Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties最新文献

{"title":"Influence of titanium carbide particles on the characteristics of microarc oxidation layer on Ti6Al4V alloy","authors":"Leyu Wei, Yufei Shao, Wenqiang Li, Zaiqiang Feng, Zhenwei Yan, Feng Wang, Ningning Li, Gang Li, Mingqi Tang","doi":"10.1088/2051-672x/ad73ec","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ad73ec","url":null,"abstract":"The Microarc Oxidation (MAO) layer on titanium alloy was mainly composed of TiO₂, and there were some defects, such as holes and cracks, which made the performance of the MAO layer not ideal. To enhance the properties of the MAO layer, titanium carbide (TiC) particles were added to the electrolyte of a phosphate–silicate system as an additive. Consequently, the MAO layers containing the TiC phase on Ti6Al4V alloy were produced. The MAO process, composition, microstructure, and hardness of the MAO layer were comprehensively analyzed. Their frictional performance was assessed under reciprocating friction conditions without lubrication. The findings suggested that added TiC particles in the electrolyte played a significant role in creating the MAO layer, enhancing its thickness. The electrolyte without TiC particles produced an MAO layer primarily composed of TiO₂ in two different mineral forms (rutile and anatase). Adding TiC particles resulted in the presence of TiC within the MAO layer, thereby facilitating the formation of a reinforced oxide layer. This addition also led to an improvement in the densification of the layer and a reduction in porosity. Notably, corrosion resistance testing indicated that incorporating 6 g l⁻¹ TiC into the electrolyte resulted in superior performance compared with that obtained from the base electrolyte alone by achieving 1.4 times higher corrosion resistance. Moreover, a hardness value of 690 HV for the MAO layer was attained at a content level of 9 g l⁻¹ TiC, demonstrating a significant 65% enhancement compared to the base oxide layer. This finding also demonstrated significantly enhanced friction property with a wear-volume reduction to 0.81 mm³. The findings on the relationship between the preparation of the MAO layer and its structure and properties can provide valuable guidance for designing and preparing the MAO layer.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of surface texturing on chrome-coated cylinder liners via deterministic mixed lubrication simulation","authors":"Samuel A N Silva, Francisco J Profito, Henara L Costa","doi":"10.1088/2051-672x/ad6bab","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ad6bab","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the mixed lubrication performance of various surface texture configurations in the piston ring/cylinder liner conjunction of a two-stroke internal combustion engine using a deterministic mixed lubrication model. The numerical model simultaneously solves the Reynolds equation with mass-conserving cavitation to calculate inter-asperity hydrodynamic pressures and an elastic, perfectly plastic, rough contact model to determine contact pressures at each asperity interaction. Gaussian Mixture Model clustering was employed to enhance surface characterization. The deterministic simulation approach considers the full-scale representation of the cylinder liner topography to accurately capture the influence of surface features on the hydrodynamic support and friction under mixed lubrication conditions. The investigated cylinder liners were initially hard-chrome-coated and honed, resulting in a stochastic arrangement of surface pores, and then deterministic patterns of surface pockets were created by micro electrodischarge machining (EDM). Surface measurements were performed using laser interferometry, providing input for the mixed lubrication simulations. The study also explored the virtual removal of ridges formed around the pockets by the EDM technique. Key findings indicate that the stochastic texture outperformed the hybrid texture (stochastic + deterministic) in the boundary and mixed lubrication regimes, showing higher hydrodynamic support at low separations but increased hydrodynamic shear stresses at higher speeds. Conversely, deterministic textures exhibited a significant decrease in average hydrodynamic shear stress at high velocities. These results highlight the critical role of surface texture in tribological behavior and suggest that localized textures on cylinder liners can potentially optimize engine performance. The study recommends further exploration of a broader range of texture geometries, densities, and distribution patterns to enhance engine design strategies.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the lubricating performance of poly-alpha-olefin base oil using SnO2 nanosized-additives","authors":"Zhibo Zhu, Bingxu Wang, Jinlin Yang, Zhaoxia Zhang, Gary Barber","doi":"10.1088/2051-672x/ad71e4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ad71e4","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of previous studies have been focused on the thermal properties of SnO₂ nanofluids. In order to understand the lubricating performance of SnO₂ nanoparticles as additives, the current study investigates the effects of the addition of SnO₂ nanoparticles on the tribological properties of poly-alpha-olefin 6 base oil. The dual-step method is utilized to disperse the SnO₂ nanoparticles in base oil with oleic acid as surfactant. The shape and size of SnO₂ nanoparticles are confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, and the dispersion stability of SnO₂ nanoparticles is examined by dynamic light scattering tests. The lubricating properties of SnO₂ nanofluids are explored on a universal mechanical tribometer with a ball-on-plate reciprocating sliding configuration. It is found that the SnO₂ nanofluids show good stability and dispersibility. The addition of SnO₂ nanoparticles decreases the friction and wear for steel-steel tribo-pairs. The positive effects on friction and wear reductions become more significant with increasing concentrations of SnO₂ nanoparticles. In this work, nanofluids containing the 5wt% SnO₂ nanoparticles and 5wt% oleic acid is considered as the optimum composition, which shows the best lubricating performance with the reductions of 13.8% in coefficient of friction and 41.4% in wear volume loss. After observing the wear tracks by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer and a white-light interferometer, it is shown that the wear mechanisms are dominated by abrasive wear and adhesive wear. The enhancement in tribological properties of base oil is attributed to the formation of SnO₂ tribo-film and oleic acid tribo-layer which reduces the shearing resistance, separates the mating areas and withstands the loads. The findings obtained in this study can be used as references in the development of high-performance nanofluids.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"405 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-parameterised surface texture characterisation for ultra-precision machined surfaces","authors":"Pan Guo, Zhiwen Xiong, Zengwen Dong, Shaojian Zhang, Samanta Piano, Mingyu Liu","doi":"10.1088/2051-672x/ad6f30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ad6f30","url":null,"abstract":"In surface metrology, the multi-parameterised characterisation of surface texture measurement is beneficial not only for surface quality evaluation but also for manufacturing process inspection. To bridge this gap for ultra-precision machined surfaces, a white light interferometer was firstly employed for measuring surface texture generated by orthogonal ultra-precision machining experiments. Next, surface texture was filtered by the zero-order Gaussian regression filter to the limited scale bandwidth. Then, twenty-one surface texture parameters were calculated based on seventy-five S-L surfaces according to the ISO 25178-2. Finally, the outlier effect of surface measurement was investigated by the 95%–99% rule and the Spearman correlation coefficient matrix was proposed to determine their statistical correlation. The results revealed that most of the height parameters (<italic toggle=\"yes\">Sp</italic>, <italic toggle=\"yes\">Sv</italic>, <italic toggle=\"yes\">Sz</italic>, <italic toggle=\"yes\">Ssk</italic>, and <italic toggle=\"yes\">Sku</italic>), several function and related parameters (<italic toggle=\"yes\">Vmp</italic>, <italic toggle=\"yes\">Vvv</italic>, <italic toggle=\"yes\">Spk</italic>, and <italic toggle=\"yes\">Svk</italic>), and the spatial parameter (<italic toggle=\"yes\">Str</italic>) and hybrid parameter (<italic toggle=\"yes\">Sdr</italic>) presented a strong sensitivity to the outlier effect. The height parameters (<italic toggle=\"yes\">Sa</italic>, <italic toggle=\"yes\">Sq</italic>, <italic toggle=\"yes\">Sp</italic>, <italic toggle=\"yes\">Sv</italic>, and <italic toggle=\"yes\">Sz</italic>), the function and related parameters (<italic toggle=\"yes\">Vmp</italic>, <italic toggle=\"yes\">Vmc</italic>, <italic toggle=\"yes\">Vvv</italic>, <italic toggle=\"yes\">Vvc</italic>, <italic toggle=\"yes\">Spk</italic>, <italic toggle=\"yes\">Svk</italic>, and <italic toggle=\"yes\">Sk</italic>), and the spatial parameters (<italic toggle=\"yes\">Sdq</italic> and <italic toggle=\"yes\">Sdr</italic>) showed a strong correlation to each other, while the miscellaneous parameter <italic toggle=\"yes\">Std</italic> had a weak correlation to the other parameters. This study provides a systematic multi-parameterised surface texture characterisation for ultra-precision machined surfaces to promote the advancement of nanotechnology and nanometrology.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial frequency decomposition with bandpass filters for multiscale analyses and functional correlations","authors":"Christopher A Brown, François Blateyron, Johan Berglund, Adam J Murrison, Jack Jacob Jeswiet","doi":"10.1088/2051-672x/ad6f2f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ad6f2f","url":null,"abstract":"To address the essential problem in surface metrology of establishing functional correlations spatial, frequencies in topographic measurements are progressively decomposed into a large number of narrow bands. Bandpass filters and commercially available software are used. These bands can be analyzed with conventional surface texture parameters, like average roughness, Sa, or other parameters, for detailed, multiscale topographic characterizations. Earlier kinds of multiscale characterization, like relative area, required specialized software performing multiple triangular tiling exercises. Multiscale regression analyses can test strengths of functional correlations over a range of scales. Here, friction coefficients are regressed against standard surface texture parameters over the range of scales available in a measurement. Correlation strengths trend with the scales of the bandpass filters. Using bandpass frequency, i.e., wavelength or scale, decompositions, the R² at 25 μm, exceeds 0.9 for Sa compared with an R² of only 0.2 using the broader band of conventional roughness filtering. These improved, scale-specific functional correlations can facilitate scientific understandings and specifications of topographies in product and process design and in designs of quality assurance systems.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Axial peak extraction in the measurement of subsurface structures with annular illumination confocal microscopy","authors":"Yong Jiang, Chenguang Liu, Chongliang Zou, Jian Liu","doi":"10.1088/2051-672x/ad6b3c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ad6b3c","url":null,"abstract":"Three-dimensional dark-field confocal microscopy (DFCM) using annular illumination and complementary detection apertures is capable of detecting subsurface defects in ultra-precision optical components. In this study, a DFCM tuning algorithm for large apertures is proposed based on the sinc² tuning model. This algorithm provides a reliable and theoretically accurate method for extracting the axial position during the measurement of subsurface defects. The rationality and accuracy of this method are verified through simulations and experimental results.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parameter identification by eigenfeature analysis: application to 2D Kuramoto-Sivashinsky surface models","authors":"D Reiser, M Brenzke, S Wiesen","doi":"10.1088/2051-672x/ad6b3d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ad6b3d","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed a system that makes it possible to derive parameters of a Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (KS) model from a single given two-dimensional profile of surface structures, such as those produced by ion and plasma irradiation. The numerical method is inspired by well-known approaches to facial recognition. Starting from a scaled version of a KS Model to describe surface erosion, a training set of surface profiles is created. Each profile is assigned an appropriate feature in Fourier space and a Singular Value Decomposition is used to determine an orthogonal set of eigenfeatures that allow each profile to be assigned a point in the space of this basis and to determine the distances between them. It turns out that the profiles belonging to different model parameters are clearly separated from each other in this feature space, which enables very good identification. We explain the basic relationships using a synthetic data set and discuss the possibilities for applications to experimental results.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"145 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rotary barrel tumbling as a method of surface preparation for pin-on-disc wear testing samples","authors":"Leonardo M Xavier, Carlos A R Neto, Antonio A L Marins, Nathan F Strey, Christine Boher, Cherlio Scandian","doi":"10.1088/2051-672x/ad69ae","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ad69ae","url":null,"abstract":"Surface preparation is essential to ensure sample homogeneity in terms of surface roughness and mechanical properties, as these factors can significantly affect wear behavior and test repeatability. Although conventional semi-automatic and automatic grinding and polishing processes are efficient and well established, limitations arise for the preparation of large numbers of samples of a hard material such as high-carbon steel, including issues with sample geometry, the need for on-demand sample holders, cost-related limitations, and even considerable human workload and expertise. This study aims to evaluate the use of rotary barrel tumbling—a polishing method that relies on the sliding of abrasive media over the samples’ surface inside a rotating barrel—as an alternative method to prepare the surface of wheel and rail steel samples for pin-on-disc wear testing. A 4-stage tumbling procedure was employed, using different compositions of tumbling media in each stage. Surface roughness and hardness were evaluated throughout the process via 2D and 3D profilometry, microhardness Vickers measurements, and optical microscopy. The proposed method resulted in significant reductions in the surface roughness and hardness of the samples, along with improved homogeneity between samples of different materials and within the same material. These findings suggest that rotary barrel tumbling is an effective alternative method for the surface preparation of pins and discs made of high-carbon steel, enhancing the samples’ suitability for subsequent wear tests.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the mixed lubrication of rough planar extrusion considering surface texture","authors":"Xubin Su, Wen Shao, Jinyuan Tang, Xin Li","doi":"10.1088/2051-672x/ad6580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ad6580","url":null,"abstract":"Surface texture plays a crucial role in fluid dynamic lubrication. The non-Newtonian thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication problem involving rough surfaces with texture has not been investigated to date. In this paper, a model for non-Newtonian thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication incorporating rough surfaces and texture morphology is developed, focusing on the problem of mixed lubrication in planar extrusion with texture. The model builds upon the Reynolds equation with flow factor introduced. It considers the effects of rough surface texture, thermal effects, and non-Newtonian effects. The Reynolds equation is numerically solved using the Semi-System method to calculate the oil film pressure in full film region and contact pressure in dry contact area. The DC-FFT algorithm is employed to calculate surface elastic deformation. Comparing the calculated friction coefficient of the present model with the measured values in literature experiments, the average error is only 6.94%. Furthermore, the study investigates the effects of texture, temperature, and non-Newtonian on interfacial lubrication performance under mixed lubrication conditions. It’s found that compared to untextured surface, the average film thickness of textured surface increased by a maximum of 10.8%, and the friction coefficient decreased by a maximum of 67.4%; Compared to Newtonian fluids, shear thinning fluids reduce temperature by 0.18%, and shear thickening fluids are more conducive to improving mixed lubrication performance. A stepped pit texture is designed based on the dynamic pressure mechanism of the texture, indicating that the circular stepped pit texture has the best load-bearing capacity improvement.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141869049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying Gaussian mixture models for enhanced characterization of featured surfaces and mixed lubrication analysis","authors":"Samuel A N Silva, Henara L Costa, Felipe K C Luz, Elton Y G Oliveira and Francisco J Profito","doi":"10.1088/2051-672x/ad4571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ad4571","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding surface topography is vital for optimizing the performance of engineering components. Featured surfaces, with distinct patterns and textures, have garnered attention for their potential to reduce friction and wear. However, accurately describing their topography poses challenges, necessitating effective segmentation methods in many applications. This paper proposes utilizing the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) clustering method as a novel approach for surface metrology analysis of featured surfaces. The GMM provides an approach to identify and analyze specific surface features and enhance comprehension of their contributions to functionality. The paper presents a comprehensive methodology involving surface characterization, GMM clustering, plateau reference plane location, and calculation of essential topography parameters. Results from four different surfaces are discussed, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed GMM-based methodology in segmenting plateau regions, grooves, and porosity.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141770627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}