Stroke Research and Treatment最新文献

{"title":"Renal Dysfunction Is an Independent Risk Factor for Poor Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated with Intravenous Thrombolysis: A New Cutoff Value","authors":"Elyar Sadeghi-Hokmabadi, D. Baş, M. Farhoudi, A. Taheraghdam, Daryoush Savadi Oskouei, M. Yazdchi, M. Hashemilar, N. Uzuner, Reshad Mirnour, E. Çolak, A. Özdemi̇r","doi":"10.1155/2017/2371956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2371956","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. This study was set to assess the effect of renal dysfunction on outcome of stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). Methods. This multicenter research involved 403 patients from January 2009 to March 2015. Patients were divided into two groups: (1) control group with GFR ≥ 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 and (2) low GFR group with GFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2. Outcome measurements were poor outcome (mRS 3–6) and mortality at 3 months and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) within the first 24–36 hours. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed, and odds ratios (ORs) were determined at 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results. Univariate analyses determined that every decrease of GFR by 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 significantly increased the risk of poor outcome (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.09–1.30, p < 0.001) and mortality (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.06–1.32, p = 0.002). In multivariate regression, adjusted for all variables with p value < 0.1, low GFR (GFR < 45 versus GFR equal to or more than 45) was associated with poor outcome (OR adjusted 2.15, 95% CI 1.01–4.56, p = 0.045). Conclusion. In IVT for acute stroke, renal dysfunction with GFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 before treatment determined increased odds for poor outcome compared to GFR of more than 45 mL/min/1.73 m2.","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74780745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance Training and Stroke: A Critical Analysis of Different Training Programs.","authors":"Bruno Bavaresco Gambassi, Hélio José Coelho-Junior, Paulo Adriano Schwingel, Fabiano de Jesus Furtado Almeida, Tânia Maria Gaspar Novais, Paula de Lourdes Lauande Oliveira, Bismarck Ascar Sauaia, Cristiane Dominice Melo, Marco Carlos Uchida, Bruno Rodrigues","doi":"10.1155/2017/4830265","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2017/4830265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to carry out a literature review on the overall benefits of resistance training (RT) after stroke and undertake a critical analysis of the resistance exercise programs surveyed (rest interval between sets and exercises, number of sets, number of repetitions, intensity, duration of training, and weekly frequency). To obtain articles for the review, we searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). Inclusion criteria were considered using the PICO (population, intervention, control/comparison, and outcome variables) model. The following characteristics were recorded for all articles: type of study, author, year of publication, participants (time after stroke, sample size, and age), benefits of RT, and structured resistance exercise programs. Positive effects of training were found on anxiety status, quality of life, muscle hypertrophy, cognitive function, strength, and muscle power. Only 5 studies described the main variables of RT in detail. Lack of control of some variables of RT may negatively affect the results of this practice. The findings of the present study may further inform health and physical conditioning professionals on the importance and necessity of using the main variables in the search for benefits for individuals with stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5750509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35812341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Poststroke Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Francesca Wright,&nbsp;Simiao Wu,&nbsp;Ho-Yan Yvonne Chun,&nbsp;Gillian Mead","doi":"10.1155/2017/2124743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2124743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background and Purpose.</i> Anxiety affects 25% of stroke survivors. There are no effective treatments. Poststroke depression, prestroke anxiety and depression, locus of control, coping, confidence, fatigue, and sleep are factors that may be associated with poststroke anxiety and can potentially be targeted by therapy. We systematically reviewed the literature and performed a meta-analysis to identify associations with these factors. <i>Methods</i>. We searched electronic databases from January 2014 to July 2015 to complement a literature search performed from inception to May 2014. Study quality was assessed using an internationally endorsed checklist. We used odds ratios (ORs) to estimate the strength of associations and random-effects modelling to calculate summary effect sizes. <i>Results.</i> There were 24 studies recruiting 15448 patients. Quality of reporting was satisfactory. 13 studies with 2408 patients reported associations between poststroke anxiety and poststroke depression (OR = 4.66, 95% confidence interval: 2.23, 9.74). One study reported association with prestroke anxiety, three with prestroke depression, one with fatigue, and two with sleep. No studies reported on locus of control, coping, or confidence. <i>Conclusion.</i> Poststroke anxiety was associated with depression but there are limited data on other modifiable associations. Further research is needed to identify potential targets for treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/2124743","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34836801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Symmetry Index in Healthy and Stroke Patients for Assessment and Prognosis.","authors":"Andrei Agius Anastasi,&nbsp;Owen Falzon,&nbsp;Kenneth Camilleri,&nbsp;Malcolm Vella,&nbsp;Richard Muscat","doi":"10.1155/2017/8276136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8276136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective.</i> Quantitative neurophysiological signal parameters are of value in predicting motor recovery after stroke. The novel role of EEG-derived brain symmetry index for motor function prognostication in the subacute phase after stroke is explored. <i>Methods</i>. Ten male stroke patients and ten matched healthy controls were recruited. Motor function was first assessed clinically using the MRC score, its derivative Motricity Index, and the Fugl-Meyer assessment score. EEG was subsequently recorded first with subjects at rest and then during hand grasping motions, triggered by visual cues. Brain symmetry index (BSI) was used to identify the differences in EEG-quantified interhemispheric cortical power asymmetry observable in healthy versus cortical and subcortical stroke patients. Subsequently, any correlation between BSI and motor function was explored. <i>Results</i>. BSI was found to be significantly higher in stroke subjects compared to healthy controls (<i>p</i> = 0.023). The difference in BSI was more pronounced in the cortical stroke subgroup (<i>p</i> = 0.016). BSI showed only a mild general decrease on repeated monthly recording. Notably, a statistically significant correlation was observed between early BSI and Fugl-Meyer score later in recovery (<i>p</i> < 0.050). <i>Conclusions</i>. Brain symmetry index is increased in the subacute poststroke phase and correlates with motor function 1-2 months after stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/8276136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34776205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors and Etiology of Young Ischemic Stroke Patients in Estonia.","authors":"Siim Schneider,&nbsp;Alina Kornejeva,&nbsp;Riina Vibo,&nbsp;Janika Kõrv","doi":"10.1155/2017/8075697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8075697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Reports on young patients with ischemic stroke from Eastern Europe have been scarce. This study aimed to assess risk factors and etiology of first-ever and recurrent stroke among young Estonian patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective study of consecutive ischemic stroke patients aged 18-54 years who were treated in our two hospitals from 2003 to 2012.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 741 patients with first-ever stroke and 96 patients with recurrent stroke. Among first-time patients, men predominated in all age groups. The prevalence of well-documented risk factors in first-time stroke patients was 83% and in the recurrent group 91%. The most frequent risk factors were hypertension (53%), dyslipidemia (46%), and smoking (35%). Recurrent stroke patients had fewer less well-documented risk factors compared to first-time stroke patients (19.8 versus 30.0%, <i>P</i> = 0.036). Atrial fibrillation was the most common cause of cardioembolic strokes (48%) and large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) was the cause in 8% among those aged <35 years. Compared to first-time strokes, recurrent ones were more frequently caused by LAA (14.3 versus 24.0%, <i>P</i> = 0.01) and less often by other definite etiology (8.5 versus 1.0%, <i>P</i> = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of vascular risk factors among Estonian young stroke patients is high. Premature atherosclerosis is a cause in a substantial part of very young stroke patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/8075697","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35163531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting Hemicraniectomy: Late Decompressive Hemicraniectomy for Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke and the Role of Infarct Growth Rate.","authors":"Saadat Kamran,&nbsp;Naveed Akhtar,&nbsp;Abdul Salam,&nbsp;Ayman Alboudi,&nbsp;Kainat Kamran,&nbsp;Arsalan Ahmed,&nbsp;Rabia A Khan,&nbsp;Mohsin K Mirza,&nbsp;Jihad Inshasi,&nbsp;Ashfaq Shuaib","doi":"10.1155/2017/2507834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2507834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective and Methods.</i> The outcome in late decompressive hemicraniectomy in malignant middle cerebral artery stroke and the optimal timings of surgery has not been addressed by the randomized trials and pooled analysis. Retrospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study to measure outcome following DHC under 48 or over 48 hours using the modified Rankin scale [mRS] and dichotomized as favorable ≤4 or unfavorable >4 at three months. <i>Results.</i> In total, 137 patients underwent DHC. Functional outcome analyzed as mRS 0-4 versus mRS 5-6 showed no difference in this split between early and late operated on patients [<i>P</i> = 0.140] and mortality [<i>P</i> = 0.975]. Multivariate analysis showed that age ≥ 55 years, MCA with additional infarction, septum pellucidum deviation ≥1 cm, and uncal herniation were independent predictors of poor functional outcome at three months. In the \"best\" multivariate model, second infarct growth rate [IGR2] >7.5 ml/hr, MCA with additional infarction, and patients with temporal lobe involvement were independently associated with surgery under 48 hours. Both first infarct growth rate [IGR1] and second infarct growth rate [IGR2] were nearly double [<i>P</i> < 0.001] in patients with early surgery [under 48 hours]. <i>Conclusions.</i> The outcome and mortality in malignant middle cerebral artery stroke patients operated on over 48 hours of stroke onset were comparable to those of patients operated on less than 48 hours after stroke onset. Our data identifies IGR, temporal lobe involvement, and middle cerebral artery with additional infarct as independent predictors for early surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/2507834","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34913530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of the Causes and Management of Ischaemic Stroke Caused by Nontissue Emboli.","authors":"Ciaran Judge,&nbsp;Sarah Mello,&nbsp;David Bradley,&nbsp;Joseph Harbison","doi":"10.1155/2017/7565702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7565702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The inadvertent or purposeful introduction of foreign bodies or substances can lead to cerebral infarction if they embolize to the brain. Individual reports of these events are uncommon but may increase with the increased occurrences of their risk factors, for example, intra-arterial procedures.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We searched EMBASE and MEDLINE for articles on embolic stroke of nontissue origin. 1889 articles were identified and screened and 216 articles were ultimately reviewed in full text and included in qualitative analysis. Articles deemed relevant were assessed by a second reviewer to confirm compatibility with the inclusion criteria. References of included articles were reviewed for relevant publications. We categorized the pathology of the emboli into the following groups: air embolism (141 reports), other arterial gas embolisms (49 reports), missiles and foreign bodies (16 reports), and others, including drug embolism, cotton wool, and vascular sclerosant agents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Air and gaseous embolism are becoming more common with increased use of interventional medical procedures and increased popularity of sports such as diving. There is increasing evidence for the use of hyperbaric oxygen for such events. Causes of solid emboli are diverse. More commonly reported causes include bullets, missiles, and substances used in medical procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/7565702","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35594716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Severity of Intracranial Hemorrhages Measured by Free Hemoglobin in the Brain Depends on the Anticoagulant Class: Experimental Data.","authors":"Kyle M Ware,&nbsp;Douglas L Feinstein,&nbsp;Israel Rubinstein,&nbsp;Prudhvi Battula,&nbsp;Jose Otero,&nbsp;Lee Hebert,&nbsp;Tzu-Fei Wang,&nbsp;Alexandra Ivanova,&nbsp;Shweta Chaudhary,&nbsp;Jessica Hemminger,&nbsp;Sergey V Brodsky","doi":"10.1155/2017/6516401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6516401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background and Purpose.</i> Anticoagulant therapy is broadly used to prevent thromboembolic events. Intracranial hemorrhages are serious complications of anticoagulation, especially with warfarin. Direct oral anticoagulants reduce but do not eliminate the risk of intracranial hemorrhages. The aim of this study is to determine the degree of intracranial hemorrhage after application of anticoagulants without additional triggers. <i>Methods.</i> Rats were treated with different anticoagulant classes (vitamin K antagonists, heparin, direct thrombin inhibitor, and factor Xa inhibitor). Brain hemorrhages were assessed by the free hemoglobin concentration in the brain parenchyma. <i>Results.</i> Vitamin K antagonists (warfarin and brodifacoum) significantly increased free hemoglobin in the brain. Among direct oral anticoagulants, thrombin inhibitor dabigatran also significantly increased free hemoglobin in the brain, whereas treatment with factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban did not have significant effect on the free hemoglobin concentration. <i>Conclusions</i>. Our data indicates that the severity of brain hemorrhages depends on the anticoagulant class and it is more pronounced with vitamin K antagonists.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/6516401","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35412945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of a Nurse-Led Weekend Group Exercise Program for People after Stroke.","authors":"Katharine Scrivener, Raymond Tourany, Mary McNamara-Holmes, Karl Schurr, Simone Dorsch, Catherine Dean","doi":"10.1155/2017/4574385","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2017/4574385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background.</i> Additional physical activity including repetitive task practice can improve outcomes after stroke. The additional practice can be facilitated by therapists and family members or could also be delivered by nursing staff. <i>Objective.</i> To investigate the feasibility of a nurse-led weekend exercise program after stroke. <i>Participants.</i> Individuals after stroke, who participated in a weekend exercise program during their hospital admission. <i>Methods.</i> A retrospective audit of the number of referrals to and amount of exercise repetitions achieved in a nurse-led weekend exercise program was undertaken. The weekend exercise program occurs on each Saturday and Sunday for one hour. The repetitions of exercise completed during each class were documented by staff. An audit was conducted to ascertain the amount and type of exercise completed within the class. <i>Results.</i> During the study period 284 people were referred to the exercise program. The mean number of exercise repetitions completed per participant in each class was 180.7 (SD 205.4). The number of exercise repetitions completed by participants was highly variable ranging from 0 to 1190 per class. <i>Conclusion.</i> The amount of average exercise repetitions completed in the Weekend Warrior program was large but with significant variability. A nurse-led exercise class is a feasible method of delivering exercise opportunities to individuals in hospital after stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5294378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34769636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequence Analysis of Long-Term Readmissions among High-Impact Users of Cerebrovascular Patients.","authors":"Ahsan Rao,&nbsp;Alex Bottle,&nbsp;Ara Darzi,&nbsp;Paul Aylin","doi":"10.1155/2017/7062146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7062146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Understanding the chronological order of the causes of readmissions may help us assess any repeated chain of events among high-impact users, those with high readmission rate. We aim to perform sequence analysis of administrative data to identify distinct sequences of emergency readmissions among the high-impact users.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort of all cerebrovascular patients identified through national administrative data and followed for 4 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Common discriminating subsequences in chronic high-impact users (<i>n</i> = 2863) of ischaemic stroke (<i>n</i> = 34208) were \"urological conditions-chest infection,\" \"chest infection-urological conditions,\" \"injury-urological conditions,\" \"chest infection-ambulatory condition,\" and \"ambulatory condition-chest infection\" (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Among TIA patients (<i>n</i> = 20549), common discriminating (<i>p</i> < 0.01) subsequences among chronic high-impact users were \"injury-urological conditions,\" \"urological conditions-chest infection,\" \"urological conditions-injury,\" \"ambulatory condition-urological conditions,\" and \"ambulatory condition-chest infection.\" Among the chronic high-impact group of intracranial haemorrhage (<i>n</i> = 2605) common discriminating subsequences (<i>p</i> < 0.01) were \"dementia-injury,\" \"chest infection-dementia,\" \"dementia-dementia-injury,\" \"dementia-urine infection,\" and \"injury-urine infection.\" <i>Conclusion</i>. Although common causes of readmission are the same in different subgroups, the high-impact users had a higher proportion of patients with distinct common sequences of multiple readmissions as identified by the sequence analysis. Most of these causes are potentially preventable and can be avoided in the community.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although common causes of readmission are the same in different subgroups, the high-impact users had a higher proportion of patients with distinct common sequences of multiple readmissions as identified by the sequence analysis. Most of these causes are potentially preventable and can be avoided in the community.</p>","PeriodicalId":22054,"journal":{"name":"Stroke Research and Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/7062146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35070491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}