Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Hepatic Vascular Variants in Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia: Imaging findings.","authors":"Alamelu Alagappan, Biswajit Sahoo, Jain H Prakash, Manas K Panigrahi, Taraprasad Tripathy","doi":"10.18295/squmj.1.2023.011","DOIUrl":"10.18295/squmj.1.2023.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by vascular dysplasia. Hepatic vascular malformations (VMs) range from small telangiectases to significant vascular shunting. Here we report two cases of HHT. Case 1 had diffuse ectasia of the hepatic artery along its intrahepatic and extrahepatic course with a hepatic arterial aneurysm. Case 2 presented with ileal and hepatic telangiectases. Knowledge of these vascular variants is indispensable for clinicians and radiologists in aiding diagnosis and surgical and interventional management.</p>","PeriodicalId":22083,"journal":{"name":"Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10712384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49022908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Forced Coughing Effective in Reducing Pain During Cervical Biopsy?: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yassamine Ouerdane, Aya Abd Elmegeed, Mohammed Tarek, Imane Bakhtaoui, Ahmed K Awad, Nihal Al Riyami, Ahmed Saad","doi":"10.18295/squmj.5.2023.026","DOIUrl":"10.18295/squmj.5.2023.026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review aimed to compare the potential analgesic effect of forced coughing (FC) with that of local anaesthetics (LA) or placebo during cervical biopsy. A total of 5 electronic databases-Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar-were systematically searched from inception till March 2021. Data were extracted from 6 randomised controlled trials and analysed. During cervical biopsy, the overall effect favoured LA over FC (mean difference [MD] = 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58 to 1.54; <i>P</i> <0.0001). Compared to no pain management, pooled data were comparable between the two groups (MD = -1.2, 95% CI: -3.35 to 0.94; <i>P</i> = 0.27). Procedure duration was significantly longer in the LA group than in the FC group (MD = -1.94, 95% CI: -2.47 to -1.41; <i>P</i> <0.00001). FC and LA are both useful pain-lowering modalities during cervical biopsy, depending on the setting and their availability.</p>","PeriodicalId":22083,"journal":{"name":"Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10712392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46588803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of Optic Neuritis among Omani Patients with Multiple Sclerosis at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman.","authors":"Fatma Alkharusi, Buthaina Sabt, Abdullah S Al-Mujaini","doi":"10.18295/squmj.5.2023.029","DOIUrl":"10.18295/squmj.5.2023.029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, multifaceted, heterogeneous autoimmune disease, with optic neuritis (ON) being a common early manifestation among those with MS. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of ON among Omani patients with MS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cross-sectional study included all Omani patients diagnosed with MS at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, between January 1991 and December 2019. The data were collected from the neurology registry and electronic medical records and analysed descriptively using univariant and multivariant statistical techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 185 patients diagnosed with MS during the study period, 170 were included in the analysis. The male-to-female ratio was 1:2 and the mean age was 28 years. The incidence of ON in the population was 28.8%, with 83.7% of ON patients presenting with relapse-remitting MS (RRMS). Overall, 28.6% of patients presented with O N as an initial manifestation of MS, whereas 42.8% developed ON at a later stage. Most patients (49.4%) were from higher-latitude regions of Oman such as Muscat and Al Batinah.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The incidence of both MS and ON increased over the study period. While the overall incidence was low in comparison with Western data, it was similar to the rates reported elsewhere in the Arabian Peninsula. Overall, ON was the most common manifestation of MS in the cohort, with younger female patients more frequently presenting with both MS and ON. A significant association was found between the RRMS subtype and ON presentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":22083,"journal":{"name":"Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10712390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46447690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Burden of Human Parechoviruses Among Children in Oman: A retrospective study.","authors":"Aws Al-Farsi, Zaid Alhinai, Fatma Ba Alawi, Khuloud Al Maamari, Laila S Al Yazidi","doi":"10.18295/squmj.5.2023.033","DOIUrl":"10.18295/squmj.5.2023.033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the burden, clinical and laboratory features and outcomes of human parechoviruses (HPeVs) infection among children in Oman.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included children (aged <18 years) with molecularly proven HPeV infection who were managed at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, between January 2017 and December 2019. Data were obtained from the patients' medical records and analysed to describe their demographics, clinical and laboratory features, management and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HPeV was detected in 61 patients, 44 (72%) of whom were males. The median age of these patients was nine months (interquartile range [IQR]: 6-15 months). HPeV was detected throughout the year without any significant peaks. Majority of the patients (n = 51, 84%) had co-infection with other viruses. Forty-eight (79%) children with HPeV infection required hospitalisation, and their median length of hospital stay was five days (IQR: 3-8 days). Ex-prematurity (n = 10, 16%) was the commonest comorbidity among this group. Fever (n = 41, 67%) and cough (n = 41, 67%) were the commonest presenting symptoms among the children. Two-thirds of the HPeV-infected children in this cohort were managed for lower respiratory tract infection; none was managed for meningitis. Gastroenteritis was not common in this cohort; only eight children had diarrhoea. All children made a full recovery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HPeVs infection does not show a clear seasonality in Oman. Most of the children were aged <2 years and had a viral co-infection. The outcomes of HPeV infection were favourable, with no mortalities, but a thorough follow-up for neurological outcomes was lacking.</p>","PeriodicalId":22083,"journal":{"name":"Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10712389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48933424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erythematous Plaque in the Left Axillary Region: A diagnostic challenge where dermoscopy can help.","authors":"Maria Dolores Pegalajar-García, Jose Mellado, Ricardo Ruiz-Villaverde, Francisco J Navarro-Triviño","doi":"10.18295/squmj.5.2023.034","DOIUrl":"10.18295/squmj.5.2023.034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22083,"journal":{"name":"Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10712377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46267712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re: Guillain-Barré Syndrome Associated with SARS-CoV-2 in Two Paediatric Patients.","authors":"Sounira Mehri, Sinda Zarrouk, Josef Finsterer","doi":"10.18295/squmj.11.2023.067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18295/squmj.11.2023.067","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>NONE</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":22083,"journal":{"name":"Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10712393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138810612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erdheim-Chester Disease Presenting as Bilateral Facial Masses","authors":"Asim Qureshi, Abdulaziz Bakathir, Fizza Qureshi, Amanullah Beg, Asem Shalaby","doi":"10.18295/squmj.10.2023.065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18295/squmj.10.2023.065","url":null,"abstract":"Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare form of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis with unknown etiology. It is recently recognized to be neoplastic with genetic mutations affecting the mitogen-activating protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. We here present a case of a 49-year-old female who initially presented in 2012 with bilateral facial masses to a tertiary care center. These were removed but later recurred over a period of ten years. She then presented with xanthelasmas, bone lesions, secondary infertility due to hypothalamic hypogonadism, diabetes insipidus, and Hashimoto’s hypothyroidism. The facial masses were biopsied, and they showed classic morphological features in the form of diffuse infiltration by foamy histiocytes, with scattered Touton type of giant cells, patchy lymphocytic infiltrates, and dense fibrosis. The presented ECD case is particularly interesting due to the recurrent bilateral facial masses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case in Oman. The patient is stable and is being followed up in the clinic.&#x0D; Keywords: Erdheim-Chester disease, Langerhans cell histiocytosis.","PeriodicalId":22083,"journal":{"name":"Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135732854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of EMLA Cream in the Management of Arterio-Venous Fistula Needle Insertion Pain in Haemodialysis Patients","authors":"Hamid Al Shahri, Issa Al Salmi, Waleed Al Rajhi, Hamidreza Shemshaki","doi":"10.18295/squmj.10.2023.058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18295/squmj.10.2023.058","url":null,"abstract":"This systematic review is conducted to assess the effectiveness of EMLA-cream in the management of Arterio-Venous Fistula-AVF needle insertion pain in adult haemodialysis-HD patients compared with other alternative interventions. The main search was conducted in November 2020 and was updated on 5th December 2020. In the search strategy, keywords and synonyms were used, and multiple databases were searched with no date limitation to ensure a comprehensive search that would allocate all studies relevant to the review, and to minimize location bias. The following databases were explored: Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), Cochrane Library, and the Campbell Collaboration Library of Systematic Reviews. The keywords “EMLA cream”, “Arterio-Venous Fistula needle pain” and “hemodialysis patients” or “haemodialysis patient” were used for a scoping search in Google Scholar, whereas in the databases were ((“EMLA”) OR (“eutectic mixture of local anesthetic*) AND Arteriovenous*) OR “fistula needle* fistula cannula* and (“h#emodialysis patient OR * dialysis patient)). A total of 209 studies were found in this search and were filtered. Initially, any duplicated studies were removed, leaving 89 studies that were relevant to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two studies were included from the hand search. There were no studies identified in the grey literature or backward and forward chaining search. Following this initial filtration, the titles and abstracts of the remaining studies were reviewed and 76 were excluded. The full text of 15 studies was read in full and nine were excluded for the following reasons: three studies were focused on mixed participants, six studies used other interventions and one study was a duplicate paper with the same author and different title. Five studies were taken forward for critical appraisal. EMLA-cream is an effective management strategy in reducing AVF needle insertion pain among adult HD-patients. However, despite the positive effect of EMLA cream in reducing HD needle insertion pain, with fewer side effects, the findings should be considered with caution, as there are some limitations, and further research is required.&#x0D; Keywords: EMLA; Pain; Dialysis; Arterio-Venous Fistula","PeriodicalId":22083,"journal":{"name":"Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135732015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Scoping Review of the Biological, Socioeconomic, and Environmental Determinants of Overweight and Obesity among Middle Eastern and Northern African Nationalities","authors":"Glenn FD Valdez, Muna Ajzoon, Noor Al Zuwameri","doi":"10.18295/squmj.10.2023.059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18295/squmj.10.2023.059","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, and particularly in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, obesity and overweight have become serious public health concerns. The objective of this scoping review is to identify and summarize the available data on the determinants of overweight and obesity among MENA nationalities. An extensive search was conducted of electronic databases, including Google Scholar, PUBMED, and PROQUEST, for articles published from 2007 until 2022. Ten articles of the 333 that were found in the original search after filtering met the requirements for inclusion. Data extraction and quality assessment were applied to each of the selected studies. A thorough synthesis of the factors influencing overweight and obesity in MENA nationalities is provided by this scoping review. The results show the intricate interplay of anthropometric, behavioral, sociodemographic, and environmental factors that cause overweight and obesity in this population.&#x0D; Keywords: Overweight; Obesity; Body Mass Index; Oman.","PeriodicalId":22083,"journal":{"name":"Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135732549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Series of Midazolam-Induced Seizures-Like Activity in Five Neonates","authors":"Heba Shaker, Fatema Al-Amrani, Hilal Al Mandhari","doi":"10.18295/squmj.10.2023.063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18295/squmj.10.2023.063","url":null,"abstract":"An intravenous administration of midazolam may result in seizure-like activity or movement. This report describes five neonates who developed seizure-like movements after intravenous midazolam injection. The patients presented between 2019 and 2022. The abnormal movements occurred shortly after intravenous bolus administration of midazolam. None of our patients experienced seizure-like movements after receiving midazolam infusions. The seizure-like movements were aborted either spontaneously or by antiseizure medications. Also, we did not observe any seizure recurrence in any of the infants during the later stages of their treatment. Since this adverse effect might be related to the speed of the bolus administration, intravenous midazolam must be given as a slow bolus over 2-3 minutes followed by a slow flush of normal saline. To prevent midazolam's potential adverse effect on newborns, neonatal caregivers must be aware of it.&#x0D; Keywords: Midazolam; Injection, intravenous, Seizures; Infant, Newborn; Hypnotics and Sedatives.","PeriodicalId":22083,"journal":{"name":"Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135732544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}