Sociological Science最新文献_第6页

Racially Distinctive Names Signal Both Race/Ethnicity and Social Class 具有种族特色的名字表明了种族/民族和社会阶层

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.15195/v9.a18

Charles Crabtree, S. Michael Gaddis, John B. Holbein, Edvard Nergård Larsen

{"title":"Racially Distinctive Names Signal Both Race/Ethnicity and Social Class","authors":"Charles Crabtree, S. Michael Gaddis, John B. Holbein, Edvard Nergård Larsen","doi":"10.15195/v9.a18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v9.a18","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers studying discrimination and bias frequently conduct experiments that use racially distinctive names to signal race or ethnicity. The evidence that these studies provide about racial discrimination depends on the assumption that the names researchers use differ only based on perceived race and not some other factor. In this article, we assess this common assumption using data from five different studies (n = 1,004; 2,002; 1,035; 5,631; 1,858) conducted at different times across four separate survey platforms (Lucid Marketplace, Lucid Theorem, MTurk, and Prolific). We find evidence that names commonly used to signal race/ethnicity also influence perceptions about socioeconomic status and social class. Specifically, we observe that Americans tend to think that individuals with names typically used by Black and Hispanic people have lower educational attainment and income and are of a lower social class. Even when we present respondents with the educational attainment of a named individual, respondents still perceive Black people as lower social class than White people. We discuss the implications of these findings for past and future experimental work that uses names to signal race. We also articulate the importance of choosing names that best approximate the quantity that scholars want to estimate.","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"54 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Perceived Social Exclusion and Loneliness: Two Distinct but Related Phenomena 感知社会排斥和孤独:两个不同但相关的现象

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.15195/v9.a17

Oliver Huxhold, Bianca Suanet, Martin Wetzel

引用次数: 1

Local Policing and the Educational Outcomes of Undocumented College Students 地方治安与无证大学生的教育成果

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.15195/v9.a16

Linna Martén Niklas Harder Amy Hsin Joscha Legewie

{"title":"Local Policing and the Educational Outcomes of Undocumented College Students","authors":"Linna Martén Niklas Harder Amy Hsin Joscha Legewie","doi":"10.15195/v9.a16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v9.a16","url":null,"abstract":"A growing literature examines the impact of immigration and law enforcement on undocumented immigrants and their communities, but these studies are limited by the lack of reliable data on documentation status and their focus on federal immigration enforcement. Leveraging administrative student data from the City University of New York (CUNY) that reliably identify about 13,000 undocumented students among more than 350,000 first-year students, this article examines whether local policing practices that do not ostensibly target undocumented immigrants can affect the educational outcomes of undocumented young adults. Focusing on police stops around university campuses under the New York City Police Department's Stop, Question, and Frisk program, our findings show a substantial negative effect of police stops around campus on course credits for undocumented men but no impact on GPA or on the likelihood of receiving zero credits in the following term (stop-out). The negative effect is larger for Black and South Asian undocumented young men, groups that experience heightened surveillance by the local police. In contrast, campus police stops have little effect on documented students or undocumented women. The results illustrate how local policing practices, even in so-called sanctuary cities, can have chilling effects on undocumented groups with important implications for the links between the criminal justice system, immigration, and social inequality.","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"51 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Pathways to Skin Color Stratification: The Role of Inherited (Dis)Advantage and Skin Color Discrimination in Labor Markets 肤色分层的途径:遗传(非)优势和肤色歧视在劳动力市场中的作用

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.15195/v9.a14

Maria Abascal, Denia Garcia

{"title":"Pathways to Skin Color Stratification: The Role of Inherited (Dis)Advantage and Skin Color Discrimination in Labor Markets","authors":"Maria Abascal, Denia Garcia","doi":"10.15195/v9.a14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v9.a14","url":null,"abstract":"linking skin color with life chances. Skin color stratification should be conceptualized in historical, structural terms: as the result of unequal treatment and inherited (dis)advantage, that is, unequal resources transmitted by families with different skin tones. We assess the role of two pathways— discrimination and inherited (dis)advantage—for Blacks’ and Latinos’ employment, earnings, and occupational prestige. We use the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1997, which includes a visual skin color measure; multiple indicators of family background; and a sibling subsample that allows us, using fixed-effects models, to recover the effect of skin color net of family background. First, we find that darker skin tone is associated with worse labor market outcomes. Indicators of family background account for 29 to 44 percent of skin color's associations with employment, earnings, and occupational prestige. Second, using sibling fixed-effects models, we find that darker skin tone is associated with worse labor market outcomes, but these associations are not statistically significant. In sum, our findings suggest that we pay attention to the multiple pathways linking skin color with life chances.","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"50 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Becoming an Ideologue: Social Sorting and the Microfoundations of Polarization 成为一个意识形态家:社会分类和两极分化的微观基础

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.15195/v9.a13

Craig M. Rawlings

{"title":"Becoming an Ideologue: Social Sorting and the Microfoundations of Polarization","authors":"Craig M. Rawlings","doi":"10.15195/v9.a13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v9.a13","url":null,"abstract":"This article elaborates and tests the hypothesis that the sociopolitical segregation of interpersonal networks (i.e., social sorting) is at the root of recent polarization trends in the United States. After reviewing recent trends, the article outlines the micro-level pathways through which social sorting along sociopolitical lines leads individuals to become more ideological in their identities and attitude structures. It then tests these pathways using panel data from the General Social Survey, which includes detailed measures of individuals’ social ties, ideological identification, and attitudes across a wide array of issues. Results show two dominant pathways through which more socially sorted individuals become more ideological: a short pathway directly linking social sorting to more extreme ideological identities, and a longer pathway linking social sorting to more extreme ideological identities through an increasingly ideological alignment of individuals’ attitude structures. The shorter pathway predominates among conservatives and the longer pathway among liberals. These micro-level pathways are shown to generalize to different macro-level polarization trends in identities and attitude structures for conservatives and liberals. Findings therefore uphold core sociological principles while providing stronger social-structural foundations for a growing body of mainly psychological research on ideological asymmetries.","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"80 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50168085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Marriage, Kids, and the Picket Fence? Household Type and Wealth among U.S. Households, 1989 to 2019. 婚姻、孩子和尖桩篱笆?1989年至2019年美国家庭类型与财富

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.15195/v9.a7

Christine Percheski, Christina M Gibson-Davis

{"title":"Marriage, Kids, and the Picket Fence? Household Type and Wealth among U.S. Households, 1989 to 2019.","authors":"Christine Percheski, Christina M Gibson-Davis","doi":"10.15195/v9.a7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v9.a7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence on how parenthood impacts household wealth in the United States has been inconclusive, partially because previous studies have decontextualized parenthood from gender, marital, and relationship status. Yet, insights from economic sociology suggest that wealth-related behaviors are shaped by the intersection of identities, not by a binary classification of parental status. We examine net worth by the intersection of gender, parental, and relationship status during a period of increasing wealth inequality and family diversification. Using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances from 1989 through 2019, we show that aggregate comparisons between parents and non-parents mask substantial wealth variation across nine household types. Despite changing social selection into marriage and parenthood, married parents consistently held a wealth advantage over demographically similar adults in other household types. Married parents' wealth advantage descriptively arises from homeownership, perhaps because the combined spousal and parental identities are normatively and culturally associated with homeownership.</p>","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"9 7","pages":"159-183"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9231596/pdf/nihms-1752336.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9715395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dog Whistles and Work Hours: The Political Activation of Labor Market Discrimination 警笛与工作时间:劳动力市场歧视的政治激活

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15195/v9.a3

Adam Goldstein, Tod G. Hamilton

引用次数: 3

Black Protests in the United States, 1994 to 2010 美国黑人抗议，1994年至2010年

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15195/v9.a12

P. Oliver, Chaeyoon Lim, Morgan C. Matthews, A. Hanna

引用次数: 1

Where Do Cultural Tastes Come From? Genes, Environments, or Experiences 文化品味从何而来?基因、环境或经历

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15195/v9.a11

M. Jæger, Stine Møllegaard

引用次数: 5

Proto-Bureaucracies Proto-Bureaucracies

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15195/v9.a15

M. Prasad

{"title":"Proto-Bureaucracies","authors":"M. Prasad","doi":"10.15195/v9.a15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v9.a15","url":null,"abstract":": The emergence of bureaucracy is often described as occurring at a particular historical period in a society, as a result of the pressures of war, the improvement of communication and transportation technologies, or societywide cultural changes. But recently many scholars have drawn attention to examples of meritocratic bureaucracies in societies otherwise organized according to patrimonial logics, what I call proto-bureaucracies. In this article I investigate one aspect of proto-bureaucracies that has not been examined in the literature: in a society characterized by patrimonial relations, the sudden introduction of meritocratic principles of recruitment may be interpreted as violating the principles of rewarding loyalty or kinship. This can fragment the political coalitions necessary to sustain a proto-bureaucracy. I argue through in-depth examination of one case, and secondary analysis of several others, that to manage the problem of exclusion successful proto-bureaucracies enact performative adherence to nonmeritocratic logics while protecting their meritocratic core. I argue that understanding contemporary proto-bureaucracies can help to develop an organizational strategy for strengthening governance and reducing corruption. The main lesson of proto-bureaucracies is that effective institutions generate exclusion, but meritocratic practices can be sustained if the exclusions they generate can be addressed in other ways.","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66865354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0