Albert Sharuryan it would seem that all episodes of Zohrap’s life had been revealed. Yet the study of Russian-German diplomatic clash in regard to the Armenian reforms in 1913 shows that G. Zohrap was actively involved not only in that process but he also functioned as the main negotiator from the Armenian side, a fact which remained un-noticed by historians and philologists. While the Armenian national delegation headed by Poghos Nubar was the official body representing the Armenian problem to great powers in Europe, in Constantinople the official negotiating body was the Commission of Safety of Armenian Patriarchy. G. Zohrap was one of the five members of the Harassing commission which supported the Safety commission who in the course of negotiations became the main actor. His participation in the negotiations was hidden by Russian diplomacy and by the Armenian circles and G. Zohrap himself. He was a member of the Ottoman parliament and it would be quite dangerous since the Young Turks could accuse him of treachery. The documents presented in the article deal with the meetings of G. Zohrap with the first translator of the Russian embassy A.N. After the publication of the monograph “The chronicle of the life and activities of Grigor Zohrap” by Prof. Albert Sharuryan it would seem that all episodes of Zohrap’s life had been revealed. Yet the study of Russian-German diplomatic clash in regard to the Armenian reforms in 1913 shows that G. Zohrap was actively involved not only in that process but he also functioned as the main negotiator from the Armenian side, a fact which remained un-noticed by historians and philologists. While the Armenian national delegation headed by Poghos Nubar was the official body representing the Armenian problem to great powers in Europe, in Constantinople the official negotiating body was the Commission of Safety of Armenian Patriarchy. G. Zohrap was one of the five members of the Harassing commission which supported the Safety commission who in the course of negotiations became the main actor. His participation in the negotiations was hidden by Russian diplomacy and by the Armenian circles and G. Zohrap himself. He was a member of the Ottoman parliament and it would be quite dangerous since the Young Turks could accuse him of treachery. The documents presented in the article deal with the meetings of G. Zohrap with the first translator of the Russian embassy A.N. Mandelstam on August 20, 21, and 24, September 1-2, 1913 and the second translator of the German embassy Schönberg on August 30. These documents are kept in the archive of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin. In the documents Zohrap’s name is missing but the comparison of documents of Great powers and memories of contemporaries comes to prove that it was he who negotiated on behalf of the patriarchy. After the end of the meetings G. Zohrap came to the Saf","PeriodicalId":222100,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125743977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some Observations On Yusuf Akçura And His Article “Three Ways Of Policy","authors":"N. Minasyan","doi":"10.52837/27382702-2022.1-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52837/27382702-2022.1-53","url":null,"abstract":"In his article, “Three Ways of Policy”, Yusuf Akçura, one of the founders of the ideology of Pan-Turkism, summarizes the political discussions in Ottoman society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In this article he analyzes the doctrines of Ottomanism, Pan-Islamism, and Pan-Turkism. The author argues that the doctrines of Ottomanism and Pan-Islamism have exhausted themselves and are failed policies for the Empire. Additionally, he expounds the effectiveness of the policy of Pan-Turkism and formulates its conceptual principles. The purpose of this article is to analyze the main doctrines presented in Akçura's famous work. The mainly focuses was on the ideology of Pan-Turkism and the author's observations connected with it. In this context, we have considered the idea of Turkic unity, which is still relevant today. He presents two important circumstances: first, he talks about other Turkic peoples and brings the ideas of Turkic unity to the political agenda. Second, Akçura understands earlier that the multiethnic Ottoman Empire must become a nation-state, which the author connects with Pan-Turkism. Akçura's Pan-Turkism ideas continue to be viable because even today the ideas of Turkic unity have an important place in Turkey's domestic and foreign policy agendas.","PeriodicalId":222100,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES","volume":"11 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129749175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Conference\"Armenia-Iran. Historical Past And The Present\"","authors":"G. Iskandaryan","doi":"10.52837/27382702-2022.1-178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52837/27382702-2022.1-178","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":222100,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116329219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Word Gat‘A In The Armenian Language","authors":"Hasmik Hmayakyan","doi":"10.52837/27382702-2022.1-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52837/27382702-2022.1-120","url":null,"abstract":"Գաթայ gat‘ay (pronounced gat‘a in the modern Eastern Armenian) is an ancient traditional festive cake, which was baked during various Armenian celebrations. Its baking process was sometimes itself accompanied by special traditions. However, it should be noted that the word gat‘a used today, which means ‘cake in the form of bałarĵ (traditional Armenian festive bread) containing abundant fat and sugar’is not found in ancient Armenian sources. Gat‘ay is met for the first time in Vardan Aygektsi’s fable ‘The Pig and Gata’ in the following passage:\u0000«Ասաց 'ի առակաց, թէ խոզն գաթայ մի գտեալ ուտէր. նայ խորիսն 'ի վայր կու թափէր եւ վասն պարանոցին միաբերութեան զի վիզն ոչ կարէր շեղել. որ զգլուխն 'ի վեր կալնուր. յայնժամ բերընցիք'ի վեր անկեալ եւ ետես արեգակն. զի խոզն զբոլորութիւն արեգականն աչօք չէ տեսեալ։ Եւ այնժամ ասաց, թէ զոր չէի կերեր, կերայ եւ զինչ չէի տեսեալ, տեսայ. զի այլ ոչ գաթայ էր կերեր եւ ոչ արեգակն տեսեր։\u0000\"It is said in a fable that a pig was eating gat‘ay it had found, the pig was dropping xoriz as it was not able to move its neck as it was attached to its head. As soon as it raised its head in order to raise its mouth it saw the sun. The pig had never seen the entire sun disk. And then it said I ate what I have never eaten and I saw what I have never seen. If it had not eaten gat‘ay, it would have never seen the sun ’. The word գաթայ (gat‘ay) is encountered often in Middle Armenian including in medieval lyric poetry․","PeriodicalId":222100,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124314487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Military-Political Confrontations In The Khanates Of The South Caucasus In 1768-1774 And Erekle II","authors":"David Merkviladze","doi":"10.52837/27382702-2022.1-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52837/27382702-2022.1-42","url":null,"abstract":"In 1768, Fatali Khan of Quba together with Hussein Khan of Shaki took Shamakhi. Soon, however, the former also tried to subdue the Shaki Khanate. For this purpose, Fatali offered King Erekle II of Kartli-Kakheti and Ibrahim Khan of Karabakh to campaign against the Shaki Khanate. But failed to get their consent. For his part, the Khan of Shaki asked Erekle II for help. The King demanded that Fatali Khan reconcile with the Khan of Shaki and threatened to provide military assistance to Hussein Khan.Ibrahim Khan of Karabakh also asked Erekle II for help in case of Fatali Khan’s aggression. Thus, an alliance between Erekle II, Hussein Khan and Ibrahim Khan against Fatali Khan was formed. The allies aimed to restore the rule of Aghasi Khan in Shamakhi, even on the condition of vassalage to Fatali Khan. In case of refusal, they intended to return the Quba Khanate to its former borders.The Russian government tried to limit the activity of Erekle II in the ongoing confrontation between the South Caucasian Khans. Nevertheless, in 1770, Erekle II sent an army to Ibrahim Khan of Karabakh to repel the attack of Fatali Khan. As a result, Fatali Khan’s campaign in Karabakh ended in failure. In November-December 1773, the Avar Khan Muhammad-Nutsal IV, along with Hussein Khan and Aghasi Khan, campaigned to Shamakhi. King Erekle helped the Avars militarily. Erekle II sent a detachment of Muslim Borchaly Kazakhs against Fatali Khan, in order to make the participation of his subordinates less noticeable. But this did not go unnoticed by Russian intelligence. At the same time, it is incorrect to name Erekle II as an ally of the Dagestani leaders united against Fatali Khan in the subsequent campaign of 1774. The King’s participation in the hostilities during this campaign is not confirmed by any source.","PeriodicalId":222100,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132096222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Soviet Economic Border Controls: East-West Dimension","authors":"Oksana Ermolaeva","doi":"10.52837/27382702-2022.1-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52837/27382702-2022.1-75","url":null,"abstract":"In most studies early Soviet borders are explored as sites of confrontational interactions between the newly created communist state and local communities. Alternatively, they emerge in scholarly research as spaces of illegal transborder exchanges and commodities transfers, resulting in the loss of official revenues and gains for informal economies. Later, in increasingly politicized contexts, these interactions resulted in the gradual “cleansing” and “sealing” of borders. The current article argues that to regain control over the borders during their transition from bridgeheads of the revolution and commodity transit zones to hermetically sealed barriers and fortress walls that occurred throughout the 1920s - 1930s, the Soviet state for some time struggled in vain to discipline not only local communities, which used the newly created borders for their own means, but multiple border controllers themselves - border guards, but primarily the customs apparatus located along Russia’s lengthy borders. For almost a decade in the specific conditions of Eastern and Northwestern Soviet border sectors, the latter refused to abide to increasingly restrictive working conditions, abandon their privileges and rights, and to submit to the new border control agency the Soviet Main Political Directorate (GPU).","PeriodicalId":222100,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES","volume":"182 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124927796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Водные проблемы в отношениях Ирана и Афганистана","authors":"Армен Исраелян","doi":"10.52837/27382702-2022.1-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52837/27382702-2022.1-88","url":null,"abstract":"Водные проблемы между Ираном и Афганистаном являются следствием демаркации границы между двумя странами на разных исторических этапах. За последние 150 лет между Ираном и Афганистаном было подписано четыре соглашения об использовании воды пограничных рек, но они так и не были реализованы в полной мере. В итоге стороны обвинили друг друга в невыполнении взятых на себя обязательств. В силу ряда объективных и субъективных факторов нерешенность водного вопроса на сегодняшний день создала атмосферу недоверия между Ираном и Афганистаном, препятствующую развитию программ, направленных на долгосрочное сотрудничество. Вопрос водных ресурсов является очень чувствительным вопросом для Ирана и Афганистана. Возникновение экологических, сельскохозяйственных, экономических, социальных, правовых, политических и военных факторов, на протяжении десятилетий еще больше осложнило ситуацию. Каждая сторона представляет обоснованные аргументы для защиты своих прав относительно использования воды пограничной реки Гильменд. Однако подписанный в 1973 г. и единственный действующий на сегодняшний день договор при наличии вышеперечисленных факторов не в состоянии решить возникшие проблемы. В условиях глобального потепления, роста населения и растущего спроса на продукты питания стороны не могут прийти к консенсусу по продлению существующего соглашения или подписанию нового. В статьях иранских и афганских авторов в основном можно заметить попытку обосновать официальные подходы данной страны относительно водной проблемы. Среди доступных источников по этому вопросу - исследования, проведенные бывшим заместителем министра иностранных дел Ирана Аббасом Арагчи по «водной дипломатии», в которых, помимо обсуждения проблем, предлагаются решения. В рамках данной статьи оценивается роль воды в пограничных спорах между Ираном и Афганистаном в разные исторические периоды. Объективно представлены позиции сторон по вопросу о правах на воду, оценены и проанализированы существующие риски.","PeriodicalId":222100,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130599605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enclitic Pronouns In The Anbarāni Dialect Of Talyshi","authors":"H. Avchyan","doi":"10.52837/27382702-2022.1-129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52837/27382702-2022.1-129","url":null,"abstract":"Enclitic pronouns are used in most of New West Iranian languages. They are mainly used for marking the possessor, as well as objects, besides, those Iranian languages and dialects, which show ergative patterns, make use of enclitic pronouns for marking the agent in ergative constructions. This paper deals with the enclitic pronouns and their functions in Anbarāni, one of the Northern Talyshi dialects, spoken in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Where it is possible the features of Anbarāni enclitics will be compared with some other West Iranian languages.","PeriodicalId":222100,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131981387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Казахстан-Монголия: 30 лет дипломатического сотрудничества","authors":"Жалгас Адилбаев","doi":"10.52837/27382702-2022.1-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52837/27382702-2022.1-168","url":null,"abstract":"В данной статье описываются итоги 30-летного сотрудничества между Казахстаном и Монголией. Дипломатические отношения между Республикой Казахстан и Монголией установлены 22 января 1992 года. Состоявшиеся визиты Президента Монголии Н.Багабанди в 1998г. в Казахстан и визит Президента Республики Казахстан Н.Назарбаева в 1999г. в Монголию придали новый импульс развитию двусторонних отношений. С 1991г. по сегодняшний день между двумя странами было подписано более 40 соглашений и договоров. Официальный визит Премьер-министра Монголии У.Хурэлсуха в Казахстан 10-12 октября 2019 года запомнился своей масштабностью и содержательностью. За этот период проведено 8 заседаний МПК двух стран. Сегодня двусторонние отношения стабильно развиваются. Однако, в перспективе межгосударственные отношения между Казахстаном и Монголией должны выйти на новый этап развития. Для этого сторонам необходимо активизировать отношения на высшем уровне. Например, в этом году обсуждается организация официального визита Премьер-Министра Казахстана в Монголию. Активизация межпарламентского сотрудничества между двумя странами также присутствует в повестке обсуждения. Культурно-гуманитарные отношения двух стран имеют большие перспективы․","PeriodicalId":222100,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121255024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Phenomenon Šiltāqāt And Its Reflections In The Armenian Historical Milieu","authors":"G. Margaryan","doi":"10.52837//27382702-2022.1-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52837//27382702-2022.1-22","url":null,"abstract":"Since the end of the XIV century, in official documents and written sources on the history of the Ilkhanate, the term šiltāqāt is often found, the meaning of which is still not fully understood. The interpretation of the term was often given without regard to the substantive characteristics of the word: šiltāqāt is interpreted partially, sometimes conflicting, and approximately meaningful comments are given. Šiltāqāt has been interpreted as an illegal tax, a tax levied under various pretexts, a pretext or extraordinary tax, generally as a collective name for lawless taxes, etc. Moreover, what was the meaning and application of šiltāqāt? If it was a tax, in what amount, where, how, and under what circumstances was it levied? Surely, since the Ilkhanid period šiltāqāt was levied on the subject peoples, and hence the term should have been reflected in the reports of the economic life of those same peoples. In particular, the article deals with the mention of šiltāqāt in the Armenian sources, the use and semantic meanings of the term or phenomenon. Interestingly, during the post-Ilkhanid period until the early 16th century, the term does not occur in Armenian sources at all. However, later on, begining from the 16th century in Armenian historical sources, and interestingly, also in various Armenian dialects, the term (sometimes in a distorted form) is often found, as well as a description of the phenomenon. The purpose of this article is to collect all the information and references to šiltāqāt in the Armenian sources, and on the basis of this as additional historical material, try to make clarifications of šiltāqāt, its application, meaning, etc. by means of source analysis.","PeriodicalId":222100,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132099013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}