Sociological Science最新文献

Predictive Algorithms and Perceptions of Fairness: Parent Attitudes Toward Algorithmic Resource Allocation in K-12 Education 预测算法与公平感知：家长对K-12教育中算法资源分配的态度

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.15195/v12.a15

Rebecca A. Johnson, Simone Zhang

{"title":"Predictive Algorithms and Perceptions of Fairness: Parent Attitudes Toward Algorithmic Resource Allocation in K-12 Education","authors":"Rebecca A. Johnson, Simone Zhang","doi":"10.15195/v12.a15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v12.a15","url":null,"abstract":"As institutions increasingly use predictive algorithms to allocate scarce resources, scholars have warned that these algorithms may legitimize inequality. Although research has examined how elite discourses position algorithms as fair, we know less about how the public perceives them compared to traditional allocation methods. We implement a vignette-based survey experiment to measure perceptions of algorithmic allocation relative to common alternatives: administrative rules, lotteries, petitions from potential beneficiaries, and professional judgment. Focusing on the case of schools allocating scarce tutoring resources, our nationally representative survey of U.S. parents finds that parents view algorithms as fairer than traditional alternatives, especially lotteries. However, significant divides emerge along socioeconomic and political lines—lower socioeconomic status (SES) and conservative parents favor the personal knowledge held by counselors and parents, whereas higher SES and liberal parents prefer the impersonal logic of algorithms. We also find that, after reading about algorithmic bias, parental opposition to algorithms is strongest among those who are most directly disadvantaged. Overall, our findings map cleavages in attitudes that may influence the adoption and political sustainability of algorithmic allocation methods. ","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"322-356"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inequality and Social Ties: Evidence from 15 U.S. Data Sets 不平等和社会关系：来自15个美国数据集的证据

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.15195/v12.a14

Cristobal Young, Benjamin Cornwell, Barum Park, Nan Feng

引用次数: 0

Demographic Differences in Responses to a Two-Step Gender Identity Measure 对两步性别认同测量反应的人口统计学差异

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.15195/v12.a13

Christina Pao, Christopher A. Julian, D’Lane Compton, Danya Lagos, Lawrence Stacey

{"title":"Demographic Differences in Responses to a Two-Step Gender Identity Measure","authors":"Christina Pao, Christopher A. Julian, D’Lane Compton, Danya Lagos, Lawrence Stacey","doi":"10.15195/v12.a13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v12.a13","url":null,"abstract":"Strategies for including noncisgender responses in demographic analyses remain subjects of ongoing debate and refinement. The Household Pulse Survey is one of the first data products by the U.S. Census Bureau to incorporate a two-step gender identity measure. This is significant because the survey, although experimental, is one of the largest federal nationally representative samples (n = 668,273) that allows for the enumeration of noncisgender people. These data enable researchers to examine how respondents' selection of different response categories may differ across their demographic characteristics. Many studies using a two-step gender measure either exclude noncisgender respondents or aggregate them into a single analytic group, obscuring within-group heterogeneity. We find significant socioeconomic differences between cisgender and noncisgender responses, with cisgender individuals generally faring better. There is additional heterogeneity within noncisgender groups; for example, individuals who mark 'transgender' are more likely to identify as non-heterosexual and never married, and those outside defined gender categories often report 'don't know' or 'something else' about their sexual identity. Although differences persist between cisgender and noncisgender populations, this work emphasizes the need to also perform within-group analyses (e.g., with a two-step measure) to capture the unique and shared experiences of noncisgender populations.","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What Are You Talking about? Discussion Frequency of Issues Captured in Common Survey Questions 你在说什么？讨论常见调查问题中捕获问题的频率

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.15195/v12.a12

Turgut Keskintürk, Kevin Kiley, Stephen Vaisey

{"title":"What Are You Talking about? Discussion Frequency of Issues Captured in Common Survey Questions","authors":"Turgut Keskintürk, Kevin Kiley, Stephen Vaisey","doi":"10.15195/v12.a12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v12.a12","url":null,"abstract":"Social science surveys regularly ask respondents to generate opinions or positions on issues deemed to be of political and social importance, such as confidence in government officials or federal spending priorities. Many theories assume that interpersonal deliberation is a primary mechanism through which people develop positions on such issues, but it is unclear how often the issues captured by such questions become a topic of conversation. Using an original survey of 2,117 American adults, we quantify how often people report discussing the issues tapped by 88 questions in the General Social Survey’s core questionnaire, as well as how often respondents say they individually reflect on these issues, how important they believe them to be, and how sensitive they believe it would be to discuss those issues. We find that the majority of respondents report discussing the majority of issues fewer than once or twice a year, with the modal response that respondents have never discussed an issue in the past year. At the same time, some topics—such as religious beliefs and generic appraisals of political leaders—come up quite frequently, and a small number of respondents report frequently discussing most items. We consider the implications of these findings for theories of belief formation.","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do Employers Care about Past Mobility? A Field Experiment Examining Hiring Preferences in Technology and Non-Technology Jobs 雇主关心过去的流动性吗？技术和非技术工作的招聘偏好的实地实验

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.15195/v12.a11

Matissa Hollister, Nicole Denier, Xavier St-Denis

{"title":"Do Employers Care about Past Mobility? A Field Experiment Examining Hiring Preferences in Technology and Non-Technology Jobs","authors":"Matissa Hollister, Nicole Denier, Xavier St-Denis","doi":"10.15195/v12.a11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v12.a11","url":null,"abstract":"Research in previous decades found that employers imposed penalties on job applicants with a past history of frequent moves across employers, and yet mobility across employers is more common in today’s economy and perhaps even a valuable career strategy. While popular discourse and some academic literature has portrayed highly mobile careers as widespread and broadly accepted, other studies have suggested that such careers may only thrive in specific pockets of the labor market, particularly high-technology jobs. We conducted a field experiment in the United States to assess employer responses to resumes with three levels of past mobility. We found significant variation in employer mobility preferences, with jobs in human resources, financial reporting, marketing, and IT penalizing high-mobility applicants. In contrast, very stable work histories were penalized when hiring software testers. Counter to expectations, high-technology employers did not broadly embrace mobility. These findings suggest that employers follow occupation-specific mobility expectations, and as a consequence must balance competing mobility orientations within their workforce. Workers, meanwhile, must face the challenges of navigating a precarious labor market while also being mindful of the impact that their cumulative mobility may have on future job opportunities.","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Sequential Rise of Female Religious Leadership 女性宗教领袖的连续崛起

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.15195/v12.a9

Jeremy Senn, Jörg Stolz

{"title":"The Sequential Rise of Female Religious Leadership","authors":"Jeremy Senn, Jörg Stolz","doi":"10.15195/v12.a9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v12.a9","url":null,"abstract":"In his seminal work 'Ordaining Women,' Mark Chaves (1997b) highlighted the phenomenon of 'loose coupling' regarding female religious leadership: congregations often display inconsistencies between their stated policies and actual practices. Some congregations declare openness to female leadership but do not practice it, whereas others officially forbid female leadership yet have women in leadership roles. Our article identifies a theoretical mechanism producing this inconsistency. We propose that congregations typically first loosen their formal rules governing female access to leadership and only later allow women to occupy leadership positions in practice. This two-stage process results in a temporal lag between rule change and practice change, creating the observed 'loose coupling,' where rules are often more gender egalitarian than practice. Using two waves of the National Congregation Survey Switzerland covering all religious traditions, we test our theory both on the aggregate and the unit level and find strong support for it. Simulations further indicate that certain characteristics of the organizational population of congregations, such as their low attrition rate, may explain a large part of the lag between rule change and practice change.","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Commuting and Gender Differences in Job Opportunities 通勤和工作机会的性别差异

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.15195/v12.a8

Silvia Avram

引用次数: 0

Inequality and Total Effect Summary Measures for Nominal and Ordinal Variables 名义变量和序数变量的不平等和总效应汇总测度

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.15195/v12.a7

Trenton D. Mize, Bing Han

{"title":"Inequality and Total Effect Summary Measures for Nominal and Ordinal Variables","authors":"Trenton D. Mize, Bing Han","doi":"10.15195/v12.a7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15195/v12.a7","url":null,"abstract":"Many of the topics most central to the social sciences involve nominal groupings or ordinal rankings. There are many cases in which a summary of a nominal or ordinal independent variable's effect, or the effect on a nominal or ordinal outcome, is needed and useful for interpretation. For example, for nominal or ordinal independent variables, a single summary measure is useful to compare the effect sizes of different variables in a single model or across multiple models, as with mediation. For nominal or ordinal dependent variables, there are often an overwhelming number of effects to examine and understanding the holistic effect of an independent variable or how effect sizes compare within or across models is difficult. In this project, we propose two new summary measures using marginal effects (MEs). For nominal and ordinal independent variables, we propose ME inequality as a summary measure of a nominal or ordinal independent variable's holistic effect. For nominal and ordinal outcome models, we propose a total ME measure that quantifies the comprehensive effect of an independent variable across all outcome categories. The added benefits of our methods are both intuitive and substantively meaningful effect size metrics and approaches that can be applied across a wide range of models, including linear, nonlinear, categorical, multilevel, longitudinal, and more.","PeriodicalId":22029,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Science","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143192289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Invalidating Factorial Survey Experiments Using Invalid Comparisons Is Bad Practice: Learning from Forster and Neugebauer (2024) 使用无效比较的析因调查实验无效是不好的做法：从福斯特和纽格鲍尔（2024）学习

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.15195/v12.a5

Justin T. Pickett

引用次数: 0

Validating Factorial Survey Experiments: Response to Comment 验证因子调查实验：对评论的回应

IF 3.4 2区社会学

Sociological Science Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.15195/v12.a6

Andrea G. Forster, Martin Neugebauer

引用次数: 0