Distribution Characteristics and Genesis Mechanism of Ground Fissures in Three Northern Counties of the North China Plain

IF 3.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Sustainability Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI:10.3390/su16188027

Chao Xue, Mingdong Zang, Zhongjian Zhang, Guoxiang Yang, Nengxiong Xu, Feiyong Wang, Cheng Hong, Guoqing Li, Fujiang Wang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The North China Plain is among the regions most afflicted by ground fissure disasters in China. Recent urbanization has accelerated ground fissure activity in the three counties of the northern North China Plain, posing significant threats to both the natural environment and socioeconomic sustainability. Despite the increased attention, a lack of comprehensive understanding persists due to delayed recognition and limited research. This study conducted field visits and geological surveys across 43 villages and 80 sites to elucidate the spatial distribution patterns of ground fissures in the aforementioned counties. By integrating these findings with regional geological data, we formulated a causative model to explain ground fissure formation. Our analysis reveals a concentration of ground fissures near the Niuxi and Rongxi faults, with the former exhibiting the most extensive distribution. The primary manifestations of ground fissures include linear cracks and patch-shaped collapse pits, predominantly oriented in east-west and north-south directions, indicating tensile failure with minimal vertical displacement. Various factors contribute to ground fissure development, including fault activity, ancient river channel distribution, bedrock undulations, rainfall, and ground settlement. Fault activity establishes a concealed fracture system in shallow geotechnical layers, laying the groundwork for ground fissure formation. Additionally, the distribution of ancient river channels and bedrock undulations modifies regional stress fields, further facilitating ground fissure emergence. Rainfall and differential ground settlement serve as triggering mechanisms, exposing ground fissures at the surface. This research offers new insights into the causes of ground fissures in the northern North China Plain, providing crucial scientific evidence for sustaining both the natural environment and the socio-economic stability of the region.

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华北平原北部三县地裂缝的分布特征和成因机制

华北平原是中国遭受地裂缝灾害最严重的地区之一。近年来的城市化进程加速了华北平原北部三县的地裂缝活动，对自然环境和社会经济的可持续发展构成了重大威胁。尽管受到越来越多的关注，但由于认识滞后和研究有限，人们仍然缺乏全面的了解。本研究对 43 个村庄、80 个地点进行了实地考察和地质调查，以阐明上述县域的地裂缝空间分布模式。通过将这些发现与区域地质数据相结合，我们建立了一个解释地裂缝形成的成因模型。分析结果表明，地裂缝主要集中在牛溪断层和荣溪断层附近，其中牛溪断层分布最广。地裂缝的主要表现形式包括线性裂缝和斑块状塌陷坑，主要呈东西向和南北向分布，显示出拉伸破坏，垂直位移极小。地裂缝的形成有多种因素，包括断层活动、古河道分布、基岩起伏、降雨和地面沉降。断层活动在浅层岩土层中形成了隐蔽的断裂系统，为地裂缝的形成奠定了基础。此外，古河道和基岩起伏的分布改变了区域应力场，进一步促进了地裂缝的出现。降雨和不同的地面沉降成为触发机制，使地表裂缝暴露出来。这项研究为了解华北平原北部地裂缝的成因提供了新的视角，为维持该地区的自然环境和社会经济稳定提供了重要的科学依据。

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来源期刊

Sustainability ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

CiteScore

6.80

自引率

20.50%

发文量

14120

审稿时长

17.72 days

期刊介绍： Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050) is an international and cross-disciplinary scholarly, open access journal of environmental, cultural, economic and social sustainability of human beings, which provides an advanced forum for studies related to sustainability and sustainable development. It publishes reviews, regular research papers, communications and short notes, and there is no restriction on the length of the papers. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical research relating to natural sciences, social sciences and humanities in as much detail as possible in order to promote scientific predictions and impact assessments of global change and development. Full experimental and methodical details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.