Surfaces and Interfaces最新文献

{"title":"Organically modified ZnO nanoparticles incorporated emulsion paints for antibacterial activity","authors":"Debarati Maity,&nbsp;Rahul Tade,&nbsp;Anagha Sabnis","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2025.107803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2025.107803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing issue of surface contamination highlights the urgent need for antibacterial nanocomposite coatings as durable and effective solutions for infection control in various fields. This study focuses on developing antibacterial nanocomposite emulsion paints by synthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and incorporating them into water-based emulsion paints. ZnO NPs were synthesized via a precipitation method using zinc acetate dihydrate and oxalic acid dihydrate, followed by surface modification through a sol-gel reaction with vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES). The modified ZnO NPs (V-ZnO) were characterized using FTIR, XRD, DLS, SEM, and EDS techniques. These nanoparticles were then incorporated into a butyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate (BA-MMA) copolymer at varying concentrations (0–3 wt. % of the total monomer) through conventional emulsion polymerization, and their mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties were assessed. A commercial emulsion was also analyzed for comparison. White emulsion paints were subsequently formulated using the emulsions containing V-ZnO nanoparticles as binders, alongside titanium dioxide (TiO₂) as a white pigment, talc and calcium carbonate as extenders, and various additives to enhance coating properties. The paints formulated were applied on masonry substrates and tested for mechanical, chemical, and antibacterial properties. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against <em>Escherichia coli</em> (Gram-negative) and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (Gram-positive) bacteria using agar disk diffusion and broth dilution methods. The results indicated that emulsion paints containing 1 % V-ZnO nanoparticles exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These nanocomposite emulsion paints show significant potential for use in healthcare facilities, schools, and other public spaces where controlling the spread of infectious diseases is essential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107803"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zirconium-based MOF-808 loaded magnetic biochar derived from biomass: Magnetic nanocomposite characterization and adsorption performance","authors":"Seyed Jamaleddin Peighambardoust ,&nbsp;Kosar Rasoulpour ,&nbsp;Ali Akbari ,&nbsp;Hamid Safarzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2025.107801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2025.107801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the synthesis of the novel zirconium-based MOF-808-loaded magnetic biochar. The MOF-808 (Zr) was synthesized employing solvothermal techniques and embedded on the CoFe₂O₄ loaded biochar derived from pistachio shell biochar (PSB) through a wet impregnation technique, resulting in the magnetic nanocomposite (PSB/CoFe₂O₄/MOF-808 (Zr)). The fabricated materials were characterized using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Mapping (EDS-Map), and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) techniques. Adsorptive performance was evaluated through methylene blue (MB) uptake. The maximum MB adsorption efficiencies were 97.78, 98.45, and 99.43 % in pH of 10, 25 °C, 10 mg/L of MB, 2.5, 1.5, and 1 g/L of adsorbent dose and 60, 60, and 80 min of contact time, for PSB, PSB/CoFe₂O₄, and PSB/CoFe₂O4/MOF-808 (Zr), respectively. The pseudo-second-order (PSO) and Langmuir models outperformed other models in fitting with adsorption experimental data. Thermodynamic evaluations demonstrated that MB adsorption was exothermic and spontaneous. The results also showed that co-existing K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Na⁺ cations decreased the MB adsorption efficiency. Additionally, all adsorbents retained reasonable adsorption performance, achieving over 70 % efficiency after seven adsorption-desorption cycles. Electrostatic attractions, <em>n-</em>π, π-π, and H-bonding interactions were identified as the dominant mechanisms driving the MB adsorption process. High surface area, abundant functional groups, fast kinetics, and acceptable reusability of the PSB/CoFe₂O₄/MOF-808 (Zr) demonstrated its potential as a promising adsorbent for practical wastewater applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107801"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From powder morphology to catalytic behavior: Unraveling the role of spherical/flaky Al powders in cold-sprayed coating’s electrochemical activity for alkaline electrolysis","authors":"Xiangyun Zhang ,&nbsp;Guang Xu ,&nbsp;Liangliang He ,&nbsp;Taikai Liu ,&nbsp;Yingchun Xie ,&nbsp;Peiqing La","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2025.107799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2025.107799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen energy is regarded as a promising clean alternative to fossil fuels, yet the efficiency of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline electrolytes remains limited by the low catalytic activity of nickel-based electrodes. In this study, porous Ni electrodes were fabricated via cold spraying mixed powders of Ni + spherical Al or Ni + flake Al onto Ni substrates, followed by activation treatment. The influence of powder morphology on the porous structure and catalytic performance was systematically investigated. The Ni + spherical Al electrode exhibited remarkable HER activity, requiring only 0.32 V and 0.42 V overpotentials to achieve current densities of -100 and -250 mA cm⁻², respectively, while maintaining excellent durability under long-term cycling. These remarkable HER performance can be attributed to the synergistic effects of large electrochemical active surface area, excellent HER stability, and superior charge transfer capability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107799"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of adsorption parameters of bromocresol green dye and Acacia mangium wood activated carbon: Kinetics, thermodynamics, isotherm, and surface interaction mechanism","authors":"Mohammed Danish ,&nbsp;Tanweer Ahmad ,&nbsp;Mohd Gulfam Alam ,&nbsp;Mohamad Shazeli Che Zain ,&nbsp;Mohd Hazim Mohamad Amini ,&nbsp;Selvaraj Mohana Roopan ,&nbsp;Muzafar Bin Zulkifli","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2025.107798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2025.107798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to optimize the adsorption capacity of <em>Acacia mangium</em> wood activated carbon (AMW-AC) against bromocresol green (BCG) dye using a face-centered central composite design of response surface methodology (RSM). The variables considered for optimization are AMW-AC dosage (0.5-1.5 g/L), contact time (30-120 min), and BCG dye initial concentration (50-300 mg/L) to maximize the adsorption capacity (mg/g) of AMW-AC. The statistical design resulted in a quadratic model with only two significant factors: adsorbent dosage and initial concentration of BCG dye. The contact time was not an important factor because the adsorption was quick, and maximum adsorption occurred within 30 minutes of the contact time. The adsorption capacity data fit well in the proposed RSM model, which indicates that the control change in independent variables (AMW-AC dose, contact time, and initial BCG dye concentration) regulated the variability in the response (adsorption capacity). The optimal value of independent variables for the maximum adsorption capacity of AMW-AC (580.4 ± 11.4 mg/g) was 0.5 g/L of AMW-AC dosage, 30 min of contact time, and 300 mg/L of BCG dye concentration. The kinetic data of BCG dye adsorption followed the pseudo-second order model, and the isotherm data fit well with the Freundlich isotherm model (predicted q_max 586.22 mg/g). Thermodynamic evaluation of BCG dye adsorption data revealed that adsorption was exothermic and spontaneous. This study also illustrated the BCG adsorption mechanism. The AMW-AC adsorbent surface is mostly comprised of C, N, O, and P-based functional groups. The adsorption mechanism between the BCG molecules and the AMW-AC surface involved chemical functional group interactions and the entrapment of hydrated dye molecules in the pores. The energy values calculated from the isotherms and thermodynamics stated that the adsorption of BCG dye onto the AMW-AC was due to a weak van der Waals force.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107798"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Density functional prediction of the stabilities, electronic, optical, and photocatalytic properties of 2D Janus XMoNH (X = S and Se) monolayers","authors":"Xiang Lin ,&nbsp;Yunlong Yu ,&nbsp;Hong Xie ,&nbsp;Zhuo Mao ,&nbsp;Tingting Bo ,&nbsp;Yilin Lu ,&nbsp;Jiesen Li ,&nbsp;Shengjie Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2025.107797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2025.107797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The stabilities, electronic, optical, and photocatalytic properties of two-dimensional (2D) Janus SMoNH and SeMoNH are studied by first-principles calculations. Good thermodynamic, lattice dynamic, thermal, and mechanical stabilities are demonstrated for these two 2D Janus materials. The HSE06 hybrid functional calculation reveals direct bandgaps of 2.31 eV and 2.19 eV for 2D Janus SMoNH and SeMoNH, respectively. Their effective masses and optical absorption coefficients are anisotropic. Along the <em>a</em>(xx) and <em>b</em>(yy) directions, their light absorptions cover from visible light to ultraviolet light. The internal electric fields make photogenerated electrons and holes separate at two opposite surfaces during visible-light-driven water splitting. 2D Janus SMoNH enables photocatalytic water splitting over a broad pH range of 0–14, whereas 2D Janus SeMoNH is effective only from pH = 7 to pH = 14. Under biaxial compressive strain, their bandgaps increase firstly and then decrease, while biaxial tensile strain reduces their bandgaps monotonically. Within the visible spectrum, biaxial compressive and tensile strains induce their optical absorptions blue- and red-shifts, respectively. For the photocatalytic water splitting, the 2D Janus SMoNH remains a broad pH range of 0–14 within biaxial strain from -6 % to +6 %, while the pH range of 2D Janus SeMoNH keeps 7–14 only under biaxial tensile strain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107797"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Click” surface modification of porous carbon fibers by benzophenone photochemisty and its application on oil-water separation","authors":"Wenyue Cui ,&nbsp;Pengfei Yang ,&nbsp;Feng Ma ,&nbsp;Junying Li ,&nbsp;Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Yuting Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiliang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2025.107789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2025.107789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface modification endows materials with diverse properties conveniently, enabling researches in specific fields and applications in various scenarios. However, the challenge of surface modification lies in the difficulty of precisely controlling the modification degree under convinent conditons. In response to this challenge, we propose a new concept of “click” surface modification. Based on this, hydrophobic benzophenone was efficiently modified on the surface of carbon fibers by mild photo-initiated chemical modification, and the amount of hydrophobic groups on the surface was accurately measured and easily controlled. The modified carbon fibers exhibited expected performance, which were directly gravity-driven to achieve the separation of various oil-water mixtures and water-in-oil emulsions without any external stimulation. This study not only opens up the research field of “click” surface modification on the basis of benzophenone photochemistry, but also greatly enriches the application of carbon fibers in oil-water separation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107789"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-pot synthesis of ZnO/g-C3N4 with enhanced photocatalytic activity for levofloxacin degradation and uranium extraction","authors":"Liang Huang ,&nbsp;Fengyao Fan ,&nbsp;Pengcheng Xian ,&nbsp;Cheng Chen ,&nbsp;Yanjing Yang ,&nbsp;Chunhai Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2025.107790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2025.107790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study synthesized ZnO/g-C₃N₄ heterojunctions via a facile one-pot method. Specifically, solid-state grinding of Zn(OH)₂ and melamine followed by calcination at 550 °C for 4 h enabled in situ co-growth of ZnO and g-C₃N₄. Characterization through XRD, FTIR, XPS, and SEM confirmed successful synthesis of the material by revealing its microstructure and chemical composition. TG and BET analyses further revealed enhanced active sites in the composite relative to individual components. UV-Vis DRS, EIS, and Mott-Schottky measurements validated superior optoelectronic properties of the hybrid material. Under simulated solar irradiation (55 W Xe lamp), ZC-10 (1.0 g/L) achieved 92 % degradation of levofloxacin (LVF, 10 mg/L in 100 mL solution) within 120 min, exhibiting reaction rates 2.4-fold and 3.8-fold higher than pristine ZnO and g-C₃N₄, respectively. Notably, in uranium extraction experiments (100 W Xe lamp), ZC-10 (0.20 g/L) achieved a total uranium removal mass of 398 mg/g with 99 % efficiency from 50 mL of 80 mg/L U(VI) solution after 240 min. Cycling tests confirmed the robust stability of the photocatalyst. Mechanistic investigations via EPR and targeted quenching experiments identified <span><math><mrow><mo>·</mo><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span> as the primary reactive species responsible for LVF degradation. This integrated ZnO/g-C₃N₄ system demonstrates great potential for environmental engineering applications in antibiotic remediation and uranium recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107790"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alpha particle fluence-dependent physico-chemical properties of polycarbonate (Makrofol) surface after electrochemical etching","authors":"Reyhaneh Sadat Motevallian ,&nbsp;Parviz Parvin ,&nbsp;Seyedeh Zahra Mortazavi ,&nbsp;Ali Reyhani ,&nbsp;Nafiseh Sadat Kalantari ,&nbsp;Negin Nezamlou ,&nbsp;Amir Jafargholi ,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Aghaei ,&nbsp;Mahdi Ebrahimi ,&nbsp;Mehdi Sohrabi","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2025.107781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2025.107781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The optical properties of polycarbonate (Makrofol) samples are investigated under alpha irradiation with 2 MeV energy at various fluences ranging from of 10³ to 10⁶ alpha/cm², following the electrochemical etching (ECE). Several microanalyses are carried out to characterize the optical, chemical, and structural properties of the samples, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and BET analysis. Surface features and functionalities are further assessed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and attenuated total reflectance/Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Additionally, surface wettability is examined through contact angle measurements. Image processing of micrographs obtained from FESEM is utilized to determine track density, induced micro-hole diameter, and corresponding depth. Finally, machine learning (ML) is employed to accurately predict unknown patterns induced by the combined alpha irradiation and ECE. Specifically, k-nearest neighbors (KNN) classification with Bayesian optimization is used to identify alpha fluence levels with 90.1 % accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107781"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular-level insight into CNT-decorated La2Mo4O15 nanocomposites for antimony adsorption from aqueous media: Machine learning simulation, interfacial behavior, and recyclability in supercapacitor electrolytic environments","authors":"Fouzia Mashkoor ,&nbsp;Mohd Shoeb ,&nbsp;Sayed Mohammed Adnan ,&nbsp;Javed Alam Khan ,&nbsp;Mohammed Ashraf Gondal ,&nbsp;Changyoon Jeong","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2025.107788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2025.107788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of multifunctional materials capable of addressing both environmental remediation and energy storage is essential for advancing sustainable technologies. In this study, La₂Mo₄O₁₅/carbon nanotube (LaMo/CNT) nanocomposites were prepared and investigated as adsorbent material for Sb(III) removal and high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. The nanocomposites demonstrated removal efficiency of 88.7 % for Sb(III), with adsorption kinetics following a pseudo-II order model. The adsorption performance was governed by synergistic interactions including electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and inner-sphere complexation. Machine learning models (ANN, NLR, and SVR) were employed to infer Sb(III) adsorption efficacy, with the ANN model showing superior predictive accuracy. High-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed chemical state evolution of La, Mo, Sb, and O before and after Sb(III) adsorption and thermal activation. The appearance of distinct Sb 3d peaks confirmed successful immobilization, while post-activation spectral shifts indicated partial oxidation to Sb(V), consistent with Sb-O-M (<em>M</em> = La, Mo) coordination and enhanced redox activity. The Sb-adsorbed nanocomposites were repurposed as supercapacitor electrodes, delivering a specific capacitance of 824.44 F/g at 1.5 A/g and surpassing the performance of pristine LaMo/CNT (783.21 F/g). The assembled symmetric device retained 90.2 % capacitance after 15,000 cycles and achieved an energy density of 73.53 Wh/kg at 750 W/kg. This work proposes a sustainable waste-to-energy pathway by integrating machine learning, interfacial chemistry, and multifunctional design for environmental and energy applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107788"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8/chitosan composite beads for Cu2+ removal and circular utilization as catalysts for the reduction of nitrophenols and organic dyes","authors":"Atipong Nachaichot,&nbsp;Chonnakarn Panawong,&nbsp;Surangkhana Budsombat","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2025.107787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2025.107787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to their detrimental impacts on human health and the environment, removing heavy ions and organic pollutants from wastewater is a significant concern. This study described the preparation of bio-adsorbents using crosslinked chitosan (CS) and zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) for Cu²⁺ adsorption. ZIF-8 addition improved the adsorption capacity of the bare crosslinked CS beads. At the optimal 5 % ZIF-8 concentration, the adsorption capacity increased by 38 %. The 5ZIF-8/CS composite beads had a 94.3 % removal efficiency and a 49.0 mg/g adsorption capacity at a dosage of 2 g/L, an initial Cu²⁺ concentration of 100 mg/L, and a contact time of 4 h. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics and Langmuir models, respectively. The Cu²⁺-adsorbed 5ZIF-8/CS composite beads were pyrolyzed to produce copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) immobilized in carbonaceous beads, namely CuNP/carbon composites. Subsequently, they were circularly utilized as catalysts for reducing 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). The composite catalyst could completely reduce 4-NP within 30 min at a 0.248 min^–1 rate constant using a dosage of 0.6 g/L and a sodium borohydride concentration of 100 mM. The composite catalyst could be utilized for a broad pH range. Moreover, the catalyst was effective when assessed in real water samples and in the presence of common inorganic anions and natural organic matter. The catalyst could be easily recovered through filtration and could completely reduce 4-NP for at least five reuse cycles. Additionally, the catalyst effectively reduced 2-nitrophenol and various organic dyes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107787"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}