Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Biofilm-Induced Bone Degradation in Osteomyelitis: <i>Insights from a comprehensive ex vivo pathogen interaction study</i>.","authors":"Ahmed Al Ghaithi, John Husband, Attika Al Bimani, Mohammed Al Kindi, Sultan Al Maskari","doi":"10.18295/squmj.10.2024.053","DOIUrl":"10.18295/squmj.10.2024.053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Osteomyelitis, characterised by bone inflammation due to microbial infection, presents significant healthcare challenges. While the protective role of biofilm in bacterial immunity and persistence is well-documented, its direct impact on bone degradation in osteomyelitis remains inadequately characterised. This study aimed to comprehensively examine the direct effects of biofilm-forming pathogens on human bone, providing new insights into the mechanisms of bone destruction associated with osteomyelitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bone sections were collected from patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, between January 2021 and December 2022. The samples were then inoculated with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> to simulate <i>in vitro</i> bone infection. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to analyse the bacterial interaction with bone tissue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Biofilm-forming pathogens directly contributed to bone degradation, as evidenced by SEM images showing marked trabecular destruction. Raman analysis showed a significant increase in the carbonate-to-phosphate ratio in inoculated samples (61.9%) compared to controls (47%). Additionally, mineral content decreased in inoculated samples, and the carbonate-to-amide I ratio reduced by 47% in inoculated samples and by 80% in controls. The inoculated samples exhibited an 82% shift in collagen cross-linking compared to a 72% shift in controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This research enhances the comprehension of the mechanisms underlying bone destruction in osteomyelitis and underscores the intricate role of biofilm in disease progression. These findings highlight the importance of biofilm in bone degradation and its potential implications for infection management.</p>","PeriodicalId":22083,"journal":{"name":"Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"98-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12255338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meniscal Ossicle.","authors":"Márcio L Duarte, Mayara O da Silva","doi":"10.18295/squmj.10.2024.069","DOIUrl":"10.18295/squmj.10.2024.069","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22083,"journal":{"name":"Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"180-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12255336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Self-Harm Ideation as Presenting Adverse Event Associated with Adalimumab Treatment of Severe Scalp Psoriasis.","authors":"Julian Cortes, Reid Oldenburg","doi":"10.18295/squmj.10.2024.065","DOIUrl":"10.18295/squmj.10.2024.065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a 34-year-old woman with severe scalp psoriasis presented to a dermatology clinic in San Diego, USA, in 2023. She developed acute self-harm ideations and major depressive symptoms shortly after initiating adalimumab treatment. The patient had a history of major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and anxiety, all well-controlled with multiple medications. Following the administration of adalimumab, she experienced intrusive thoughts of self-harm and exacerbation of depressive symptoms, prompting immediate discontinuation of the drug. The patient's symptoms resolved completely 3 weeks after discontinuation. This case highlights the potential psychiatric risks associated with adalimumab therapy for psoriasis, especially in patients with pre-existing mental health conditions. Dermatologists should carefully evaluate patients for psychiatric disorders and suicide risk factors before initiating treatment and be vigilant in monitoring for adverse psychiatric events during therapy. Proper counselling and prompt identification of adverse events are crucial to prevent serious outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":22083,"journal":{"name":"Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"159-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12244242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Infectious Diseases: <i>Hopes and Hurdles</i>.","authors":"Hawra Al-Lawati, Abdullah Balkhair","doi":"10.18295/2075-0528.2828","DOIUrl":"10.18295/2075-0528.2828","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22083,"journal":{"name":"Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"183-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12240029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Liver Function: <i>Albuminuria and a novel Child-Turcotte-Pugh-AlbU score improve mortality prediction in medical intensive care unit patients with hepatic encephalopathy</i>.","authors":"Ahmed Alwassief, Said A Al-Busafi, Khalid Al Shamousi, Ashraf Elbahrawy, Hossam Shahba, Hafez Abdelhafeez","doi":"10.18295/2075-0528.2837","DOIUrl":"10.18295/2075-0528.2837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate whether incorporating albuminuria (Alb) into the Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score improves the prediction of mortality in patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study was conducted between January 2013 and January 2015 at Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. Patients who were diagnosed with HE at the time of admission to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) were included. Upon admission, patients underwent HE grading, CTP classification, and an albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) assessment. A novel scoring system, CTP-AlbU, was calculated by combining existing CTP scores with the admission degree of ACR. The primary outcome measure was MICU mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 78 consecutive cirrhotic patients were included in this study with a mean age of 57.65 ± 12.9 years, with equal male and female distribution. HE grades were categorised as 2, 3, and 4 in 16 (20.5%), 44 (56.4%), and 18 (23.1%) patients, respectively. CTP classifications were B and C in 12 (15.4%) and 66 (84.6%) patients, respectively. The overall mortality rate was 32.1%. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between increased mortality and both elevated ACR and higher CTP-AlbU scores. Furthermore, the CTP-AlbU score emerged as an independent risk factor for mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that incorporating albuminuria into the CTP score, resulting in the CTP-AlbU score, enhances the prediction of mortality in HE patients. This novel scoring system displayed superior sensitivity compared to the original CTP score, suggesting its potential as a tool for predicting short-term outcomes in this patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":22083,"journal":{"name":"Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"266-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12240152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: The Effect of Group Prenatal Care on the Empowerment of Pregnant Adolescents: <i>Randomised controlled trial</i>.","authors":"","doi":"10.18295/2075-0528.2838","DOIUrl":"10.18295/2075-0528.2838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18295/SQUMJ.6.2023.041.].</p>","PeriodicalId":22083,"journal":{"name":"Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12244290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence-Based Medicine: <i>Knowledge, attitudes and practices among senior medical students and interns in Oman</i>.","authors":"Rahma S Al-Hadhrami, Al-Ghaliya N Al-Shaqsi, Zahran M Al Thuhli, Maryam Y Al Sabbari","doi":"10.18295/2075-0528.2857","DOIUrl":"10.18295/2075-0528.2857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Evidence-based medicine (EBM) provides a systematic method for navigating an extensive repository of information and making well-informed judgements regarding patient care. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical knowledge, attitudes and practices related to EBM among medical students and interns in Oman and to identify gaps between general awareness and comprehension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2023 to February 2024 at Sultan Qaboos University. An online survey incorporating the Noor Evidence-Based Medicine Questionnaire was used to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices related to EBM. Responses were scored using a 5-point Likert scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 230 medical students and interns completed the survey (response rate = 46%; the optimal sample size was determined to be 218 participants). The participants' mean age was 24.2 ± 1.5 years, with the majority being female (n = 124, 53.9%). Most participants (n = 191, 83%) indicated having previously received EBM training. Overall, participants demonstrated poor levels of EBM-related knowledge (mean percent score: 53.3 ± 5.7%), moderate attitudes (63.5 ± 7.6%) and poor practices (35.3 ± 7.4%). Specifically, 85.7% demonstrated moderate levels of EBM-related knowledge, 71.3% revealed neutral attitudes and 60% reported fair practices. No significant relationships were observed between prior EBM training history and knowledge, attitude or practice scores. However, a significant association was found between the knowledge domain and the level of study (<i>P</i> = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study's findings highlight the deficiencies in the current understanding of EBM among Omani medical students and interns. Further studies should investigate specific aspects such as the hours, topics and teaching methodologies used to provide EBM instruction. This will help identify gaps and devise mechanisms to improve knowledge retention.</p>","PeriodicalId":22083,"journal":{"name":"Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"453-461"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12244239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lead and Iron Levels in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood in Basrah, Iraq.","authors":"Balqees Kadhim Hasan, Jafar Sadek Abdulazeez, Meaad Kadhum Hassan, Hamid Jaddoah Abbas, Lamia Mustafa Al-Naama","doi":"10.18295/2075-0528.2840","DOIUrl":"10.18295/2075-0528.2840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Lead can pass from a mother to her developing foetus and is associated with well-established risks for the foetus. This study aimed to evaluate maternal and cord iron and lead levels and study the association of maternal and cord blood lead levels (BLLs) with newborn anthropometric measurements.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted at Basra Maternity and Children Hospital, Basrah, Iraq, and included women and their newborns over the period from January through June 2023. Blood samples from mothers and umbilical cords were collected and sent to determine the complete blood count and lead and iron levels. Linear regression and Pearson correlation were used to assess the association of maternal and cord BLLs with different maternal and neonatal variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 140 women and their newborns were included in this study. There was a significantly lower maternal haemoglobin (10.6 ± 1.4 g/dL) and serum iron (93.5 ± 44.8 μg/dL) levels compared to newborn levels (13.3 ± 1.8 g/dL and 135.0 ± 76.5 μg/dL, respectively; <i>P</i> <0.001). A significant negative correlation between maternal haemoglobin and cord BLLs (R2 = 0.12; <i>P</i> < 0.001) and a significant positive correlation between maternal and cord iron (B = 0.41; <i>P</i> < 0.05) levels and maternal BLLs with both cord iron (B = 4.78; <i>P</i> <0.05) and cord BLLs (R2 = 0.29; <i>P</i> <0.001) were reported. Furthermore, the Pearson correlation revealed a significant negative correlation between cord BLLs and infant birth weight (R2 = 0.06; <i>P</i> = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found that maternal BLLs were positively associated with both cord iron and cord BLLs. The cord BLL was negatively associated with maternal haemoglobin levels and infant birth weight. Preventive measures to reduce human lead exposure and monitor lead levels in pregnant women are important.</p>","PeriodicalId":22083,"journal":{"name":"Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"319-327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12244235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Multifaceted Nature of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.","authors":"Saif A Khan, Amanullah Baig, Dawood Riyami","doi":"10.18295/2075-0528.2827","DOIUrl":"10.18295/2075-0528.2827","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22083,"journal":{"name":"Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"300-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12240004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>-Induced Mucositis Sine Rash: <i>Case report in an adult patient</i>.","authors":"Mónica Gómez-Manzanares, Víctor Haro Gónzalez-Vico, Marina Montero-García, Omar Al-Wattar Ceballos","doi":"10.18295/2075-0528.2907","DOIUrl":"10.18295/2075-0528.2907","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22083,"journal":{"name":"Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"792-793"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}