Stroke Research and Treatment最新文献

{"title":"National Incidence of Intracranial Haemorrhage-Related Hospitalisations and Mortality in England 2014-2019.","authors":"Katherine J Creeper, Andrew C Stafford, Allycia MacDonald, Arvind Chandratheva, Alexander T Cohen","doi":"10.1155/srat/6671568","DOIUrl":"10.1155/srat/6671568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Intracranial haemorrhage (ICrH) is the most frequent cause of bleeding-related death. However, few studies describe the national incidence of ICrH-related acute hospitalisations and mortality. We report the national burden and incidence of hospitalisation and mortality of ICrH and its subtypes. <b>Methods:</b> A population-based review in England between 2014 and 2019 of acute admissions or deaths was undertaken. Admission and mortality data were obtained from electronic databases (traumatic death data were unavailable). ICrH events were identified by the International Classification of Diseases Version 10 codes. ICrH were subclassified by anatomical site and either traumatic or atraumatic cause. <b>Results:</b> In the 6-year study period, there was a total of 468,996 hospitalisations for ICrH, of which 280,003 (59.7%) were atraumatic and 188,993 (40.3%) were traumatic. Then, 50,004 atraumatic ICrH-related deaths were recorded; of these deaths, 43,061 were subclassified by anatomical site. The mean annual incidence rates (per 100,000 person years) were 141.0 for ICrH-related hospitalisations and 15.0 for atraumatic ICrH-related mortality. Males had a 7% higher incidence rate for atraumatic ICrH-related hospitalisations (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.05-1.09, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Females had a higher mean annual atraumatic ICrH-related mortality (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.16-1.26, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Then, 23.4% (<i>n</i> = 109,770) of all ICrH hospitalisations occurred in patients ≥ 85 years. <b>Conclusion:</b> The majority of ICrH acute hospitalisations (59.7%) were atraumatic. Sex differences were seen in outcome measurements: males had a higher overall incidence of hospitalisation; however, females had a higher incidence of atraumatic ICrH-related mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6671568"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12496138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stroke in Ghana: A Situational Analysis.","authors":"Samuel Darkwah, Aaron Awere-Duodu, Bismark Opoku-Asare, Eric S Donkor","doi":"10.1155/srat/1622597","DOIUrl":"10.1155/srat/1622597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stroke ranks among the Top 3 leading causes of death and disability in Ghana. This review examines the current state of stroke in the country, focusing on recent developments and challenges in stroke care and rehabilitation. Historical and contemporary research indicates a rising prevalence of stroke-related morbidity and mortality, accompanied by a gradual shift from hemorrhagic to ischemic stroke, attributed mainly to the increasing adoption of Western lifestyles. Significant challenges to effective stroke care and rehabilitation exist, suggesting a potential worsening of the situation if these challenges are not addressed. With stroke morbidity and mortality expected to increase in the coming decades, there is an urgent need for substantial investments in stroke care, particularly in training healthcare professionals and providing adequate facilities and resources. Additionally, a comprehensive review of government health policies and stakeholder initiatives is necessary to enhance the quality of stroke care and mitigate the growing burden of stroke in Ghana.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1622597"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12496150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short Stature in Moyamoya Disease: A Systematic Review of Potential Mechanisms and Clinical Outcomes.","authors":"Abdallah M Mujbel, Lea Nohra, Haidar Karrar T Sabih, Rania H Al-Taie","doi":"10.1155/srat/5550395","DOIUrl":"10.1155/srat/5550395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a complex cerebrovascular disorder. While its neurological manifestations are well documented, the association between MMD and short stature remains underrecognized. This review explores potential mechanisms linking MMD with growth impairment, with a focus on endocrine and syndromic contributors. <b>Methods:</b> A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines using PubMed and Scopus databases. Studies reporting cases of MMD with short stature or growth impairment were included. Data were extracted on patient demographics, endocrine findings, genetic mutations, neuroimaging, management, and outcomes. A narrative synthesis approach was used due to heterogeneity in study designs. <b>Results:</b> Across 25 studies, 30 individuals with MMD and clinically significant short stature were identified, predominantly pediatric (2.5-52 years). Presentations frequently included seizures (<i>n</i> = 21), TIAs (<i>n</i> = 8), hemiparesis (<i>n</i> = 7), cognitive impairment (<i>n</i> = 8), and headaches (<i>n</i> = 3); in many, growth failure predated neurological events. Height deficits ranged from -2.13 to -23.7 SDS. Endocrine involvement was common: growth hormone deficiency (<i>n</i> ≈ 6), delayed bone age (<i>n</i> = 3), and other pituitary-thyroid-gonadal disturbances; a rare pituitary stalk duplication was reported. Management varied. Indirect revascularization in selected cases reduced recurrent ischemia; growth hormone therapy improved height velocity. Antiplatelets were commonly used; anticoagulation occasionally led to complications. Outcomes were heterogeneous; four deaths occurred, typically in patients with severe multisystem disease. <b>Conclusion:</b> Growth retardation in MMD is generally a manifestation of hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, chronic cerebral hypoxia, or genetic syndromes. The observations in the present study suggest that MMD may be part of a more generalized multisystemic disorder in some patients and needs multisystemic assessment and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5550395"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12436000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics, Etiology, Radiological Features, and Outcomes of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Young Adults at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Ismail A Khatri, Moath Almosa, Abdulah Alkahtani, Khaled Alanazi, Nazish Masud","doi":"10.1155/srat/5550380","DOIUrl":"10.1155/srat/5550380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Hypertension is the most common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The presentation, etiology, and outcome of ICH among young adults may vary compared to other age groups. The prior literature from our region has described a variety of etiologies with an inconsistent relationship to hypertension, which is the commonest cause of primary ICH in adults overall. <b>Objective:</b> We aimed to determine the demographic pattern, clinical presentation, underlying etiology, radiological characteristics, and outcome of ICH among young adults in our population. <b>Methods:</b> This was an IRB-approved chart review that included patients from January 2016 to December 2020. Descriptive young adults were defined as people between 15 and 45 years and arbitrarily divided into threee further age groups. A variety of demographic, clinical, and radiological features were compared among the subgroups and presented as descriptive and comparative analyses. <b>Results:</b> A total of 120 patients were included; 110 (91.7%) were males. The mean age was 26.8 ± 7.4 years. Majority, 86 (73.5%), presented with loss of consciousness; 22 (18.8%) had seizures, 14 (13.2%) had headaches, and 13 (11.9%) had vomiting. Traditional vascular risk factors, hypertension (5.8%) and diabetes mellitus (2.5%) were uncommon. Mean GCS was 7 ± 4. The commonest cause was trauma in 101 (84.2%) patients. Lobar hemorrhage was the commonest, 99 (83.2%); 92 (81.4%) had ICH volume < 30 mL, and ventricular involvement was seen in 43 (36.1%). Median ICH score was 2. Higher odds of mortality were observed among the oldest age group (OR 4.30, 95% CI 1.23-14.98, <i>p</i> = 0.022), higher ICH scores (OR 3.37, 95% CI 1.86-6.09, <i>p</i> < 0.001), ICH volume > 30 mL (OR 16.40, 95% CI 5.35-50.26, <i>p</i> < 0.001), ventricular extension (OR 5.60, 95% CI 2.14-14.68, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and nontraumatic ICH etiology (OR 3.59, 95% CI 1.26-10.26, <i>p</i> = 0.017). <b>Conclusions:</b> In our cohort, ICH was more common in young males; trauma being the leading cause of ICH. ICH resulted in significant morbidity and mortality in this population. Larger hemorrhages, ventricular involvement, and relatively older age were poor prognostic factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5550380"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12393945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144969656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thrombus Composition in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis.","authors":"Ghil Schwarz, Angelo Cascio Rizzo, Martina Di Como, Amedeo Cervo, Antonio Macera, Guglielmo Carlo Pero, Maria Costanza Aquilano, Beatrice dell'Acqua, Marco Bacigaluppi, Francesco Ruggieri, Arturo Chieregato, Emanuela Bonoldi, Mariangela Piano, Maria Sessa, Elio Clemente Agostoni","doi":"10.1155/srat/8650226","DOIUrl":"10.1155/srat/8650226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Aims:</b> Histological analysis of thrombi can enhance the understanding of pathophysiology. We aimed to analyze EVT-retrieved thrombi in cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), compare them with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) thrombi, and correlate their composition with CT density. <b>Methods:</b> Retrospective case-series, including five CVT and 10 AIS cases treated with EVT. Thrombus sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin; Picro Mallory for RBCs, fibrin, and collagen; and Prussian Blue for iron plus immunohistochemical staining with anti-CD61 (platelets), anti-MPO (neutrophils), anti-CD3 (T-cells), anti-CD20 (B-cells), anti-CD34 (endothelial cells), anti-CD68 (macrophages), and anti-citH3 (NETs). Thrombus components were quantified (Orbit) and expressed as a percentage of total area. The CVT-thrombus relative density (rHU) was calculated as HU thrombus/HU contralateral. <b>Results:</b> All CVT cases showed extensive thrombosis. Four patients had prior anticoagulation, and four had rHU > 1.00 with CT hyperdensity. The etiologies were heterogeneous. CVT thrombi were rich in red blood cells and displayed variable histological features, including signs of early organization. Compared to arterial thrombi, venous thrombi exhibited larger size (surface area 185.6 mm² [IQR 83.0-237.9] vs. 21.8 mm² [IQR 8.8-77.8]; <i>p</i> = 0.028) and lower fibrin content (16.6% [IQR 13.9-31.5] vs. 46.5% [IQR 25.1-49.5]; <i>p</i> = 0.036), with no other significant differences in composition. Low fibrin content and high RBC-to-fibrin ratio (<i>R</i> -0.9 and R 0.9, respectively; <i>p</i> = 0.047 for both) showed a significant correlation with rHU. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our exploratory study first shows that CVT thrombi are larger than AIS thrombi, with higher RBC content and lower fibrin, matching CT density. These findings enhance the understanding of CVT pathophysiology but need validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8650226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12208753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Mindfulness for Cognitive and Mood Recovery in Stroke Survivors: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study.","authors":"Atekeh Mosannaei Najibi, Sama Rahnemayan, Alireza Poursoleimani, Rasoul Heshmati, Mohammad Ali Nazari, Erfan Golshan Shali, Ehsan Nasiri, Mehdi Farhoudi","doi":"10.1155/srat/3893469","DOIUrl":"10.1155/srat/3893469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Cognitive impairments and depression are common after stroke. Noninvasive treatments like transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and mindfulness-based interventions have shown potential for improving these outcomes, though their effects on stroke survivors remain unclear. This study is aimed at evaluating the efficacy of mindfulness and tDCS in enhancing cognitive function and alleviating depression in stroke survivors. <b>Methods:</b> This randomized controlled trial, conducted from July 2021 to July 2022, included 30 stroke survivors divided into three groups: mindfulness (<i>n</i> = 5), tDCS (<i>n</i> = 14), and control (<i>n</i> = 11). Cognitive function was measured using Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III), and depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) before and after interventions. The tDCS group received 10 sessions of anodal stimulation, and the mindfulness group underwent eight weekly sessions of mindfulness-based stress reduction. Data were analyzed using paired <i>t</i>-tests for within-group comparisons and ANOVA for between-group differences. <b>Results:</b> The tDCS group showed significant improvement in cognitive function, with ACE-III scores increasing by 9.14 ± 8.24 points (<i>p</i> = 0.02). Fluency and orientation scores also improved significantly in this group (<i>p</i> < 0.001 and <i>p</i> = 0.01, respectively). No significant cognitive changes were observed in the mindfulness group. Depression scores (BDI-II) did not change significantly in any group. <b>Conclusions:</b> tDCS significantly improved cognitive performance, particularly in fluency and orientation, while mindfulness showed no significant cognitive or depression-related effects. Future studies should explore the long-term impact of these interventions in stroke rehabilitation. <b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: IRCT20090716002195N3.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":"2025 ","pages":"3893469"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke due to Calcified Cerebral Emboli.","authors":"Hannes Schacht, Peter Schramm, Björn Machner, Björn-Hergen Laabs, Philipp J Koch, Ulf Jensen-Kondering, Alexander Neumann","doi":"10.1155/srat/5538938","DOIUrl":"10.1155/srat/5538938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Calcified cerebral emboli (CCEs) represent a rare cause of acute ischemic stroke and can pose technical challenges for neurointerventionalists. The few studies on endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) of CCE to date show poor recanalization rates and unfavorable outcomes. <b>Objective:</b> This study is aimed at investigating the technical and clinical results concerning EVT of CCE compared with noncalcified cerebral emboli (NCCEs). <b>Methods:</b> All cases of EVT for acute stroke from January 2014 to December 2021 from a single center were analyzed retrospectively. Emboli with a maximum density of ≥ 130 Hounsfield units on preinterventional CT scans were considered calcified. Propensity score matching was performed to compare technical and clinical results between patients with CCE and NCCE. <b>Results:</b> CCEs were present in 26 of 1004 cases (2.6%). Successful recanalization (mTICI ≥ 2b) was achieved less frequently in CCE (CCE: 62%, NCCE: 92%, <i>p</i> = 0.009). Also, first-pass reperfusion was less common in CCE (CCE: 12%, NCCE: 46%, <i>p</i> = 0.006). In CCE, infarct growth was more frequent (CCE: 81%, NCCE: 42%, <i>p</i> = 0.004) and more severe (<i>p</i> = 0.005). National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale improvement after EVT was lower in CCE patients (CCE: median 2, range -23 to 20, interquartile range (IQR) 2.75; NCCE: median 5, range -8 to 17, IQR 11, <i>p</i> = 0.008). <b>Conclusion:</b> First-pass reperfusion is less common in EVT of CCE. Also, there is a more frequent and severe infarct growth in CCE patients after EVT, which helps to understand the poorer clinical results. Thrombectomy devices optimized for CCE are desirable to improve outcomes in this subgroup of stroke patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5538938"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12119161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacotherapy for Poststroke Cognitive Impairment and Poststroke Cognitive Impairment With Dementia: A Review.","authors":"Renju Ravi, Saibal Das, Tahir Hakami, Prakash B M, Libby Pushparajan","doi":"10.1155/srat/6893801","DOIUrl":"10.1155/srat/6893801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) refers to any level of cognitive decline occurring after a stroke, ranging from mild to severe impairments, while PSCI with dementia describes a more severe form where the cognitive decline significantly affects daily functioning and meets the clinical criteria for dementia. PSCI occurs in more than half of individuals who have had a stroke. Despite its high prevalence, the pharmacotherapeutic options for PSCI are limited. Several pharmacotherapeutic options like cholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine) and <i>N</i>-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists (e.g., memantine) have shown potential in improving cognitive functions. However, their overall effectiveness remains inconsistent across different studies and patient populations. Newer drugs such as citicoline, cilostazol, and antidepressants have shown promise, but further research is needed to validate their efficacy and safety specifically for PSCI management.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6893801"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rivaroxaban Versus Warfarin for the Treatment of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis (RWCVT): A Randomized Controlled Trial in Resource-Limited Setting.","authors":"Ahmad Alkhawam, Lina Okar, Ibrahem Hanafi, Peyton Murin, Ali Ibrahim, Juman Isstaif, Eman Khashaneh, Rami Z Morsi, Tareq Kass-Hout","doi":"10.1155/srat/8893742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/srat/8893742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare but potentially debilitating form of stroke. Current management guidelines recommend a course of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) followed by an oral vitamin K antagonist. However, there is an emerging body of evidence to support the use of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) medications. Here, we assess the efficacy of rivaroxaban compared to the standard of care in a resource-limited setting. <b>Methods:</b> The study was designed as a Phase III, prospective, parallel, open-label, randomized controlled trial conducted in three sites in Syria. Seventy-one participants met inclusion criteria and were randomized 1:1 to receive either rivaroxaban or warfarin following initial bridging with LMWH for 3.5-12 days. The primary outcome was functional improvement determined by the Barthel Index. Secondary outcomes were adverse events during follow-up, including CVT recurrence, thrombotic events, intracranial pressure (ICP) requiring shunt placement, extra and intracranial bleeding, neurological deficit, and all-cause mortality. <b>Results:</b> Barthel Index scores did not differ between the study cohorts at 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-month follow-up. Secondary analysis yielded no difference in rates of adverse effects or return of CVT. Two patients in the warfarin group developed major extracranial bleeds (uterine bleeding); however, there were no other extracranial or intracranial bleeds or thrombotic events reported. Rates of all-cause mortality and all assessed adverse effects were similar between the groups. <b>Conclusion:</b> We offer a prospective, parallel randomized controlled trial that suggests rivaroxaban may have comparable safety and efficacy when compared to warfarin for the treatment of CVT. Importantly, we offer the first randomized control trial of oral anticoagulants for the treatment of CVT in a resource-limited setting, providing support for the evolving literature and suggesting the safety and efficacy of oral anticoagulants in the management of CVT. <b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04569279.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8893742"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12081145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Malta Gait Scale: A Time-Efficient Tool for Poststroke Assessment.","authors":"Valerio Sarmati, Carlos Carmona, Alessandro Morciano, Samuel Gutiérrez, Ingrid Velásquez, José Fernández","doi":"10.1155/srat/8849857","DOIUrl":"10.1155/srat/8849857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over 80% of stroke survivors experience walking dysfunction, impacting quality of life. Rehabilitation is crucial for gait recovery, and accurate assessments facilitate tailored programs. While computerized gait analysis is the gold standard, it is costly and requires specialized training, making observational gait analysis (OGA) more common. However, OGA can also be time-consuming. This study validates the Malta Gait Scale (MGS), a concise, illustrated 7-item observational tool using video recordings for gait measurements. The aim is to provide an effective, time-efficient method for gait evaluations by comparing the MGS with the established Wisconsin Gait Scale (WGS) and Gait Assessment Intervention Tool (GAIT), which have 14 and 31 items, respectively. Forty-nine participants were included in a retrospective study to validate the MGS. We evaluated its reliability using weighted Cohen's kappa (<i>κ</i>) for intrarater and interrater reliability. Concurrent validity was assessed by comparing the MGS with the WGS and GAIT scales using Spearman's rho (<i>ρ</i>). The Wilcoxon test assessed the efficacy of the MGS in detecting rehabilitation-induced changes, differentiating healthy from stroke participants, and evaluating time efficiency. The MGS demonstrated almost perfect agreement, with interrater and intrarater <i>κ</i> values of 0.952 and 0.977, respectively. It showed high positive correlations with the WGS and GAIT, with <i>ρ</i> values of 0.898 and 0.877. MGS required an average administration time of 7 min and 29 s, significantly less than the WGS (27 min and 46 s) and GAIT (50 min and 6 s) (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Following rehabilitation, significant improvements were observed in patients using both the MGS and WGS scales (<i>p</i> = 0.018), and the MGS effectively distinguished between healthy individuals and stroke patients (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The MGS is a valid, reliable, and efficient tool for gait assessment in stroke survivors, supporting smartphone use and facilitating rapid measurements in clinical settings where time is critical.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8849857"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}