Sustainability最新文献

{"title":"Research on the Green Transition Path of Airport Development under the Mechanism of Tripartite Evolutionary Game Model","authors":"Yangyang Lv, Lili Wan, Naizhong Zhang, Zhan Wang, Yong Tian, Wenjing Ye","doi":"10.3390/su16188074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188074","url":null,"abstract":"Since existing studies primarily explore green development measures from the static perspective of a single airport stakeholder, this paper constructs an evolutionary game model to analyze the strategic choices of three key stakeholders: airport authorities, third-party organizations, and government departments, based on evolutionary game theory. By solving the stable strategy of the tripartite evolution using the Jacobian matrix, the green transition of airport development can be divided into three stages: “initiation”, “development”, and “maturity”, allowing for the exploration of key factors influencing the green transition of airport development. A simulation analysis is conducted based on real Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport data. The results indicate that the tripartite evolutionary game strategy is stable at E4(0,0,1), and the green transition of Baiyun Airport remains in the development stage. By improving the reward and punishment mechanisms of government departments, the evolutionary game strategy can be stabilized at E8(1,1,1), promoting the green transition of airport development toward the mature stage. By adjusting the game parameters, the dynamic process of green transition in airports at different levels of development and under varying regulatory environments can be effectively captured, supporting the precise formulation of corresponding policies.","PeriodicalId":22183,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142265380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speed Limits in São Paulo and the Actions for Road Safety and Air Quality","authors":"Douglas Gonçalves, Regina Maura de Miranda, Celio Daroncho, Janini de Oliveira Dias da Silva, Fabrício Rodrigues Teixeira, João Augusto Dunck Dalosto, Pedro José Pérez-Martínez","doi":"10.3390/su16188065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188065","url":null,"abstract":"Studies carried out have revealed that every day around three thousand people lose their lives in the world due to traffic accidents and poor air quality. Large cities, with their millions of inhabitants and vehicles, face many problems relating to vehicular traffic. In 2015, the speed limit was modified on several roads in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. However, in 2017, the speed limits were increased again, but not on all previous routes. This study analyzed the impact of this change on the number of accidents and pollutant concentrations, over a period of ten years, comparing the periods before and after the implementation of the measure, using real data collected and provided by the authorities of the city and the state transit and environmental companies, on more than forty routes and two nearby air-quality stations. The results showed a clear reduction in the number of accidents without victims on the roads of the city of São Paulo, starting in 2010. Although the restrictive measures imposed by government officials may have contributed to the decrease in the number of accidents, the number of fatalities has not changed so much. Air pollution has not improved substantially with speed changes, as new speed increases have been linked to new episodes of congestion. The average number of fatalities due to accidents has been increasing since 2010 and accidents are becoming more serious. The application of a general linear statistical model (GLM) estimated the impact of the speed reduction policy in terms of the number of injuries avoided per month: 43.4 and 14.1 on other roads and on the Pinheiros highways, respectively. The results highlight the need for a constant data collection by the authorities in cities with high vehicle traffic. The important temporal time trend in terms of reduction of injuries, but not in terms of fatalities and air quality, shows the need to apply joint public policies, not only speed reduction, but also the use of new technologies and raising drivers’ awareness of the problem.","PeriodicalId":22183,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142265377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Technological Environmental Design and Energy Interventions in the Residential Building Stock: The Pilot Case of the Small Island Procida","authors":"Giada Romano, Serena Baiani, Francesco Mancini","doi":"10.3390/su16188071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188071","url":null,"abstract":"The next decade will see severe environmental and technological risks, pushing our adaptive capacity to its limits. The EPBD Case Green directive, to counter this phenomenon, emphasizes accelerating building renovations, reducing GHG emissions and energy consumption, and promoting renewable energy installations. Additionally, it calls for deadlines to phase out fossil fuels and mandates solar system installations. This research provides a comprehensive perspective on the opportunities for and challenges of incorporating renewable energy into the built environment. It focuses on the 2961 residential buildings on Procida, a small island located south of Italy, to efficiently utilize energy resources and lay the groundwork for sustainability. Beginning with an analysis of the territorial, urban, historical–conservation, structural, and geological context, in addition to environmental assessments, the research develops a classification and archetypalization system using in-house software. This system aggregates data on the island’s residential buildings, analyzes their current state, and formulates various intervention scenarios. These scenarios demonstrate how integrating technological–environmental design interventions, such as upgrading the building envelope and enhancing bioclimatic behavior, with energy retrofitting measures, such as replacing mechanical systems and installing solar panels, can improve the overall performance of the existing building stock and achieve energy self-sufficiency.","PeriodicalId":22183,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142265381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Forest Management on the Sustainability of Community Areas in Northern Inland Portugal: A Simulated Case Study Assessment","authors":"André Sandim, Dalila Araújo, Teresa Fonseca, Maria Emília Silva","doi":"10.3390/su16188006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188006","url":null,"abstract":"The northern inland region of Portugal has experienced significant population decline due to the exodus of younger generations and an aging population. This has led to the abandonment of traditional activities in these territories, contributing to territorial abandonment, degradation of local economic conditions, increased social vulnerability, and a heightened risk of rural fires. The presence of communal lands, known as “baldios”, is an important facilitator for implementing actions that revitalize local villages, making them more attractive to the community. Forests, which are abundant in the baldios of northern inland Portugal, have the potential to generate environmental, social, and economic value through carbon sequestration, job creation, population stabilization, and wealth generation in the villages. However, the viability of this asset as a driver for sustainable development depends on the forest management model implemented. This case study aims to demonstrate that different forest management models have varied impacts on sustainability indicators, particularly economic and environmental sustainability. Based on naturally regenerated forests in the Carvalhelhos baldio in the Tâmega Valley region, data were collected to simulate in software four management scenarios, varying the number (0 to 4) and age of thinnings until the final cut. The simulation allowed for the calculation of the following economic indicators: Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Present Value (NPV), and Net Profitability Index (NPI), as well as environmental indicators related to carbon capture and accumulation, such as Gross Carbon Accumulation, Net Carbon Accumulation, Carbon accumulated in dead and suppressed trees, and carbon balance per management model. The simulations indicate that, for the studied area, Scenario 2, which involves only one thinning, yielded the highest total wood volume (cubic meters per hectare) over the cycle, making it the most suitable for biomass production. Meanwhile, Scenario 4, with three thinnings, showed the best results for individual volume (cubic meters per tree), making it more suitable for producing higher-value logs. Scenario 5 presented the best economic results and carbon capture. In all simulations, Scenario 1 showed the worst performance in the analyzed indicators. It was found that the indicators varied among the studied crop plans, highlighting that the adoption of a silvicultural regime depends on the forest characteristics, objectives, exploitation conditions, and local population sensitivity to regional priorities.","PeriodicalId":22183,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution Characteristics and Genesis Mechanism of Ground Fissures in Three Northern Counties of the North China Plain","authors":"Chao Xue, Mingdong Zang, Zhongjian Zhang, Guoxiang Yang, Nengxiong Xu, Feiyong Wang, Cheng Hong, Guoqing Li, Fujiang Wang","doi":"10.3390/su16188027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188027","url":null,"abstract":"The North China Plain is among the regions most afflicted by ground fissure disasters in China. Recent urbanization has accelerated ground fissure activity in the three counties of the northern North China Plain, posing significant threats to both the natural environment and socioeconomic sustainability. Despite the increased attention, a lack of comprehensive understanding persists due to delayed recognition and limited research. This study conducted field visits and geological surveys across 43 villages and 80 sites to elucidate the spatial distribution patterns of ground fissures in the aforementioned counties. By integrating these findings with regional geological data, we formulated a causative model to explain ground fissure formation. Our analysis reveals a concentration of ground fissures near the Niuxi and Rongxi faults, with the former exhibiting the most extensive distribution. The primary manifestations of ground fissures include linear cracks and patch-shaped collapse pits, predominantly oriented in east-west and north-south directions, indicating tensile failure with minimal vertical displacement. Various factors contribute to ground fissure development, including fault activity, ancient river channel distribution, bedrock undulations, rainfall, and ground settlement. Fault activity establishes a concealed fracture system in shallow geotechnical layers, laying the groundwork for ground fissure formation. Additionally, the distribution of ancient river channels and bedrock undulations modifies regional stress fields, further facilitating ground fissure emergence. Rainfall and differential ground settlement serve as triggering mechanisms, exposing ground fissures at the surface. This research offers new insights into the causes of ground fissures in the northern North China Plain, providing crucial scientific evidence for sustaining both the natural environment and the socio-economic stability of the region.","PeriodicalId":22183,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Stakeholders in Elderly Community Retrofit Projects: A Tripartite Evolutionary Game Analysis","authors":"Li Guo, Ren-Jye Dzeng, Shuya Hao, Chaojie Zhang, Shuang Zhang, Liyaning Tang","doi":"10.3390/su16188016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188016","url":null,"abstract":"Renovating aging housing is a critical project at the grassroots of social governance and a significant aspect of public welfare. However, renovation processes often encounter difficulties due to conflicts among muti-level stakeholders, influenced by multiple factors. This paper investigates the stakeholders involved in Elderly Community Retrofit Projects (ECRPs), categorizing them into three primary groups: government organizations, renovation enterprises, and elderly families. Through the study of evolutionary game models, it was found that bounded rational actors continually adjust their optimal strategies in response to environmental changes. The government occupies a central role among stakeholders involved in ECRP. During renovation processes, governments and enterprises should provide elderly households with material or other welfare subsidies as much as possible to promote their active cooperation and participation. The integrity of enterprises is closely tied to the strength of governmental enforcement measures; hence, governments should establish a unified standard system, clarify regulatory content, and foster the orderly development of ECRPs.","PeriodicalId":22183,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Interaction Spillover Effect of Tourism Eco-Efficiency and Economic Development","authors":"Qi Wang, Qunli Tang, Yingting Guo","doi":"10.3390/su16188012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188012","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism eco-efficiency (TEE) is a pivotal metric for assessing tourism’s sustainability and the balance between human activities and the environment, significantly influencing regional economic growth (RGDP). This research utilizes a comprehensive analytical framework, combining the Super SBM-DEA model, the Malmquist index, and spatial econometric models, to analyze the spatial interplay between TEE and RGDP within the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) from 2009 to 2021. The results show that (1) TEE in the YREB exhibits a generally upward trajectory with fluctuations, with upstream and downstream regions consistently outperforming the midstream areas in terms of efficiency; (2) technological progress is identified as the primary driver behind efficiency variations; (3) and there exists a symbiotic relationship between local TEE and RGDP, where the economic prosperity of adjacent regions exerts a competitive pull on local TEE, while the TEE of neighboring areas can slow down local economic growth. The study concludes with strategic recommendations aimed at fostering regional collaborative advancement, offering valuable insights for the sustainable development agenda of nations and regions.","PeriodicalId":22183,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ensemble Learning Algorithms for Solar Radiation Prediction in Santo Domingo: Measurements and Evaluation","authors":"Francisco A. Ramírez-Rivera, Néstor F. Guerrero-Rodríguez","doi":"10.3390/su16188015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188015","url":null,"abstract":"Solar radiation is a fundamental parameter for solar photovoltaic (PV) technology. Reliable solar radiation prediction has become valuable for designing solar PV systems, guaranteeing their performance, operational efficiency, safety in operations, grid dispatchment, and financial planning. However, high quality ground-based solar radiation measurements are scarce, especially for very short-term time horizons. Most existing studies trained machine learning (ML) models using datasets with time horizons of 1 h or 1 day, whereas very few studies reported using a dataset with a 1 min time horizon. In this study, a comprehensive evaluation of nine ensemble learning algorithms (ELAs) was performed to estimate solar radiation in Santo Domingo with a 1 min time horizon dataset, collected from a local weather station. The ensemble learning models evaluated included seven homogeneous ensembles: Random Forest (RF), Extra Tree (ET), adaptive gradient boosting (AGB), gradient boosting (GB), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), light gradient boosting (LGBM), histogram-based gradient boosting (HGB); and two heterogeneous ensembles: voting and stacking. RF, ET, GB, and HGB were combined to develop voting and stacking ensembles, with linear regression (LR) being adopted in the second layer of the stacking ensemble. Six technical metrics, including mean squared error (MSE), root mean squared error (RMSE), relative root mean squared error (rRMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and coefficient of determination (R2), were used as criteria to determine the prediction quality of the developed ensemble algorithms. A comparison of the results indicates that the HGB algorithm offers superior prediction performance among the homogeneous ensemble learning models, while overall, the stacking ensemble provides the best accuracy, with metric values of MSE = 3218.27, RMSE = 56.73, rRMSE = 12.700, MAE = 29.87, MAPE = 10.60, and R2 = 0.964.","PeriodicalId":22183,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking Evapotranspiration Patterns on the Yinchuan Plain with Multispectral Remote Sensing","authors":"Junzhen Meng, Xiaoquan Yang, Zhiping Li, Guizhang Zhao, Peipei He, Yabing Xuan, Yunfei Wang","doi":"10.3390/su16188025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188025","url":null,"abstract":"Evapotranspiration (ET) is a critical component of the hydrological cycle, and it has a decisive impact on the ecosystem balance in arid and semi-arid regions. The Yinchuan Plain, located in the Gobi of Northwest China, has a strong surface ET, which has a significant impact on the regional water resource cycle. However, there is a current lack of high-resolution evapotranspiration datasets and a substantial amount of time is required for long-time series remote sensing evapotranspiration estimation. In order to assess the ET pattern in this region, we obtained the actual ET (ETa) of the Yinchuan Plain between 1987 and 2020 using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Specifically, we used Landsat TM+/OLI remote sensing imagery and the GEE Surface Energy Balance Model (geeSEBAL) to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of ET over different seasons. We then reproduced the interannual variation in ET from 1987 to 2020, and statistically analyzed the distribution patterns and contributions of ET with regard to different land use types. The results show that (1) the daily ETa of the Yinchuan Plain is the highest in the central lake wetland area in spring, with a maximum value of 4.32 mm day−1; in summer, it is concentrated around the croplands and water bodies, with a maximum value of 6.90 mm day−1; in autumn and winter, it is mainly concentrated around the water bodies and impervious areas, with maximum values of 3.93 and 1.56 mm day−1, respectively. (2) From 1987 to 2020, the ET of the Yinchuan Plain showed an obvious upward and downward trend in some areas with significant land use changes, but the overall ET of the region remained relatively stable without dramatic fluctuations. (3) The ETa values for different land use types in the Yinchuan Plain region are ranked as follows: water body > cultivated land > impervious > grassland > bare land. Our results showed that geeSEBAL is highly applicable in the Yinchuan Plain area. It allows for the accurate and detailed inversion of ET and has great potential for evaluating long-term ET in data-scarce areas due to its low meteorological sensitivity, which facilitates the study of the regional hydrological cycle and water governance.","PeriodicalId":22183,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Era of Digital Transition in the Prism of the Existential Threat of Job Loss: Corporate Social Responsibility","authors":"Irina Shestakova","doi":"10.3390/su16188019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16188019","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the question of the rate of digital progress in the context of the labour market. Specific features of the current situation are discussed: the temporality of socio-technological transformations, which is becoming less and less compatible with the harmonious development of man and society; the pace at which machines acquire intelligence; the total devaluation of mental labour; the unresolved issue of the role of man in the world of intelligent machines; and the criticality of the problem of the labour market due to its global nature, social significance and the rate of socio-technological changes. It is emphasised that these circumstances, already in the short term, threaten the sustainable development of global society, whose reactions to the transformation of technological and socio-economic infrastructure are significantly lagging behind. It is concluded that there is an urgent need to strengthen social responsibility, determined by the new ethics of relations between humans and machines with AI, supplemented by the primacy of the dignity of the social role of humans. The authors point out the urgent need to revise ideas about work as the main purpose of a person and about realisation in the profession as the main factor that determines the self-esteem of an individual and his social status.","PeriodicalId":22183,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}