Sustainable Materials and Technologies最新文献

{"title":"N, S‑carbon quantum dots as a green corrosion inhibitor for brine heaters in multistage flash desalination systems","authors":"Rui Wan ,&nbsp;Wenting Zhao ,&nbsp;Xia Sun ,&nbsp;Zhenqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Zhili Gong ,&nbsp;Lei Guo ,&nbsp;Riadh Marzouki ,&nbsp;Mingwen Luo ,&nbsp;Ao Li ,&nbsp;Yilong Ma ,&nbsp;Bochuan Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an eco-friendly and sustainable approach for the first time to synthesize N, S-CDs by electrochemical methods using peanut cake residue. Demonstrating their potential as a green corrosion inhibitor for brine heaters in multistage flash desalination systems. Comprehensive characterization using TEM, FTIR, XPS, AFM and SEM revealed the nanostructure and surface functionality of the materials. Electrochemical evaluation under simulated pickling conditions revealed inhibition efficiencies of 98.77 % (298 K), 98.26 % (308 K) and 97.22 % (318 K) at 100 mg/L N, S-CDs, respectively. Surface analysis confirmed the formation of a protective adsorption layer and XPS data verified the chemical bonding between N, S-CDs and the Cu-Ni alloys surface, which contributes to the stability and corrosion resistance of the material. Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption followed a Langmuir monolayer behavior, combining physisorption and chemisorption mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e01531"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-part geopolymer-like binders with calcium-based solid alkaline activators and metakaolin","authors":"Laura Bergamonti ,&nbsp;Marianna Potenza ,&nbsp;Elena Michelini ,&nbsp;Daniele Ferretti ,&nbsp;Silvia Borsacchi ,&nbsp;Lucia Calucci ,&nbsp;Laura Lazzarini ,&nbsp;Pier Paolo Lottici ,&nbsp;Francesco Talento ,&nbsp;Claudia Graiff","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has promoted the development of sustainable materials for the building industry to replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC).</div><div>This work focuses on the development of one-part geopolymer-like binders using calcium-based solid alkaline activators and metakaolin. The alkaline activator was prepared by mixing Ca(OH)₂ or CaO and Na-silicate or K-silicate, all in powders form.</div><div>XRD, FTIR, TGA/DTG and solid-state NMR analyses show the coexistence of both geopolymer gel and hydrated aluminosilicates. Microscopical investigations show that the morphology of the binders is heterogeneous with micrometric agglomerates. TEM reveals that the binders are characterized by agglomerates of nanoparticles, with abundant amorphous material and rare crystalline phases. The mechanical properties demonstrate the potential of this product as an eco-friendly alternative to OPC.</div><div>The use of powdered alkaline activators and the production process followed make the product suitable for the building industry to be used on construction sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e01528"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attenuating the metal‑oxygen bonds in BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.1Y0.1O3-δ to achieve a high efficiency bifunctional oxygen electrode for reversible solid oxide cells","authors":"Kai Li ,&nbsp;Haitao Cheng ,&nbsp;Chenxuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Lichao Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proton-conducting reversible solid oxide cells (P-RSOCs) have the potential to enable interconversion between power and green hydrogen at low to intermediate temperatures. However, the large-scale application of P-RSOCs is significantly hindered by inefficient oxygen reduction (ORR) and evolution reaction (OER) kinetics in air electrode at reduced temperatures. Herein, this investigation introduces a straightforward approach of doping 5 % Zn into the BaCo_0.4Fe_0.4Zr_0.1Y_0.1O_3-δ (BCFZY) lattice to form Ba(Co_0.4Fe_0.4Zr_0.1Y_0.1)_0.95Zn_0.05O_3-δ (BCFZYZ) as an exceptional efficiency and durable air electrode for P-RSOC. The introduction of Zn doping is anticipated to weaken the coulombic forces between B-site metallic ions and oxygen ions, thereby increasing the oxygen vacancies and proton defect concentration. Experimental results identify that the incorporation of Zn significantly enhances oxygen vacancies generation and hydration, and facilitates oxygen/proton surface exchange and bulk diffusion rates, thereby accelerating the ORR and OER kinetics. The BCFZYZ electrode exhibits relatively smaller polarization resistance and corresponding reaction activation energy (E_a = 1.198 ev). The P-RSOCs using BCFZYZ air electrode deliver impressive bifunctional performance at 650 °C, the cell achieves a peak power density of 946 mW cm⁻² in fuel cell operation, and 1175 mA cm⁻² electrolysis current density at 1.3 V in water splitting process. Moreover, the BCFZYZ full cell maintains stable voltage for 120 h and exhibits robust stable reversibility over a 100 h cycling period. This work provides an effective design strategy to facilitate the ORR and OER kinetics of BCFZY for high performance and durable air electrode of P-RSOC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e01523"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modification directions of agricultural waste biochars to improve their effectiveness as amendments for degraded soils","authors":"Desmond Kwayela Sama,&nbsp;Agnieszka Tomczyk-Nazarczuk,&nbsp;Katarzyna Szewczuk-Karpisz","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With over 140 billion tons of agricultural waste generated yearly, its management has become a critical issue posing economic and environmental concerns. The waste conversion into biochar (BC) provides a sustainable solution, that is, a promising material for various applications such as carbon sequestration, pollution remediation, and soil regeneration. The latest research has contributed significantly to the development of innovative techniques of biochar (BC) modification that go beyond conventional pyrolytic processing of biomass. These treatments usually increase textural parameters and surface chemistry of BC, thereby enhancing its ability to bind various species. High adsorption capacity makes it an effective carrier for nutrients essential for crops or an efficient immobilizer limiting availability of toxic compounds. So far, it was noted that modified BC has a satisfied impact on soil aeration, water retention, and growth of soil microorganisms, stimulating overall agroecosystem functionality. However, its effectiveness depending on soil type is not fully understood and difficult to predict, which is why modified BC use by farmers is limited and troublesome. Taking this into account, the review indicates the effects of BC modification on particular soil types, highlighting the most beneficial ones. The authors identified poor features of pristine BC and showed the most effective treatment increasing its performance as a soil conditioner. A roadmap was also presented to optimize the use of modified BC in addressing the issues of soil degradation, climate change, and agricultural waste management, along with suggestions for new research directions and ways to integrate modified BC with sustainable practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e01529"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing oxidative stress in bacteria and suppressing microbial-metal interaction enhance bioleaching of platinum group metals at a high pulp density","authors":"Salman Karim,&nbsp;Yen-Peng Ting","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although bioleaching has shown promise for the recovery of platinum group metals (PGM) from metal-bearing solid wastes, high pulp density (i.e., the solid mass to liquid volume ratio) poses a significant challenge. This study aimed to enhance PGM biorecovery from spent automotive catalysts (SAC) under such a condition. A novel two-step bioleaching approach has been devised that notably improved PGM extraction efficiency in the presence of elevated metal concentrations. This was achieved by mitigating oxidative stress in bacteria through the addition of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and minimizing bacteria-metal interactions and metal sorption onto bacterial cells using the dispersant polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Our newly developed strategy yielded higher Pt, Pd, and Rh recoveries, reaching 68 %, 74 %, and 86 %, respectively, at a pulp density of 4 % <em>w</em>/<em>v</em>, compared to 30 %, 33 %, and 62 %, respectively, in the absence of GSH and PVP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e01522"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan-based bionanocomposites for elimination of hazardous environmental contaminants and food packaging: A comprehensive review","authors":"Wardha Zafar ,&nbsp;Mehwish Tabassum ,&nbsp;Xin Jia ,&nbsp;Bin Yang ,&nbsp;Hao Liu ,&nbsp;Guobao Xu ,&nbsp;Muhammad Nadeem Zafar","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water quality continues to deteriorate as increasing levels of lethal pollutants are frequently discharged into the environment. The elimination of such toxins from water systems is an emergent field of research today. Over the previous few decades, the utilization of biocompatible and biodegradable natural additives has sparked significant interest in the exclusion of contaminants from wastewater. Chitosan-based bionanocomposites (CB-BNCs) have acquired considerable attention and been demonstrated to be an efficient practice for water purification. These types of BNCs emerged as potential adsorbents/catalysts due to their cost-effectiveness, high abundance, the existence of hydroxyl, amino groups, and excellent aptitude to remove various toxic substances from wastewater. On that account, this review has a dive into of synthesis and applications of CB-BNCs in water conditioning and food packaging. The advances in the use of CB-BNCs to degrade different classes of contaminants, <em>i.e.</em>, toxic metals, dyes, drugs, and emerging pollutants by degradation/adsorption, have been highlighted. Also, it exemplifies the approaches for the erasure of various pollutants, highlighting how CS BNCs are valuable and certainly effective candidates for water treatment with improved performance and economical costs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e01524"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pioneering clean water solutions: How cutting-edge resin-based 3D printing is driving sustainable remediation","authors":"Ashreen Norman ,&nbsp;Qisya Izanti Binti Mohammad Amirul Mursyid ,&nbsp;Chien Hwa Chong ,&nbsp;Kean How Cheah ,&nbsp;Suganti Ramarad ,&nbsp;Tze Chuen Yap ,&nbsp;Voon-Loong Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing presence of pollutants in water bodies, coupled with growing industrial water demand, has accelerated water scarcity, which is projected to worsen by 2050. Additive manufacturing (AM) has recently emerged as a promising and innovative solution for water and wastewater treatment. This review explores various AM techniques that utilize liquid resin specifically for fabricating products aimed at treating water and wastewater. Various research studies were retrieved from Scopus and Google Scholar databases, with a time range from 2014 to 2025. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was adopted for selecting the studies; out of 552 studies, 223 were fully examined and used in this study, and the selected studies were determined based on its relevancy to wastewater treatments, resin-based AM, and how it is being utilized to remediate water pollutants. It also highlights recent advancements in 3D-printable resin-based functional materials for removing pollutants, including dyes, heavy metals, oil, and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, the integration of these 3D-printed structures with other chemical compounds to enhance their functionalities is discussed. While 3D-printed resin-based structures demonstrate significant versatility and effectiveness, the adoption of AM in wastewater treatment has lagged compared to other sectors due to various technical and environmental challenges. Key concerns include the potential leaching of toxic resin components into the environment and the scalability of AM-based treatment systems. Despite these issues, the ability to customise and functionalize resin materials offers promising avenues for creating multifunctional structures tailored for pollutant remediation. This review highlights not only the strengths of resin-based AM, particularly in enabling durable and adaptable designs, but also the pressing challenges that must be addressed. A balanced understanding of these factors is essential for optimizing resin-based AM techniques and accelerating their integration into sustainable water and wastewater treatment solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e01525"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimuli-responsive composite coating based on dynamic metal-ligand interactions for sustainable marine antifouling","authors":"Qianyun Tan ,&nbsp;Gege Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Xu ,&nbsp;Tiantian Hu ,&nbsp;Yabei Zhang ,&nbsp;Xu Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhongyao Zhang ,&nbsp;Fa-Qian Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While copper-based antifoulants represent effective solutions for marine biofouling prevention, their utilization efficiency remains a critical challenge. This investigation demonstrates a pH-responsive hydrogel composite through synergistic integration of poly(acrylic acid) networks with histidine-coordinated cupric nanoclusters. The main ligand configuration of histidine and Cu²⁺ was identified as “imidazole-dominated and carboxyl-assisted” by density functional theory (DFT) simulation, which provides theoretical support for the pH sensitivity of hydrogel. This coating releases Cu²⁺ precisely “on demand” in response to external pH changes, effectively preventing algae and fouling organisms from adhering and achieving high bactericidal rates against <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and <em>E. coli</em>. The distinctive molecular design of the coating combines multiple amide motifs that self-assemble into a honeycomb network via strong hydrogen bonding, while the coordination between Cu²⁺ and histidine establishes a dynamic metal-ligand interaction with tunable dissociation kinetics and cohesion strength. This intelligent controlled-release composite hydrogel significantly reduces the risk of marine fouling by releasing antifouling agents precisely and efficiently, providing an innovative solution for building a sustainable marine antifouling system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e01521"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enabling high-RAP-content recycling in asphalt pavements through epoxy modification: Durability and life cycle assessment","authors":"Maijian Liu ,&nbsp;Sang Luo ,&nbsp;Wei Huang ,&nbsp;Yang Yang ,&nbsp;Jing Hu ,&nbsp;Zhihan Zhang ,&nbsp;Bohao Zhang ,&nbsp;Kaijun Du","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High RAP (Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement) content often causes performance deficiencies in recycled asphalt pavements. Epoxy modification is a promising solution, but its long-term durability and lifecycle benefits have yet to be fully demonstrated. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the durability and lifecycle benefits of epoxy-modified recycled asphalt mixtures (ERAM), using epoxy asphalt mixtures (EAM) and general recycled asphalt mixtures (GRAM) as controls. ERAM's durability was assessed via laboratory mechanical tests, service life predictions, and field observations. A comprehensive lifecycle cost and carbon emissions analysis was conducted across multiple pavement schemes, considering complete lifecycle stages and data variability. Results show that ERAM with 60 % RAP substitution achieves a fatigue endurance limit of 191 με, substantially exceeding the field tensile strain of 53 με. Based on mechanical-empirical models, ERAM is predicted to have a service life of 27–29 years, about 170 % that of GRAM. With enhanced durability and higher RAP content, ERAM reduces annual lifecycle costs and carbon emissions by 10 % and 30 % compared to EAM and GRAM, respectively. These findings demonstrate ERAM's potential as a durable and sustainable pavement alternative.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e01519"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced high entropy oxides for seawater splitting","authors":"I-Chia Chiu ,&nbsp;Ching-Yu Chiang ,&nbsp;Hsin-Ya Chang ,&nbsp;Chia-Tzu Li ,&nbsp;Hung-Yi Chi ,&nbsp;Hsin-Chang Huang ,&nbsp;Paichun Chang ,&nbsp;Yun-Tse Wang ,&nbsp;Ray Lee ,&nbsp;I-Yu Tsao ,&nbsp;Chao-Lung Chiang ,&nbsp;Bor Kae Chang ,&nbsp;Yan-Gu Lin ,&nbsp;Wei Hsuan Hung","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand for renewable energy is increasing due to the consumption of primary energy as known as the fossil fuels. Water electrolysis to produce hydrogen is an ideal clean energy choice because of its high energy density and zero carbon emissions. However, fresh water, which accounts for less than 3 % of the worlds water supply is a high demand resource for people's livelihood. Seawater on the other hand, accounts for more than 70 % of the earth, making it much desirable as a source of hydrogen. For seawater to produce hydrogen, a more efficient, stable and longer-lasting catalyst would need to be developed. This would avoid chlorine evolution, a ‘competition’ reaction during oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which accelerates the corrosion process suppressing the lifespan of the catalyst. High entropy materials (HEM), a potential promising catalyst candidate, are able to reach much lower OER overpotentials and higher corrosion resistance due to their tunable electronic structures. In this work, we used a pulsed laser irradiation scanning on mixed salt solutions (PLMS) method to produce a six element, high entropy ceramic nanoparticles as an OER catalyst for efficient and stable work in seawater environments (Yang et al., 2021). The (AlCoCrFeMnNi)O high-entropy ceramic (HEC) we proposed demonstrate a great performance in the seawater environment. The onset voltage of oxygen-evolution can reach as low as to 1.47 <em>V vs.</em> reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), and in terms of stability, our catalyst can operate for 1000 h under 100 mA/cm². Furthermore, to understand the mechanism behind our (AlCoCrFeMnNi)O HEC, the <em>in-situ</em> X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurement and <em>In-situ</em> extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) are carried out in this work with varying applied voltages for OER. Co, Mn, and Ni identified as the active sites of OER and these three elements work intimately together, each with different reaction routes, including the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) and lattice oxygen-participated mechanism (LOM). While Al, Cr, and Fe are not directly linked to the catalytic activity, they do play important roles to stabilize the high entropy structure throughout the whole reaction. Finally, a computational model was created using a 2x1x2 supercell to study various atom distributions. This study utilizes DFT calculations, geometry optimization, and electron density mapping. To highlight the influence of different atoms on bond lengths, particularly the impact of Al on structural distortion and addressing bond lengths involving Mn and Fe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e01515"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}