Standards最新文献_第4页

Acknowledgment to the Reviewers of Standards in 2022 对2022年标准审稿人的感谢

Standards Pub Date : 2023-01-16 DOI: 10.3390/standards3010002

引用次数: 0

Asking about Risk in a Company: A New Approach to Learning ISO 45001 in Engineering Programs 询问公司风险:在工程项目中学习ISO 45001的新方法

Standards Pub Date : 2023-01-16 DOI: 10.3390/standards3010003

M. Rodríguez-Martín, P. Rodríguez-Gonzálvez, Rosario Domingo

{"title":"Asking about Risk in a Company: A New Approach to Learning ISO 45001 in Engineering Programs","authors":"M. Rodríguez-Martín, P. Rodríguez-Gonzálvez, Rosario Domingo","doi":"10.3390/standards3010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/standards3010003","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a workflow so that engineering scholars can learn to ask effective questions to establish systems of consultation to workers following the indications of the international standard ISO 45001 “Occupational health and safety management systems” (Chapter 5.1) in the context of a medium-size developer and construction company. The methodology has been specifically designed to assess whether it is possible for students to acquire skills in ISO 45001 by developing an innovative method for their own employee questionnaires, and this new standard requires professionals who know how to apply the fundamentals in an industrial context. An experiment with 31 mechanical engineering students was carried out. The new methodology was applied based on three learning levels: large group, working group, and individual student. Different research instruments have been applied to evaluate how they perceive the activity with respect to the usefulness for learning and adaptation to reality. It has also tried to evaluate the subjective sensation during the development of the activity: feelings of happiness, self-confidence, and satisfaction of the scholars. The results show that students considered the activity as interesting, useful for learning, and adapted to reality, posing an important challenge that may have served to improve intrinsic motivation in the learning of management systems.","PeriodicalId":21933,"journal":{"name":"Standards","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75924777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Framework and Capability of Industrial IoT Infrastructure for Smart Manufacturing 面向智能制造的工业物联网基础设施框架与能力

Standards Pub Date : 2023-01-03 DOI: 10.3390/standards3010001

K. Li, Yu Zhang, Yong Huang, Zhiwei Tian, Ziqin Sang

{"title":"Framework and Capability of Industrial IoT Infrastructure for Smart Manufacturing","authors":"K. Li, Yu Zhang, Yong Huang, Zhiwei Tian, Ziqin Sang","doi":"10.3390/standards3010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/standards3010001","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet of Things (IoT) and smart manufacturing (SM) are mutually reinforcing. The establishment of IoT-based common facilities for SM is the premise of building SM system. Industrial IoT (IIoT) infrastructure for SM refers to common facilities based on IoT that support SM in industries or sectors, and plays a dominant role and faces severe challenges in the intelligence of SM. The infrastructure is independent of the products and production process in a specific factory. This paper develops conceptual and capability frameworks of IIoT infrastructure from a unified perspective of IIoT-related SM industries. These frameworks reflect relationships between IIoT and SM with in-depth relationships among basic facilities of IIoT infrastructure and lay the foundation of SM. In this paper the common characteristics and high-level requirements with respect to the different IoT layers of IIoT infrastructure are analyzed, and the capability framework and relevant capabilities of IIoT infrastructure are summarized according to the characteristics and requirements. In order to help service providers implement their systems to meet the needs of SM, the existing and newly developed IIoT infrastructure are integrated partially or in whole according to the intelligence level, so as to provide technical guidance for stakeholders to apply emerging ICTs to SM.","PeriodicalId":21933,"journal":{"name":"Standards","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76462582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Combining Different Stakeholders’ Opinions in Multi-Criteria Decision Analyses Applying Partial Order Methodology 基于偏序方法的多准则决策分析中不同利益相关者意见的结合

Standards Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.3390/standards2040035

L. Carlsen, R. Bruggemann

{"title":"Combining Different Stakeholders’ Opinions in Multi-Criteria Decision Analyses Applying Partial Order Methodology","authors":"L. Carlsen, R. Bruggemann","doi":"10.3390/standards2040035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/standards2040035","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-criteria decision analyses (MCDA) for prioritizations may be performed applying a variety of available software, e.g., methods such as Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Elimination Et Choice Translating Reality (ELECTRE III) as recently suggested by Kalifa et al. In addition to a data matrix, usually based on indicators and designed for describing the parts of the framework intended for the MCDA, these methods require input of a variety of other parameters that are not necessarily immediately obtainable. Often the indicators are simply combined by a weighted sum to obtain a ranking score, which is supposed to reflect the opinion of a multitude of stakeholders. A single ranking score facilitates the decision as a unique ordering is obtained; however, such a ranking score masks potential conflicts that are expressed by the values of the single indicators. Beyond hiding the inherent conflicts, the problem arises that the weights, needed for summing up the indicator values are difficult to obtain or are even controversially discussed. Here we show a procedure, which takes care of potential different weighting schemes but nevertheless does not mask any inherent conflicts. Two examples are given, one with a small (traffic) system and one with a pretty large data matrix (food sustainability). The results show how decisions can be facilitated even taking a multitude of stakeholder opinions into account although conflicts are not necessarily completely eliminated as demonstrated in the second case.","PeriodicalId":21933,"journal":{"name":"Standards","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78585532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Employing Nanosafety Standards in a Nanomaterial Research Environment: Lessons Learned and Refinement Potential 在纳米材料研究环境中采用纳米安全标准:经验教训和改进潜力

Standards Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.3390/standards2040034

Ioannis Kokkinopoulos, P. Karayannis, Stratos Saliakas, S. Damilos, E. Koumoulos

{"title":"Employing Nanosafety Standards in a Nanomaterial Research Environment: Lessons Learned and Refinement Potential","authors":"Ioannis Kokkinopoulos, P. Karayannis, Stratos Saliakas, S. Damilos, E. Koumoulos","doi":"10.3390/standards2040034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/standards2040034","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive research is currently being conducted on nanotechnologies worldwide, and the applications of nanomaterials are continuously expanding. Given their unique intrinsic characteristics, such as their small size and increased reactivity, nanomaterials may pose an occupational, environmental or consumer hazard. Therefore, a highly important aspect of ensuring the sustainable use of nanotechnologies is the establishment of proper health and safety practices. The area of nanosafety research has produced significant outcomes the last decades, and many of these achievements have been reflected in the standardization field. In this work, a discussion of prominent nanosafety standards (ISO/TS 12901-2:2014 and ISO/TR 12885:2018) is presented, based on the barriers faced during the endeavor to apply their principles within a research context. A critical viewpoint regarding their application is presented, and gaps faced in adapting the standards to the materials and processes applied are noted. Additionally, approaches that were followed to circumvent these gaps are also highlighted as suggestions to potentially overcome these barriers in future standardization efforts.","PeriodicalId":21933,"journal":{"name":"Standards","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80099349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Updating Mothers within an Hour of Newborn’s Admission to Neonatal ICU 新生儿进入新生儿重症监护室后一小时内更新母亲

Standards Pub Date : 2022-11-17 DOI: 10.3390/standards2040033

S. Manzar

{"title":"Updating Mothers within an Hour of Newborn’s Admission to Neonatal ICU","authors":"S. Manzar","doi":"10.3390/standards2040033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/standards2040033","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Patient satisfaction is tightly linked with healthcare quality and high-value care. Timely communication is important in attaining patient satisfaction. The aim of the study was to provide all delivering mothers an update within an hour of their newborn’s admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: An educational module was developed with a PowerPoint presentation on the role of a timely update. The team, consisting of the neonatal nurse practitioners (NNP) and residents, were provided access to the presentation. After completing the presentation, they completed a questionnaire showing understanding. The principal investigator met with the mother after admissions to assess if she was updated within an hour of the admission of her baby to the NICU. Results: A total of 22 mothers participated in the study. Thirty-six percent of the mothers were updated within an hour of admission of their neonates to the NICU. The average time taken from admission to updating mothers was 5.75 ± 6.7 h. All mothers were satisfied with the explanation of the NICU staff. Conclusions: We noted a 100% satisfaction rate; however, we observed a low percentage of communication with the mother. The study provided the baseline data for the next PDSA cycle.","PeriodicalId":21933,"journal":{"name":"Standards","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90366284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Observation of a Signal Suppressing Effect in a Binary Mixture of Glycol-Water Contamination in Engine Oil with Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy 用傅里叶变换红外光谱观察发动机油中乙二醇-水污染二元混合物的信号抑制效果

Standards Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.3390/standards2040032

Torrey E Holland, R. Karunanithy, Christopher Mandrell, A. Abdul-Munaim, Dennis G. Watson, P. Sivakumar

{"title":"Observation of a Signal Suppressing Effect in a Binary Mixture of Glycol-Water Contamination in Engine Oil with Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy","authors":"Torrey E Holland, R. Karunanithy, Christopher Mandrell, A. Abdul-Munaim, Dennis G. Watson, P. Sivakumar","doi":"10.3390/standards2040032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/standards2040032","url":null,"abstract":"An in-depth experimental study of the matrix effect of antifreeze (ethylene glycol) and water contamination of engine oil through FT-IR spectroscopy. With a comparison of the percent by volume concentration of contaminated fresh 15W-40 engine oil, there appeared to be a noticeable reduction in the O–H stretching signal in the infrared spectrum when ethylene glycol based antifreeze was included as a contaminant. The contaminants of distilled water, a 50/50 mixture of water and commercial ethylene glycol antifreeze, and straight ethylene glycol antifreeze were compared and a signal reduction in the O–H stretch was clearly evident when glycol was present. Doubling the volume of the 50/50 mixture as compared to water alone still resulted in a weaker O–H stretching signal. The possibility that this signal reduction was due to the larger ethylene glycol molecule having fewer O–H bonds in a given sample size was eliminated by comparing samples with the same number of O–H bonds per unit volume. The strong hydrogen bonding between that of water and glycol appeared to reduce the O–H stretching signal, even after comparing the different sample types at concentrations with the same number of O–H bonds per unit volume. Tukey’s highly significant difference was used to show that samples of the 50/50 mixture and straight glycol were not reliably distinguishable from one another when comparing the same number of O–H bonds per unit volume but readily distinguishable from that of water as the lone contaminant.","PeriodicalId":21933,"journal":{"name":"Standards","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74303048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quality Management System in Education: Application of Quality Management Models in Educational Organization-Case Study from the Slovak Republic 教育质量管理体系:质量管理模式在教育组织中的应用——以斯洛伐克共和国为例

Standards Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.3390/standards2040031

L. Girmanová, M. Šolc, P. Blaško, J. Petrík

{"title":"Quality Management System in Education: Application of Quality Management Models in Educational Organization-Case Study from the Slovak Republic","authors":"L. Girmanová, M. Šolc, P. Blaško, J. Petrík","doi":"10.3390/standards2040031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/standards2040031","url":null,"abstract":"The main mission of the internal quality system in educational institutions is to develop the importance of quality in all processes, create suitable conditions for increasing the loyalty and professional development of faculty staff, continually improve student satisfaction, and achieve recognition of educational institutions in the eyes of the public. In the Introduction, this paper covers the current state of the field of quality assurance of higher education in Slovakia. Quality management models that can be used appropriately and effectively in university conditions are identified in the next section. The aim of this overview section was to summarize the advantages and disadvantages resulting from the implementation of quality management models. The paper also includes a case study in which selected models of quality management implemented at a private university in Slovakia are described, especially the process model ISO 9001 and the common assessment framework (CAF) model. The self-assessment within the CAF model was carried out by a questionnaire survey; the obtained data were assessed by classical CAF scoring. The aim of the self-assessment was to identify problem areas and opportunities for improvement and to propose corrective actions. The specifics of the implementation of quality management models at a private university and the benefits resulting from the application are also been defined at the end of the article.","PeriodicalId":21933,"journal":{"name":"Standards","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76619041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Linguistic Challenge for Standards 标准的语言挑战

Standards Pub Date : 2022-10-04 DOI: 10.3390/standards2040030

Richard C. Robinson

{"title":"The Linguistic Challenge for Standards","authors":"Richard C. Robinson","doi":"10.3390/standards2040030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/standards2040030","url":null,"abstract":"Standards serve a valuable function that enable efficiencies, technological advancement, and commerce. To date, there is little examination of the problems with standards, their implementations, and methodologies that could be introduced to improve utility and utilization. This is contrasted against the large inventory of standards that exist, and proliferation of standards. More available literature exists on standards wars that focus on attempts at market dominance, persistence of ‘legacy’ standards in light of newer and ‘better’ solutions, cases for and against multiple standards, and even legal cases regarding anti-competitive behavior leveraging dominance in particular standards. This, however, focuses more on the politics as opposed to presenting a more fundamental examination of the cause for the existing friction. Through applied linguistics, it becomes more apparent that differences in language, using Communities of Practice as a guide, can provide a dimension to standardsW development and implementation. Friction in standards arises when standards are viewed as broad and universally applicable versus being the expression of a specific Community of Practice, and therefore should be specifically and formally scoped using linguistic methods.","PeriodicalId":21933,"journal":{"name":"Standards","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82739722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Genetic Algorithms for Interior Comparative Optimization of Standard BCS Parameters in Selected Superconductors and High-Temperature Superconductors 选定超导体和高温超导体中标准BCS参数内部比较优化的遗传算法

Standards Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.3390/standards2030029

F. Casesnoves

{"title":"Genetic Algorithms for Interior Comparative Optimization of Standard BCS Parameters in Selected Superconductors and High-Temperature Superconductors","authors":"F. Casesnoves","doi":"10.3390/standards2030029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/standards2030029","url":null,"abstract":"Inverse least squares numerical optimization, 3D/4D interior optimization, and 3D/4D graphical optimization software and algorithm programming have been presented in a series of previous articles on the applications of the BCS theory of superconductivity and TC dual/multiobjective optimizations. This study deals with the comparison/validation of the optimization results using several different methods, namely, classical inverse least squares (ILS), genetic algorithms (GA), 3D/4D interior optimization, and 2D/3D/4D graphical optimization techniques. The results comprise Tikhonov regularization algorithms and mathematical methods for all the research subjects. The findings of the mathematical programming for optimizing type I chrome isotope superconductors are validated with the genetic algorithms and compared to previous results of 3D/4D interior optimization. Additional rulings present a hypothesis of the new ‘molecular effect’ model/algorithm intended to be proven for Hg-cuprate-type high-temperature superconductors. In molecular effect optimization, inverse least squares and inverse least squares polynomial methods are applied with acceptable numerical and 2D graphical optimization solutions. For the BCS isotope effect and molecular effect, linearization logarithmic transformations for model formula software are implemented in specific programs. The solutions show accuracy with low programming residuals and confirm these findings. The results comprise two strands, the modeling for the isotope effect and molecular effect hypotheses and the development of genetic algorithms and inverse least squares-improved programming methods. Electronic physics applications in superconductors and high-temperature superconductors emerged from the rulings. Extrapolated applications for new modeling for the theory of superconductivity emerged from the numerical and image data obtained.","PeriodicalId":21933,"journal":{"name":"Standards","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83966950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3