Stroke Research and Treatment最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Trunk Function on Assisted Gait and Independence in Patients With Acute Stroke.","authors":"Masahiro Ishiwatari, Akihiro Ogawa, Masato Hayakawa, Satoshi Kido","doi":"10.1155/srat/9436252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/srat/9436252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Achieving independent gait at discharge from an acute care hospital remains challenging, necessitating the identification of factors associated with different levels of gait assistance. Unlike previous studies, this study emphasizes the prognostic value of the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) when assessed within 48 h of stroke onset. Our findings highlight the predictive utility of early trunk function assessment in determining gait assistance levels at discharge and provide actionable insights for optimizing rehabilitation planning in acute care settings.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study is aimed at comparing gait assistance levels at discharge among patients with acute stroke and examining the association between gait assistance and trunk function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective observational study included 115 stroke patients who were unable to achieve independent gait at discharge from an acute care hospital. Evaluations were conducted within 48 h of stroke onset and the day before discharge. Trunk function was assessed using the TIS, a practical bedside tool for evaluating core stability. Gait ability at discharge was classified as mild, moderate, or severe.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences in TIS scores were observed between the mild and moderate assistance groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05), mild and severe assistance groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and moderate and severe assistance groups (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The odds ratio (OR) for TIS scores was 1.53 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-2.20, <i>p</i> < 0.05) when comparing the mild and moderate assistance groups. For the moderate and severe assistance groups, the OR was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.53-0.92, <i>p</i> = 0.01). No significant associations were found for other variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TIS score was strongly associated with gait assistance level, underscoring their predictive value for discharge gait ability. Early TIS assessments facilitate accurate prognostication and support the development of individualized rehabilitation plans, potentially improving functional outcomes in acute care settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9436252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13096684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147781388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Troponin Elevation Is a Potential Marker for Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke in Intensive Care Units: A Retrospective Observational Study.","authors":"Xianming Qiu, Lei Zhou, Bingyun Wu, Yang Yang, Brayal Dsouza, Weiwei Huang, Paulo Moreira","doi":"10.1155/srat/9914971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/srat/9914971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>By considering risk factors of patients with acute ischemic stroke in the neurology department and intensive care unit (ICU), the study explored which indicators affected the patient's condition, and by comparing the biochemical indicators of survival and death patients with ischemic stroke in ICU, the study explored which biomarkers can be associated with the patient's prognosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study retrospectively analyzed 27 patients with acute ischemic stroke from ICU and 43 patients from the neurology department. The analysis indicators include medical history, lifestyle habits, electrocardiogram, biochemical indicators, and inflammatory cytokines. The study compared the differences in the above factors between patients admitted to the ICU and those not admitted to the ICU. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors affecting the death of patients transferred to ICU.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neutrophilic granulocyte and D-dimer in patients with ischemic stroke from ICU were significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In ICU, compared with patients alive, we found that cardiac troponin I in patients who finally died was significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05, OR is 29.250, and 95% CI is 2.789, 306.811).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Acute ischemic stroke patients with higher neutrophils and D-dimer were more likely to enter into the ICU. Cardiac troponin I elevation seems to be associated with the poor prognosis of patients in ICU.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9914971"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12976575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147445141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between TSH Level and Stroke Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the mRS.","authors":"Afshin Moradi, Asal Ebrahimian, Seyed Ardalan Alhoseini, Kosar Baghernezhad, Amir Ghaffarzad, Sona Abolhasani, Vahideh Sadra, Samad Shams Vahdati","doi":"10.1155/srat/2316652","DOIUrl":"10.1155/srat/2316652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stroke is a major global health issue with numerous contributing risk factors. One of the most important risk factors of stroke is cardiovascular disease. Other risk factors include dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes, and thyroid dysfunction which are known to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. As dysfunction of the thyroid and its related hormones such as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are in correlation with cardiovascular disease, which may lead to stroke, investigating the correlation between TSH levels and the severity of stroke is worth attention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted in Imam Reza Hospital in Tabriz, Iran, from March 2021 to March 2023. In this study, 204 stroke patients whose TSH levels were evaluated were included. Data on age, gender, comorbidities, TSH levels, stroke subtype, and disability severity (measured by the modified Rankin scale [mRS] before admission, during admission, at discharge, and after 3 months) were analyzed using SPSS Version 22.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 204 patients, TSH levels of 35 (17.2%) patients were below the range (TSH < 0.39), 154 (75.5%) patients within the range (TSH: 0.39-6.19), and 15 (7.4%) patients had TSH levels above the range (TSH > 6.19). There is a weak to moderate but statistically significant correlation between mRS and TSH level during admission (<i>R</i> = -0.25, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and at discharge (<i>R</i> = -0.28, <i>p</i> < 0.01). However, there is a nonsignificant correlation before admission (<i>R</i> = -0.10, <i>p</i> = 0.174) and 3 months after discharge (<i>R</i> = -0.12, <i>p</i> = 0.137). There is not a significant difference among TSH groups comparing their age, gender, type of stroke, and CT scan findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elevated TSH levels may be associated with less severe stroke symptoms at both admission and discharge. Further studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to better understand the relationship between thyroid function and stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":"2025 ","pages":"2316652"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12767668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145913057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Stroke Risk Using Machine Learning: A Data-Driven Approach to Early Detection and Prevention.","authors":"Muhammed Sutcu, Dana Jouda, Baris Yildiz, Juliano Katrib, Khaled Mohamad Almustafa","doi":"10.1155/srat/2892726","DOIUrl":"10.1155/srat/2892726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stroke is a major global health concern and a leading cause of disability and mortality, emphasizing the need for early risk prediction and intervention. This study leverages statistical analysis, machine learning (ML) classification, clustering, and survival modeling to identify key stroke predictors using a dataset of 5110 records. Descriptive statistics reveal that age, glucose levels, BMI, hypertension, and heart disease are the most influential risk factors. Stroke prevalence is notably higher among hypertensive (13.25%) and heart disease patients (17.03%), as well as among former (7.91%) and current smokers (5.32%). Clustering analysis using PCA and t-SNE highlights high-risk groups with elevated glucose levels and advanced age. Among ML models, XGBoost offers the best trade-off between precision and recall, while naïve Bayes achieves the highest recall (0.404), detecting more stroke cases despite higher false positives. Feature importance analysis ranks glucose, BMI, and age as dominant predictors, with XGBoost emphasizing cardiovascular conditions. Survival analysis confirms increasing stroke risk beyond age 60, with the Kaplan-Meier and Cox models showing a 31.9% risk increase linked to hypertension. These findings underscore the importance of early screening, lifestyle intervention, and targeted care. Future research should explore data-balancing methods like SMOTE and develop real-time tools to support clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":"2025 ","pages":"2892726"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12640753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145597628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Mechanism of MLC 901 in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Review.","authors":"Ilsa Hunaifi, Andi Kurnia Bintang, Jumraini Tammasse, Isra' Wahid, Mochammad Hatta, Andi Asadul Islam, Andi Alfian Zainuddin, Paulus Sugianto","doi":"10.1155/srat/8973724","DOIUrl":"10.1155/srat/8973724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of stroke all around the world. Ischemic stroke can cause severe and irreversible damage to the brain. Brain neuroprotection is a promising treatment strategy. Moleac (MLC) 901, a traditional Chinese medicine, is one alternative adjunctive therapy that enhances neuroprotection. The molecular mechanism of MLC 901 in reducing brain damage in stroke needs to be further explored. Therefore, a review was conducted. MLC 901 effectively improves cognitive function and aids in poststroke recovery by promoting neuroprotection and neuroplasticity in neurons that have suffered ischemic damage. It also increases blood supply to the brain. Studies have shown that MLC 901 operates through complex pathways, particularly by stimulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, facilitating neurogenesis, promoting cell proliferation, and aiding in neuronal growth. These mechanisms collectively contribute to its neuroprotective effects by helping neurons survive, repairing brain tissue, and enhancing functional recovery after a stroke. Ischemic stroke induces a cascade leading to apoptosis. MLC 901 has neuroprotective and neuroplasticity effects by stimulating cell proliferation, synaptogenesis, and neuronal growth by various pathways, thereby inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation in acute ischemic stroke. MLC 901 reduces brain damage, improves motor function, and increases survival rate in acute ischemic stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8973724"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12578565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145432192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Incidence of Intracranial Haemorrhage-Related Hospitalisations and Mortality in England 2014-2019.","authors":"Katherine J Creeper, Andrew C Stafford, Allycia MacDonald, Arvind Chandratheva, Alexander T Cohen","doi":"10.1155/srat/6671568","DOIUrl":"10.1155/srat/6671568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Intracranial haemorrhage (ICrH) is the most frequent cause of bleeding-related death. However, few studies describe the national incidence of ICrH-related acute hospitalisations and mortality. We report the national burden and incidence of hospitalisation and mortality of ICrH and its subtypes. <b>Methods:</b> A population-based review in England between 2014 and 2019 of acute admissions or deaths was undertaken. Admission and mortality data were obtained from electronic databases (traumatic death data were unavailable). ICrH events were identified by the International Classification of Diseases Version 10 codes. ICrH were subclassified by anatomical site and either traumatic or atraumatic cause. <b>Results:</b> In the 6-year study period, there was a total of 468,996 hospitalisations for ICrH, of which 280,003 (59.7%) were atraumatic and 188,993 (40.3%) were traumatic. Then, 50,004 atraumatic ICrH-related deaths were recorded; of these deaths, 43,061 were subclassified by anatomical site. The mean annual incidence rates (per 100,000 person years) were 141.0 for ICrH-related hospitalisations and 15.0 for atraumatic ICrH-related mortality. Males had a 7% higher incidence rate for atraumatic ICrH-related hospitalisations (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.05-1.09, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Females had a higher mean annual atraumatic ICrH-related mortality (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.16-1.26, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Then, 23.4% (<i>n</i> = 109,770) of all ICrH hospitalisations occurred in patients ≥ 85 years. <b>Conclusion:</b> The majority of ICrH acute hospitalisations (59.7%) were atraumatic. Sex differences were seen in outcome measurements: males had a higher overall incidence of hospitalisation; however, females had a higher incidence of atraumatic ICrH-related mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6671568"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12496138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stroke in Ghana: A Situational Analysis.","authors":"Samuel Darkwah, Aaron Awere-Duodu, Bismark Opoku-Asare, Eric S Donkor","doi":"10.1155/srat/1622597","DOIUrl":"10.1155/srat/1622597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stroke ranks among the Top 3 leading causes of death and disability in Ghana. This review examines the current state of stroke in the country, focusing on recent developments and challenges in stroke care and rehabilitation. Historical and contemporary research indicates a rising prevalence of stroke-related morbidity and mortality, accompanied by a gradual shift from hemorrhagic to ischemic stroke, attributed mainly to the increasing adoption of Western lifestyles. Significant challenges to effective stroke care and rehabilitation exist, suggesting a potential worsening of the situation if these challenges are not addressed. With stroke morbidity and mortality expected to increase in the coming decades, there is an urgent need for substantial investments in stroke care, particularly in training healthcare professionals and providing adequate facilities and resources. Additionally, a comprehensive review of government health policies and stakeholder initiatives is necessary to enhance the quality of stroke care and mitigate the growing burden of stroke in Ghana.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1622597"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12496150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short Stature in Moyamoya Disease: A Systematic Review of Potential Mechanisms and Clinical Outcomes.","authors":"Abdallah M Mujbel, Lea Nohra, Haidar Karrar T Sabih, Rania H Al-Taie","doi":"10.1155/srat/5550395","DOIUrl":"10.1155/srat/5550395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a complex cerebrovascular disorder. While its neurological manifestations are well documented, the association between MMD and short stature remains underrecognized. This review explores potential mechanisms linking MMD with growth impairment, with a focus on endocrine and syndromic contributors. <b>Methods:</b> A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines using PubMed and Scopus databases. Studies reporting cases of MMD with short stature or growth impairment were included. Data were extracted on patient demographics, endocrine findings, genetic mutations, neuroimaging, management, and outcomes. A narrative synthesis approach was used due to heterogeneity in study designs. <b>Results:</b> Across 25 studies, 30 individuals with MMD and clinically significant short stature were identified, predominantly pediatric (2.5-52 years). Presentations frequently included seizures (<i>n</i> = 21), TIAs (<i>n</i> = 8), hemiparesis (<i>n</i> = 7), cognitive impairment (<i>n</i> = 8), and headaches (<i>n</i> = 3); in many, growth failure predated neurological events. Height deficits ranged from -2.13 to -23.7 SDS. Endocrine involvement was common: growth hormone deficiency (<i>n</i> ≈ 6), delayed bone age (<i>n</i> = 3), and other pituitary-thyroid-gonadal disturbances; a rare pituitary stalk duplication was reported. Management varied. Indirect revascularization in selected cases reduced recurrent ischemia; growth hormone therapy improved height velocity. Antiplatelets were commonly used; anticoagulation occasionally led to complications. Outcomes were heterogeneous; four deaths occurred, typically in patients with severe multisystem disease. <b>Conclusion:</b> Growth retardation in MMD is generally a manifestation of hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, chronic cerebral hypoxia, or genetic syndromes. The observations in the present study suggest that MMD may be part of a more generalized multisystemic disorder in some patients and needs multisystemic assessment and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5550395"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12436000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics, Etiology, Radiological Features, and Outcomes of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Young Adults at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Ismail A Khatri, Moath Almosa, Abdulah Alkahtani, Khaled Alanazi, Nazish Masud","doi":"10.1155/srat/5550380","DOIUrl":"10.1155/srat/5550380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Hypertension is the most common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The presentation, etiology, and outcome of ICH among young adults may vary compared to other age groups. The prior literature from our region has described a variety of etiologies with an inconsistent relationship to hypertension, which is the commonest cause of primary ICH in adults overall. <b>Objective:</b> We aimed to determine the demographic pattern, clinical presentation, underlying etiology, radiological characteristics, and outcome of ICH among young adults in our population. <b>Methods:</b> This was an IRB-approved chart review that included patients from January 2016 to December 2020. Descriptive young adults were defined as people between 15 and 45 years and arbitrarily divided into threee further age groups. A variety of demographic, clinical, and radiological features were compared among the subgroups and presented as descriptive and comparative analyses. <b>Results:</b> A total of 120 patients were included; 110 (91.7%) were males. The mean age was 26.8 ± 7.4 years. Majority, 86 (73.5%), presented with loss of consciousness; 22 (18.8%) had seizures, 14 (13.2%) had headaches, and 13 (11.9%) had vomiting. Traditional vascular risk factors, hypertension (5.8%) and diabetes mellitus (2.5%) were uncommon. Mean GCS was 7 ± 4. The commonest cause was trauma in 101 (84.2%) patients. Lobar hemorrhage was the commonest, 99 (83.2%); 92 (81.4%) had ICH volume < 30 mL, and ventricular involvement was seen in 43 (36.1%). Median ICH score was 2. Higher odds of mortality were observed among the oldest age group (OR 4.30, 95% CI 1.23-14.98, <i>p</i> = 0.022), higher ICH scores (OR 3.37, 95% CI 1.86-6.09, <i>p</i> < 0.001), ICH volume > 30 mL (OR 16.40, 95% CI 5.35-50.26, <i>p</i> < 0.001), ventricular extension (OR 5.60, 95% CI 2.14-14.68, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and nontraumatic ICH etiology (OR 3.59, 95% CI 1.26-10.26, <i>p</i> = 0.017). <b>Conclusions:</b> In our cohort, ICH was more common in young males; trauma being the leading cause of ICH. ICH resulted in significant morbidity and mortality in this population. Larger hemorrhages, ventricular involvement, and relatively older age were poor prognostic factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5550380"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12393945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144969656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thrombus Composition in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis.","authors":"Ghil Schwarz, Angelo Cascio Rizzo, Martina Di Como, Amedeo Cervo, Antonio Macera, Guglielmo Carlo Pero, Maria Costanza Aquilano, Beatrice dell'Acqua, Marco Bacigaluppi, Francesco Ruggieri, Arturo Chieregato, Emanuela Bonoldi, Mariangela Piano, Maria Sessa, Elio Clemente Agostoni","doi":"10.1155/srat/8650226","DOIUrl":"10.1155/srat/8650226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Aims:</b> Histological analysis of thrombi can enhance the understanding of pathophysiology. We aimed to analyze EVT-retrieved thrombi in cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), compare them with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) thrombi, and correlate their composition with CT density. <b>Methods:</b> Retrospective case-series, including five CVT and 10 AIS cases treated with EVT. Thrombus sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin; Picro Mallory for RBCs, fibrin, and collagen; and Prussian Blue for iron plus immunohistochemical staining with anti-CD61 (platelets), anti-MPO (neutrophils), anti-CD3 (T-cells), anti-CD20 (B-cells), anti-CD34 (endothelial cells), anti-CD68 (macrophages), and anti-citH3 (NETs). Thrombus components were quantified (Orbit) and expressed as a percentage of total area. The CVT-thrombus relative density (rHU) was calculated as HU thrombus/HU contralateral. <b>Results:</b> All CVT cases showed extensive thrombosis. Four patients had prior anticoagulation, and four had rHU > 1.00 with CT hyperdensity. The etiologies were heterogeneous. CVT thrombi were rich in red blood cells and displayed variable histological features, including signs of early organization. Compared to arterial thrombi, venous thrombi exhibited larger size (surface area 185.6 mm² [IQR 83.0-237.9] vs. 21.8 mm² [IQR 8.8-77.8]; <i>p</i> = 0.028) and lower fibrin content (16.6% [IQR 13.9-31.5] vs. 46.5% [IQR 25.1-49.5]; <i>p</i> = 0.036), with no other significant differences in composition. Low fibrin content and high RBC-to-fibrin ratio (<i>R</i> -0.9 and R 0.9, respectively; <i>p</i> = 0.047 for both) showed a significant correlation with rHU. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our exploratory study first shows that CVT thrombi are larger than AIS thrombi, with higher RBC content and lower fibrin, matching CT density. These findings enhance the understanding of CVT pathophysiology but need validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8650226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12208753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}