Sociological Science最新文献_第10页

Pretrial Detention and the Costs of System Overreach for Employment and Family Life 审前羁押与制度越界对就业和家庭生活的代价

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2020-08-17 DOI: 10.15195/v7.a14

Sara Wakefield, L. H. Andersen

引用次数: 14

The Influence of Changing Marginals on Measures of Inequality in Scholarly Citations: Evidence of Bias and a Resampling Correction 变化的边际对学术引文不平等度量的影响:偏倚证据和重新抽样修正

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2020-08-10 DOI: 10.15195/v7.a13

Lanu Kim, Christopher Adoph, Jevin D. West, K. Stovel

{"title":"The Influence of Changing Marginals on Measures of Inequality in Scholarly Citations: Evidence of Bias and a Resampling Correction","authors":"Lanu Kim, Christopher Adoph, Jevin D. West, K. Stovel","doi":"10.15195/v7.a13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v7.a13","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars have debated whether changes in digital environments have led to greater concentration or dispersal of scientific citations, but this debate has paid little attention to how other changes in the publication environment may impact the commonly used measures of inequality. Using Monte Carlo experiments, we demonstrate that a variety of inequality measures—including the Gini coefficient, the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, and the percentage of articles ever cited—are substantially biased downward by increases in the total number of articles and citations. We propose and validate a resampling-based correction for this “marginals bias” and apply this correction to empirical data on scholarly citation distributions using Web of Science data covering four broad scientific fields (health, humanities, mathematics and the computer sciences, and the social sciences) from 1996 to 2014. We find that in each field the bulk of the apparent decline in citation inequality in recent years is an artifact of marginals bias, as are most apparent interfield differences in citation inequality. Researchers using inequality measures to compare citation distributions and other distributions with many cases at or near the zero-bound should interpret these metrics carefully and account for the influence of changing marginals.","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"314-341"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43498382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Status and Vocal Accommodation in Small Groups 小群体中的地位和声音调节

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2020-08-03 DOI: 10.15195/v7.a12

Joseph Dippong

引用次数: 5

Re-examining How Partner Co-presence and Multitasking Affect Parents’ Enjoyment of Childcare and Housework 重新审视伴侣的共同存在和多项任务如何影响父母对育儿和家务的享受

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2020-07-28 DOI: 10.15195/v7.a11

Allison Dunatchik, S. Speight

{"title":"Re-examining How Partner Co-presence and Multitasking Affect Parents’ Enjoyment of Childcare and Housework","authors":"Allison Dunatchik, S. Speight","doi":"10.15195/v7.a11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v7.a11","url":null,"abstract":"Partner co-presence and multitasking are two contextual characteristics of time use that are commonly theorized to affect parental well-being. Although partner co-presence is often assumed to promote greater well-being, multitasking is frequently conceptualized as an indicator of time pressure. This study re-examines the relationship between these contextual characteristics and parents' enjoyment of childcare and housework. Using data from the U.K. Time Use Survey (2014–2015), our results indicate that associations between partner co-presence, multitasking, and enjoyment of unpaid work vary substantively depending on the type of task carried out. They also vary by gender of the parent. Mothers reported greater enjoyment of housework and interactive childcare with a partner present; however, this association did not extend to other types of childcare. Fathers' enjoyment varied little by partner co-presence. Similarly, multitasking was a varied experience depending on the types of activities parents combined. In some instances, combining unpaid work activities (e.g., housework with childcare) was associated with lower enjoyment; however, combining unpaid work with leisure was often associated with greater enjoyment. These results add nuance to prior research on how the contextual characteristics of time use relate to parental well-being and suggest that prior conceptualizations of partner co-presence and multitasking are incomplete.","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"268-290"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46844964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

It's All about the Parents: Inequality Transmission across Three Generations in Sweden 这一切都与父母有关：瑞典三代人之间的不平等传播

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.15195/v7.a10

Per Engzell, C. Mood, Jan O. Jonsson

{"title":"It's All about the Parents: Inequality Transmission across Three Generations in Sweden","authors":"Per Engzell, C. Mood, Jan O. Jonsson","doi":"10.15195/v7.a10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v7.a10","url":null,"abstract":"A recent literature studies the role of grandparents in status transmission. Results have been mixed, and theoretical contributions highlight biases that complicate the interpretation of these studies. We use newly harmonized income tax records on more than 700,000 Swedish lineages to establish four empirical facts. First, a model that includes both mothers and fathers and takes a multidimensional view of stratification reduces the residual three-generation association in our population to a trivial size. Second, data on fathers' cognitive ability show that even extensive controls for standard socioeconomic variables fail to remove omitted variable bias. Third, the common finding that grandparents compensate poor parental resources can be attributed to greater difficulty of observing parent status accurately at the lower end of the distribution. Fourth, the lower the data quality, and the less detailed the model, the greater is the size of the estimated grandparent coefficient. Future work on multigenerational mobility should pay less attention to the size and significance of this association, which depends heavily on arbitrary sample and specification characteristics, and go on to establish a set of more robust descriptive facts.","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"242-267"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42948261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

The U.S. Occupational Structure: A Social Network Approach 美国职业结构:一种社会网络方法

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2020-05-18 DOI: 10.15195/v7.a8

A. Villarreal

{"title":"The U.S. Occupational Structure: A Social Network Approach","authors":"A. Villarreal","doi":"10.15195/v7.a8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v7.a8","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a new approach to study the structure of occupational labor markets that relies on social network analysis techniques. Highly detailed transition matrices are constructed based on changes in individual workers' occupations over successive months of the Current Population Survey rotating panels. The resulting short-term transition matrices provide snapshots of all occupational movements in the U.S. labor market at different points in time and for different sociodemographic groups. We find a significant increase in occupational mobility and in the diversity of occupational destinations for working men over the past two decades. The occupational networks for black and Hispanic men exhibit a high overall density of ties resulting from a high probability of movement among a limited set of occupations. Upward status mobility also increased during the time period studied, although there are large differences by race and ethnicity and educational attainment. Finally, factional analysis is proposed as a novel way to explore labor market segmentation. Results reveal a highly segmented occupational network in which movement is concentrated within a limited number of occupations with markedly different levels of occupational status.","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"187-221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47303311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Effects of Public School Closures on Crime: The Case of the 2013 Chicago Mass School Closure 公立学校关闭对犯罪的影响:以2013年芝加哥大众学校关闭为例

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2020-04-28 DOI: 10.15195/v7.a6

Noli Brazil

{"title":"Effects of Public School Closures on Crime: The Case of the 2013 Chicago Mass School Closure","authors":"Noli Brazil","doi":"10.15195/v7.a6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v7.a6","url":null,"abstract":"Public school closures are increasing in number and size in U.S. cities. In response, parents, teachers, and public school advocates argue that closures carry negative consequences for multiple institutions across a wide set of outcomes. One such institution is the local neighborhood, and a negative consequence that is frequently raised is increased crime. I test this claim by using the 2013 Chicago mass school closure as a case study. Rather than conceiving of a school closure as a binary event (closed or not closed) I break it out according to a school’s status after closure: vacant, repurposed, and merged with an existing school. I find that vacancy and repurposing into a nonschool are associated with decreased crime. In contrast, merging a closed school with an existing school is associated with increased crime. The vacancy and repurposing effects are spatiotemporally localized, concentrated in the 75-meter area surrounding the school and disappearing after a year, whereas the student merger effect persisted over time across larger spatial scales. My results suggest that the relationship between closure and neighborhood crime is not straightforward, varying by postclosure land use status and spatiotemporal factors.","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"128-151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42854355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

The Small-World Network of College Classes: Implications for Epidemic Spread on a University Campus 大学课堂的小世界网络:流行病在大学校园传播的含义

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2020-04-11 DOI: 10.15195/v7.a9

Kim A. Weeden, B. Cornwell

{"title":"The Small-World Network of College Classes: Implications for Epidemic Spread on a University Campus","authors":"Kim A. Weeden, B. Cornwell","doi":"10.15195/v7.a9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v7.a9","url":null,"abstract":"To slow the spread of the novel coronavirus, many universities shifted to online instruction and now face the question of whether and how to resume in-person instruction. This article uses transcript data from a medium-sized American university to describe three enrollment networks that connect students through classes and in the process create social conditions for the spread of infectious disease: a university-wide network, an undergraduate-only network, and a liberal arts college network. All three networks are 'small worlds' characterized by high clustering, short average path lengths, and multiple independent paths connecting students. Students from different majors cluster together, but gateway courses and distributional requirements create cross-major integration. Connectivity declines when large courses of 100 students or more are removed from the network, as might be the case if some courses are taught online, but moderately sized courses must also be removed before less than half of student-pairs are connected in three steps and less than two-thirds in four steps. In all simulations, most students are connected through multiple independent paths. Hybrid models of instruction can reduce but not eliminate the potential for epidemic spread through the small worlds of course enrollments.","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"222-241"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47527446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 154

Selective Enrollment Public Schools and District-Level Achievement Outcomes from 3rd to 8th Grade 公立学校3至8年级的选择性招生和区级成绩

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2020-04-02 DOI: 10.15195/v7.a5

V. Irwin

{"title":"Selective Enrollment Public Schools and District-Level Achievement Outcomes from 3rd to 8th Grade","authors":"V. Irwin","doi":"10.15195/v7.a5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v7.a5","url":null,"abstract":"Fierce local debates throughout the United States surround the equity of admitting students to public schools using academic criteria. Although research has evaluated the central assumption of these debates—that Selective Enrollment Public (SEP) schools enhance the welfare of students who attend them—none has addressed the district-level outcomes associated with these schools. This is important because the selectivity and scope of SEP schools produce tiered school systems (SEP districts). This district-level process, in turn, calls for an analysis of district-level achievement outcomes. To address this gap, I compile an original list of SEP schools using an innovative web scraping procedure. I combine these data with newly available district-level measures of third to eighth grade achievement from the Stanford Education Data Archive. Analyses follow a difference-in-differences design, using grade level as the longitudinal dimension. This approach facilitates a falsification test, using future treated districts, to reject spurious causation. I find evidence of overall slower growth in mean math achievement in SEP districts and for white, black, and Latinx racial/ethnic groups separately. SEP districts also see an increase in the white–Latinx math achievement gap. This work highlights the importance of considering SEP schools as part of a differentiated school system.","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"100-127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45671540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

School Choice, Neighborhood Change, and Racial Imbalance Between Public Elementary Schools and Surrounding Neighborhoods 学校选择、社区变迁与公立小学与周边社区的种族失衡

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2020-03-25 DOI: 10.15195/v7.a4

Kendra Bischoff, Laura Tach

{"title":"School Choice, Neighborhood Change, and Racial Imbalance Between Public Elementary Schools and Surrounding Neighborhoods","authors":"Kendra Bischoff, Laura Tach","doi":"10.15195/v7.a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v7.a4","url":null,"abstract":"The expansion of school choice in recent years has potentially generated demographic imbalances between traditional public schools and their residential attendance zones. Demographic imbalances emerge from selective opting out, when families of certain racial and/or ethnic backgrounds disproportionately choose not to enroll in their neighborhood-based public schools. In this article, we use a unique data set of school attendance zones in 21 large U.S. school districts to show how changes in neighborhood conditions and school choice options influence race-specific enrollments in locally zoned public elementary schools from 2000 to 2010. We find that the presence of more school-choice options generates racial imbalances between public elementary schools and their surrounding neighborhoods, but this association differs by type of choice-based alternative. Private schools, on average, reduce the presence of non-Hispanic white students in locally zoned schools, whereas charter schools may reduce the presence of nonwhite students in locally zoned schools. Increases in neighborhood-school racial imbalances from 2000 to 2010 were concentrated in neighborhoods undergoing increases in socioeconomic status, suggesting that parents' residential and school decisions are dynamic and sensitive to changing neighborhood conditions. Selective opting out has implications for racial integration in schools and the distribution of familial resources across educational contexts.","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"75-99"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43596736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13