Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"GLANCE visualization for smart analytical chemistry methods: Artificial intelligence for spectrophotometric determination of solifenacin-mirabegron combination","authors":"Hayam M. Lotfy ,&nbsp;Reem H. Obaydo ,&nbsp;Aya A. Mouhamed","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a smart analytical chemistry approach that strategically integrates artificial intelligence (AI), green chemistry principles, and white analytical chemistry frameworks for pharmaceutical analysis. Smart analytical chemistry, the synergy of greenness, analytical performance, and computational intelligence, was applied to develop smart spectrophotometric methods for the simultaneous determination of solifenacin succinate (SOF) and mirabegron (MIR) used in overactive bladder therapy. AI-optimized signal difference strategies were used to address spectral overlap challenges between the compounds.</div><div>Two complementary smart resolution approaches were developed: <strong>(1)</strong> a zero-window scenario using absorbance resolution (AR) for MIR and first derivative (D1) for SOF, and <strong>(2)</strong> a ratio-window scenario with ratio extraction (RE) for MIR followed by absorbance variation (AV) for SOF. SOF showed linearity from 2.5 to 25.0 μg/mL at 222.0 nm using D1 and AV at ΔA(217.0–238.0) nm, while MIR exhibited linearity at 249.0 nm from 1.5 to 15.0 μg/mL. A comparative evaluation assessed both strategies for sensitivity and specificity. A cumulative validation score (CVS) was computed to serve as an indicator in the risk analysis.</div><div>The method's smart profile was assessed using Analytical Green Star Area (AGSA) and the RGB12 algorithm, confirming balanced environmental, analytical, and practical performance aligned with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Furthermore, the GLANCE tool (Graphical Layout for Analytical Chemistry Evaluation) provided a visual summary of twelve structured method attributes. This work exemplifies the application of smart analytical chemistry to deliver sustainable, accurate, and eco-friendly alternatives for pharmaceutical quality control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 102159"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144813857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural deep eutectic solvent-based extraction for isolating non-phthalate plastic additives from radish samples (Raphanus sativus L.)","authors":"Raquel Capilla-Flores,&nbsp;Laura Carbonell-Rozas,&nbsp;Rosalía López-Ruíz,&nbsp;Antonia Garrido Frenich,&nbsp;Roberto Romero-González","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-phthalate plastic additives (NPPAs) are increasingly used as alternatives to phthalates in plastic manufacturing, but their presence in food crops and associated health risks remain largely underexplored. Thus, a natural deep eutectic solvent-based solid-liquid extraction (NADES-SLE) was developed for determining NPPAs in radish (<em>Raphanus sativus</em> L.) roots and leaves. Five NADES were synthetized and tested, and the hydrophobic combination of choline chloride and 2,3-butanediol (1:4 molar ratio) yielded the highest extraction efficiency. Its supramolecular structure was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, with nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) effects. Key extraction parameters, NADES type and volume, extraction time, and agitation, were optimised. Seventeen NPPAs were identified and quantified using ultra-high performance liquid-chromatography coupled to quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS). The method showed low quantification limits (6–300 μg/kg), recoveries between 70.0 and 119.1 %, and precision below 20.0 % at three concentration levels. Total NPPA concentrations ranged from 93.9 to 929.4 μg/kg in roots and from 51.4 to 515.6 μg/kg in leaves. Acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (HCPK) were the most abundant compounds in roots and leaves, respectively. The analytical greenness metric for sample preparation (AGREEprep) metric scored the method at 0.52, outperforming conventional approaches (0.34–0.42) and confirming its greener profile. Estimated daily intake (EDI) were below tolerable daily intake (TDI) thresholds, indicating minimal dietary risk. This study highlights NADES-SLE as a sustainable and reliable approach for monitoring NPPAs in food crops and supports their safer use in plastic production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 102138"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144766944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Yeast-filamentous fungi co-culture: A circular bioeconomy approach for distillation stillage treatment and revalorization” [Sustain. Chem. Pharm. xxx(xxxx) 1–14 102053]","authors":"María Fernanda Ramos-Reyes ,&nbsp;Fernando Padilla-Alatorre ,&nbsp;Diego Díaz-Vazquez ,&nbsp;Martín Esteban González-López ,&nbsp;Paloma Barajas-Álvarez ,&nbsp;Diego Antonio Tuesta-Popolizio ,&nbsp;Christian Enrique Garcia-Garcia ,&nbsp;Solange I. Mussatto ,&nbsp;Misael Sebastián Gradilla-Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102067","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 102067"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile preparation of Pd/BN nanocatalyst for Suzuki reaction: Synergistic boron nitride effect in a green solvent system","authors":"Fuqing Lu ,&nbsp;Cui Wang ,&nbsp;Daixin Zhao,&nbsp;Yongnan Xu,&nbsp;Yajun Liu,&nbsp;Yan Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A straightforward and scalable in situ pyrolysis method was developed to synthesize palladium–boron nitride (Pd/BN) nanocatalysts using melamine, boric acid, and palladium acetate as precursors. The strong electronic interaction between Pd nanoparticles and the BN support facilitates charge transfer at the interface, thereby enhancing catalytic activity. The as-prepared Pd/BN catalyst exhibited excellent performance in Suzuki reactions under ambient conditions, achieving up to 99 % yield across a broad range of aryl bromides and boronic acids. The reaction was conducted in a green EtOH/H₂O (1:1) solvent system and required only a low Pd loading (0.25 mol%). In addition to its high efficiency, the catalyst demonstrated remarkable recyclability and retained activity over at least ten consecutive cycles with minimal deactivation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, supported by experimental data, revealed that the Pd/BN interface lowers the energy barrier of the rate-determining transmetalation step, thus accelerating the overall reaction. This study not only provides a sustainable catalytic system for efficient C–C bond formation under mild and environmentally benign conditions but also offers valuable insights into the rational design of electron-rich heterogeneous catalysts through metal–support interaction engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 102134"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary evaluation of treated bio-residue as a modifier for bitumen","authors":"R.G. Yatish,&nbsp;Kondeti Chiranjeevi,&nbsp;Doma Hemanth Kumar,&nbsp;H.M. Raviraj,&nbsp;A.U. Ravi Shankar","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the global shift toward sustainable construction practices, the reuse of organic industrial by-products in pavement applications is gaining momentum. Bio-residues, when appropriately treated, can serve as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional binders. This study presents a preliminary investigation into the use of thermally treated Caffeine Spent Residue (CSR) as a partial replacement for bitumen in binder formulations. The CSR, derived from organic industrial waste, underwent thermal pretreatment to improve compatibility with the bituminous phase. The treated CSR was then mixed with bitumen (VG-40) by replacing it at varying levels—0 %, 3 %, 6 %, 9 %, 12 %, and 15 % by weight using a laboratory-scale high-shear mixer to produce Bio-residue Modified Bitumen (BRMB). The resulting BRMB samples were evaluated through penetration and softening point tests, along with rheological characterization using the Superpave rutting parameter (G∗/sin δ) to assess the influence of treated CSR on fundamental binder properties. Both unaged and RTFO-aged samples were analyzed to capture the impact of short-term ageing on consistency and rutting resistance. Additionally, a cradle-to-gate assessment of embodied energy (EE) and embodied carbon (EC) revealed that replacing 10 % of bitumen with treated CSR significantly reduced the energy consumption and carbon emissions per kilogram of binder. The findings establish that treated CSR, particularly at a 9–10 % replacement level, offers a promising pathway for enhancing the sustainability of bituminous binders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 102135"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To salt or not to salt: Optimized production and sequential downstream processing of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and bacterioruberin from Haloferax mediterranei","authors":"Elisabetta Borselleca ,&nbsp;Ivelina Ivaylova Dzhambazova ,&nbsp;Maria Laura Alfieri ,&nbsp;Lucia Panzella ,&nbsp;Alessandra Marano ,&nbsp;Marco Trifuoggi ,&nbsp;Cinzia Pezzella ,&nbsp;Simona Varriale","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an integrated bioprocess for the sustainable production and simultaneous recovery of two high-value bioproducts – poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and bacterioruberin (BR) – from the halophilic archaeon <em>Haloferax mediterranei</em>. A Response Surface Methodology was applied to optimize key fermentation parameters, such as NaCl concentration, carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio, and nitrogen source. Both minimal synthetic medium and seawater were assessed, the latter demonstrating potential as a more sustainable alternative to freshwater-based cultivation systems. Optimal PHBV accumulation (25 % g_polymer/g_CDW) was achieved under high salinity (167.7 g L⁻¹ NaCl), a C/N ratio of 40, and with KNO₃ as the nitrogen source. In contrast, BR production was maximized (7.8 mg L^-1) under moderate salinity (100 g L⁻¹) and a lower C/N ratio (8). To enable efficient product separation, a sequential downstream strategy was developed, allowing recovery yields of PHBV and BR comparable to conventional single-product extraction protocols, while reducing reliance on halogenated solvents. Overall, the proposed process supports the valorization of halophilic biomass through a resource-efficient platform, contributing to the development of integrated biorefinery approaches aligned with principles of green and sustainable chemistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 102137"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable development of self-compacting concrete incorporating granite waste and recycled concrete aggregate: Evaluation of strength, durability, and microstructure","authors":"Eashan Pahsha,&nbsp;Priya S. Nair,&nbsp;Rajesh Gupta,&nbsp;Vinay Agrawal","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the sustainable development of self-compacting concrete (SCC) using recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and granite cutting waste (GCW) as partial replacements for natural aggregates. A total of thirteen SCC mixes were developed by replacing natural coarse aggregate (NCA) with RCA at two levels: 50 % and 100 %, and substituting natural fine aggregate (NFA) with GCW at five levels: 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, and 50 %. The mechanical, durability, shrinkage, and microstructural properties were systematically evaluated. The experimental program included compressive strength, initial surface absorption, water permeability, drying shrinkage, chloride penetration, carbonation depth, and corrosion potential. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess pore structure and interfacial transition zones (ITZ). Results showed that RCA incorporation alone (R50G0 and R100G0) led to reductions in strength and durability due to higher porosity and weaker ITZ. However, the inclusion of GCW up to 30 % significantly improved performance. Mix R50G30 achieved around 4 % higher compressive strength than R50G0 at 90 days and showed a 41 % reduction in carbonation depth. Water absorption, chloride penetration, and shrinkage were also minimized at optimum GCW replacements. SEM images confirmed that GCW improved matrix density and pore refinement, particularly in R50G30 and R100G20. Conversely, more than 30 % GCW caused strength and durability to decline due to poor paste coverage and microcracks. Overall, the study highlights the synergistic use of RCA and GCW in producing durable, eco-efficient SCC, reducing dependency on natural resources while enhancing sustainability in construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 102136"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish scale waste-derived chitosan-mineral composite for fluoride removal: RSM-optimized synthesis and high-performance adsorption","authors":"Jiawen Li,&nbsp;Junjie Gu,&nbsp;Yuhuan Yang,&nbsp;Qingwen Zhou,&nbsp;Changqing Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces an innovative bio-based aluminum composite adsorbent (CS–Al) derived from fish scales, an underutilized byproduct of aquaculture, for efficient fluoride removal from water. Through response surface methodology (RSM) optimization, CS-Al achieved a remarkable fluoride adsorption capacity of 100.19 mg/g, representing a 173.5 % enhancement over commercial chitosan-based adsorbents. The adsorbent exhibited rapid chemisorption kinetics, with 85.79 % fluoride removal within 10 min, following a pseudo-second-order model (R² = 0.99) and spontaneous endothermic adsorption behavior (ΔG° = -1.41 kJ/mol, ΔH° = 7.93 kJ/mol, ΔS° = 31.36 J/mol at 25 °C). The unique mesoporous hierarchical structure of CS-Al, with a BET surface area of 12.84 m²/g and dual Ca/Al active sites, provides exceptional stability and anti-interference performance. It effectively removed over 93 % of fluoride across a broad pH range (3-12) and in the presence of competing anions like Cl⁻ and NO₃⁻. Mechanistic studies revealed a dual adsorption mechanism: Ca–F complexation facilitated by residual Ca(OH)₂ (90.2 %) and AlF₃ formation through ligand exchange with Al–<em>O</em>–C-anchored aluminum components (9.8 %), surpassing the efficiency of traditional single-component adsorbents. CS-Al not only excels in fluoride removal but also aligns with sustainable development goals by converting fish scale waste into a high-value adsorbent via a one-step coordination coprecipitation method. With its fluoride removal capability reducing concentrations from 10 mg/L to 0.47 mg/L (well below the WHO limit), CS-Al offers a viable solution for decentralized water treatment in high-fluoride regions. This work establishes a scalable framework for converting aquaculture byproducts into functional adsorbents, balancing adsorption performance with sustainable production for decentralized water treatment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 102124"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144720404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why does quaternary outperform ternary and binary? Unveiling the synergy of multi-component solid waste in sustainable low-carbon cementitious materials","authors":"Yaguang Wang ,&nbsp;Wenzhe Shang ,&nbsp;Kaisheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid waste-based cementitious materials effectively reduce environmental pollution and cement industry carbon emissions. However, excessive solid waste use may degrade materials properties. To address this challenge, this study proposes a quaternary solid waste synergistic activation strategy, aiming to simultaneously enhance the utilization rate of solid waste and optimize materials performance. Through systematically comparing the mechanical properties, microstructure and environmental behavior of binary, ternary and quaternary system, the strengthening mechanism of the quaternary system was clarified.</div><div>The results indicate that the quaternary system exhibits superior comprehensive properties, achieving a 28 d compressive strength of 45.33 MPa, which represents a 6.6 % and 37.5 % improvement over the ternary and binary systems, respectively. The key mechanism involves the synergistic activation of alkaline and sulfate solid wastes, enhancing the reactivity of silicate-aluminate components. This promotes the interwoven coexistence of gel and ettringite, increasing the proportion of gel pores (&lt;10 nm) to 30.81 % and optimizing the pore structure. Furthermore, the system achieves a Na⁺ solidification effect of 98.4 % for red mud, ensuring controllable environmental risks. Additionally, the carbon emission is reduced to 189.14 kg CO₂/m³ (a 59 % reduction compared to pure cement), while the carbon emission per unit strength decreases by 61 %, demonstrating significant dual-carbon-reduction characteristics and supporting its feasibility as a sustainable and low-carbon cementitious materials.</div><div>This study confirms that the synergistic effects of multiple solid wastes can overcome the traditional performance limitations of cement, providing a theoretical foundation and technical pathways for the efficient resource utilization of solid wastes and the development of low-carbon building materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 102131"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144720403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-compacting concrete with granite waste and recycled aggregate: A fresh, mechanical, and microstructural perspective","authors":"Eashan Pahsha,&nbsp;Priya S. Nair,&nbsp;Rajesh Gupta,&nbsp;Vinay Agrawal","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The significant by-products from the construction and granite industries have led researchers to investigate sustainable ways to integrate wastes into concrete, aiming to reduce their harmful environmental impacts. The current study focused on fresh, hardened, and microstructural properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) made with recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) and granite-cutting waste (GW). Coarse aggregate was partially replaced with RCA at 50 % and 100 % levels, and GW was utilized as a replacement for fine aggregate at increments of 10 up to 50 %. The fresh properties of SCC were evaluated using slump flow, T500 mm flow time, J-ring, V-funnel, and L-box tests, while the hardened properties were assessed through compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength tests. Incorporating RCA at 50 % and 100 % reduced the compressive strength by approximately 15 % and 25 %, respectively, at 28 days. However, the addition of 30 % GW showed significant improvement in mechanical strength by 21 % and 13.5 %, for 50 % and 100 % RCA substitutions, respectively, at 28 days. In particular, the 50 % RCA with 30 % GW mix surpassed the compressive strength of the control mix at 28 and 90 days. Analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) further validated the hardened properties. The findings showed that adding GW up to 30 % to RCA modified SCC mixes enhanced mechanical performance, successfully offsetting RCA's mechanical drawbacks, and can be recommended as a sustainable substitute in SCC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 102133"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144720398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}