Carlos A. Blanco, Gerardo Hernandez, Kevin Conover, G. Dively, U. Nava-Camberos, Maribel Portilla, Craig A. Abel, Paul Williams, William D. Hutchison
{"title":"Severe Defoliation of Vegetative Maize Plants Does Not Reduce Grain Yield: Further Implications with Action Thresholds","authors":"Carlos A. Blanco, Gerardo Hernandez, Kevin Conover, G. Dively, U. Nava-Camberos, Maribel Portilla, Craig A. Abel, Paul Williams, William D. Hutchison","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0404","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. It is commonly perceived that early defoliation of maize (Zea mays L.) is a significant risk for maximum grain yields. However, several studies designed to assess biotic and abiotic factors that reduce leaf area reported contrasting results. When maize suffers defoliation before developing its seventh leaf (V7 stage), plants can often compensate without impacting grain production. Seventy-five percent of 20 reviewed publications that offer empirical information indicated severe defoliation did not affect maize yield when plants were less than V7. We present field results for six maize hybrids, lines, and a landrace with severe (75%) defoliation one, two, or three times before reaching V7, in Maryland. Results showed that despite multiple, severe defoliation, there were no significant differences in grain yield (P > 0.05). Despite seven amounts of defoliation, yields for each defoliation amount did not differ from yields for intact plants. One early defoliation at V2 significantly produced more grain than did the nondefoliated check (P < 0.05). Results confirm the ability of maize to compensate or over-compensate for vegetative-stage defoliation. Results are also discussed in relation to recent reviews of previous studies. It is imperative to reconsider unnecessary recommendations to apply insecticide against maize defoliators when maize plants have yet to develop the seventh leaf. Resumen. Se considera que la defoliación temprana del maíz (Zea mays L.) disminuye las posibilidades de obtener máximos rendimientos. Sin embargo, estudios diseñados para medir los factores bióticos y abióticos que reducen el área foliar han producido resultados contrastantes. Cuando el maíz es defoliado antes de que desarrolle la séptima hoja (V7), las plantas pueden compensar la pérdida sin impactar el rendimiento. Setenta y cinco por ciento de las publicaciones que proveen información empírica indican que la defoliación severa no afecta el rendimiento cuando las plantas no han llegado a la etapa V7. Presentamos resultados de campo en Maryland, con seis cultivares híbridos, líneas y un criollo a los cuales se les cortó 75% del follaje una, dos y tres veces antes del desarrollo de la séptima hoja. A pesar de la frecuente y alta defoliación en siete diferentes momentos, el rendimiento no disminuyó (P > 0.05). Una sola defoliación en la etapa de la segunda hoja (V2) produjo más grano que el tratamiento sin defoliación (control) (P < 0.05). Estos resultados confirman la capacidad del maíz para compensar y hasta sobre compensar la pérdida severa del follaje en etapas tempranas. Nuestros resultados se discuten haciendo referencia a estudios preliminares. Es imperativo reconsiderar las recomendaciones innecesarias de aplicar insecticida contra defoliadores cuando el maíz no ha llegado a la etapa V7.","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"7 4","pages":"791 - 804"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138972056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application for Membership","authors":"","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0428","url":null,"abstract":"Note to Candidates: Thank you for your interest in Emerging Leaders! In order to be considered, all candidates must attend a mandatory Information Session on Tuesday, September 22 nd from 6:30-7:30pm in the Student Union MultiPurpose Room and complete the application below. Applications are due at the conclusion of the Information Session on 9/22 and will be provided in advance as well as during the Information Session. Candidates may come with a completed application or there will be time allocated at the Information Session for application completion. If you have questions about Emerging Leaders, please contact Ruth Policella at policera@potsdam.edu. Please indicate your responses to the questions below: 1. Below are listed the expectations of Emerging Leader members. In order to be considered you must be able to meet all these expectations. Emerging Leader New Member Expectations * Attend weekly one-hour meetings on Tuesday's from 6:30-7:30pm (2 excused & 1 unexcused absences are permitted per semester). Meetings include: leadership development workshops as well as planning for service and fundraising events.","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"24 2","pages":"1035 - 1036"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138972079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vicente Sánchez-Reyes, Styve Arellano-Rivera, Alberto Joaquín Contreras-Galindo, C. González-Acosta, F. Correa-Morales, M. Moreno-García
{"title":"Vector Mosquitoes in the Metropolitan Zone of Mexico Valley and Other Urban/Semi-Urban Areas of State of Mexico: Forthcoming Threat?","authors":"Vicente Sánchez-Reyes, Styve Arellano-Rivera, Alberto Joaquín Contreras-Galindo, C. González-Acosta, F. Correa-Morales, M. Moreno-García","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0408","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Metropolitan Zone of Mexico Valley (MZMV) in Central Mexico includes the states of Hidalgo, Mexico City, and Mexico. The MZMV is the third most populated area in the OECD. The area is free of vector-borne diseases, and information on vector mosquitoes in the MZMV area in the State of Mexico has not been reported. This study reports mosquito species in the MZMV-State of Mexico from 8 years of larval collection and ovitraps. Species collected in areas not in the MZMV of the State of Mexico are also reported. In the MZMV-State of Mexico, 11,484 mosquitoes from eight species were identified: Ae. aegypti (L.), Ae. albopictus (Skuse), Ae. epactius (Dyar and Knab), Cx. quinquefasciatus (Say), Cx. stigmatosoma (Dyar), Cx. salinarius (Coquillett), Cx. tarsalis (Coquillett) and Cs. particeps (Adams). In non-MZMV areas, 11 species were recorded; Ae. aegypti was most abundant and distributed and Ae. albopictus was at two municipalities. Reported organisms included mosquito vectors of arbovirus, suggesting potential transmission and outbreaks in the MZMV and other areas of the State of Mexico. Resumen. La Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México (ZMVM), en México Central, incluye los estados de Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, y Estado de México. La ZMVM es la tercera zona más poblada de la OCDE. El área está libre de enfermedades transmitidas por vector y nunca se ha reportado información sobre mosquitos vectores en el área de la MZMV perteneciente al Estado de México. Este estudio reporta la presencia de especies de mosquitos en la ZMVM-Estado de México detectadas en un periodo de 8 años de colecta de larvas y/o ovitrampas. Se reportan registros de especies colectadas en áreas no pertenecientes al ZMVM del Estado de México. En la ZMVM-Estado de México se identificaron 11,484 organismos de ocho especies: Ae. aegypti (L.), Ae. albopictus (Skuse), Ae. epactius (Dyar y Knab), Cx. quinquefasciatus (Say), Cx. stigmatosoma (Dyar), Cx. salinarius (Coquillett), Cx. tarsalis (Coquillett), y Cs. particeps (Adams). En zonas fuera de la ZMVM se registraron 11 especies; Ae. aegypti fue la especie más abundante y ampliamente distribuida, Ae. albopictus se encontró en dos municipios. Los organismos reportados incluyeron especies vectores de arbovirus, lo que sugiere un alto potencial de transmisión arboviral y brotes en la ZMVM y otras áreas del Estado de México.","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"45 1","pages":"853 - 868"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138973000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. O. Estrada-Virgen, Knut Björn Artur Däunert-Medina, C. Rios-Velasco, Gilberto Alejandro Aguilar-Pimienta, O. J. Cambero-Campos
{"title":"Primer Reporte de Cylas formicarius Causando Daños a Tubérculos de Camote en Nayarit, México","authors":"M. O. Estrada-Virgen, Knut Björn Artur Däunert-Medina, C. Rios-Velasco, Gilberto Alejandro Aguilar-Pimienta, O. J. Cambero-Campos","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0425","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen. El Picudo del camote, Cylas formicarius (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Brentidae), es una de las principales plagas del camote (Ipomoea batatas (L. Lam.; Solanales: Convolvulaceae)) a nivel mundial. En México no hay reportes de la presencia de esta plaga asociada a este cultivo. En 2022 una población abundante fue observada alimentándose de tubérculos de camote en Nayarit, México. Este es el primer reporte de C. formicarius dañando un cultivo en México. Abstract. The sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Brentidae), is one of the main pests of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L. Lam.: Solanales: Convolvulaceae)) worldwide. There are no reports of this pest damaging crops in Mexico. In 2022 an abundant population of this insect was observed feeding on sweet potato tubers in Nayarit. This is the first report of C. formicarius damaging a crop in Mexico.","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"152 1","pages":"1015 - 1018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138975443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mason Taylor, K. Harris‐Shultz, J. S. Armstrong, Rafael Hayashida, Dolores Morhinweg, W. Hoback
{"title":"Distribution, Host Range Expansion, and Genetic Diversity of Hedgehog Grain Aphid in the Central United States","authors":"Mason Taylor, K. Harris‐Shultz, J. S. Armstrong, Rafael Hayashida, Dolores Morhinweg, W. Hoback","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0401","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Hedgehog grain aphid, Sipha maydis Passerini, is a key pest of many cereal crops and pasture grasses around the world. Because of potential to damage crops, wide range of host plants, and occurrence in varying climatic conditions, frequent assessments of distribution of hedgehog grain aphid are needed with documentation of hosts and assessment of genetic differentiation. Fields were sampled in 2021 and 2022 in Colorado, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming. Surveys did not detect hedgehog grain aphid in New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, and Wyoming and only found it on wild grasses in Colorado and Utah. DNA was isolated from hedgehog grain aphid samples collected between 2016 and 2022 from 11 grass hosts in Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. The 18S rDNA and translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene fragments were amplified and sequenced from each sample and no genetic variation was detected. Based on field surveys and genetic analysis, hedgehog grain aphid seems established in limited clonal populations on various wild grasses. At present, hedgehog grain aphid is not a significant threat to small grain crops in the United States, but continued monitoring is necessary because of its broad host range and potential for economic damage, as observed in Argentina. Resumen. El pulgón negro de los cereales (PNC), Sipha maydis Passerini, se considera como plaga clave en muchos cereales y pastizales alrededor del mundo. Debido a su daño potential, el amplio rango de hospedantes y su presencia en varios climas, se requieren evaluaciones constantes sobre su uso actual de plantas, y que incluya además su diferenciación genética. Muestras del campo en 2021 y 2022 en varios estados, incluidos Oklahoma, Wyoming, Nuevo México, Texas, Colorado, y Utah, revelaron que el PNC no se encontró en Oklahoma, Wyoming, Nuevo México, o Texas, y solo se encontró en pastos nativos en Colorado y Utah. Se aisló ADN de muestras del PNC que fueron colectadas entre 2016 y 2022 en Colorado, Nuevo México, y Utah de 11 pastos. El alargamiento de la traducción del rADN 18S del factor 1-alfa de fragmentos de genes fueron amplificados y secuenciados en cada muestra y no se detectó variación genética. Las muestras del campo y el análisis genético indican que el PNC parece estar establecido en poblaciónes clonales reducidas en varios pastos silvestres. En este momento el PNC no presenta un riesgo significativo para los cerelaes en Estados Unidos, pero es necesario continuar su monitoreo debido a su amplio rango de hospedantes y su daño económico potencial, como se ha observado en Argentina.","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"8 3","pages":"757 - 770"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138971923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Subject Index to Volume 48","authors":"","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0426","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"4 5","pages":"1019 - 1028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138972848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Karen Serrano-Domínguez, M. B. González-Maldonado, M. Correa-Ramírez
{"title":"Variación Morfométrica Entre Meteorus laphygmae y Meteorus arizonensis en Durango, México","authors":"Ana Karen Serrano-Domínguez, M. B. González-Maldonado, M. Correa-Ramírez","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0419","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen. Se realizó un análisis morfométrico de parasitoides del género Meteorus colectados en tres localidades de Durango, para conocer su especie, debido a la complejidad en la identificación morfológica y su comparación genética en el gen bank® (no existen secuencias de M. arizonensis con quien comparar). Para lo cual, se registró la variación fenotípica, se calcularon proporciones morfométricas y se realizó una reconstrucción filogenética mediante el método de inferencia bayesiana. El análisis morfométrico permitió formar dos grupos, correspondientes a machos y hembras, independientemente del color de su cuerpo, además se observó un solapamiento en las medidas de sus proporciones, lo que indicó que las diferencias son dependientes del sexo de los especímenes. Respecto al marcador genético COI ADNm, los ejemplares provenientes de Durango, independientemente del color y del patrón de coloración de éste, conformaron un sólo grupo filogenético, con una variación genética entre 0 y 0.8%. Lo anterior indica que, en Durango se encuentra una sola especie de parasitoides del género Meteorus, con una fuerte variación de color que, al parecer, no responde a diferencias taxonómicas o geográficas. Abstract. A morphometric analysis of parasitoids of the genus Meteorus at three locations in Durango, Mexico was done to identify the species, because complexity in morphological identification and genetic comparison in Gene bank® (there is no M. arizonensis sequence with which to compare). Phenotypic variation was recorded, morphometric proportions were calculated, and phylogenetic reconstruction was done using the Bayesian inference method. Morphometric analysis allowed us to form two groups, corresponding to males and females, regardless of their body color. In addition, overlap was observed in measurements of their proportions, which indicated differences are dependent on the sex of the specimens. Regarding the COI DNAm genetic marker, the specimens from Durango, regardless of their color and color pattern, formed a single phylogenetic group, with genetic variation between 0 and 0.8%. This indicated that in Durango, only one species of parasitoids of the genus Meteorus was found, with a strong color variation that, apparently, does not respond to taxonomic or geographical differences.","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"24 7","pages":"971 - 980"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139002963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edgar Jesús Delgado-Nuñez, Gabriel Flores-Franco, Orthon Ricardo Vargas-Cardoso, Blanca Esthela Álvarez-Fernández, Erubiel Toledo-Hernández, Sofia Miranda-Juárez, Luz Janet Tagle-Emigdio, César Sotelo-Leyva
{"title":"Perfil Fitoquímico de Extractos de Tallos de Ceiba aesculifolia1 y su Efecto Insecticida Contra Melanaphis sorghi1","authors":"Edgar Jesús Delgado-Nuñez, Gabriel Flores-Franco, Orthon Ricardo Vargas-Cardoso, Blanca Esthela Álvarez-Fernández, Erubiel Toledo-Hernández, Sofia Miranda-Juárez, Luz Janet Tagle-Emigdio, César Sotelo-Leyva","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0317","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen. El pulgón del sorgo, Melanaphis sorghi Theobald, 1904 (Hemiptera: Aphididae), es la plaga más importante del sorgo, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Poaceae), en México. Para su control se usan insecticidas sintéticos, y nuevas alternativas exploran el uso de insecticidas botánicos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto insecticida del extracto de n-hexano y metanol de tallos de Ceiba aesculifolia (Malvaceae) contra adultos ápteros de M. sorghi in vitro. El extracto de n-hexano de C. aesculifolia produjo una mortalidad del 78%, y el extracto de metanol 48% a 10,000 ppm en 72 h. El tratamiento imidacloprid produjo una mortalidad del 100% en las primeras 24 h, y el control (Tween 20) 4% en 72 h. El estudio de Gases-Masas del extracto de n-hexano de C. aesculifolia identificó 12 compuestos químicos, siendo el nonacosano el mayoritario (25.1%). Las pruebas fitoquímicas clásicas del extracto de metanol de C. aesculifolia, resultaron positivas para alcaloides, taninos, saponinas, antracenos, triterpenos, y esteroides. Los extractos de C. aesculifolia presentaron efectos insecticidas importantes, y podrían ser considerados como una alternativa para el control de M. sorghi. Abstract. The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sorghi Theobald, 1904 (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is the most important pest of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Poaceae), in Mexico. Control of M. sorghi depends primarily on synthetic chemical insecticides, but new alternatives have been explored, such as botanical insecticides. The objective of this research was to evaluate the aphidicide effect of the extract of nhexane and methanol from stems of Ceiba aesculifolia (Malvaceae) against apterous adults in M. sorghi in vitro. The results revealed that n-hexane extract of C. aesculifolia killed 78% and methanol extract 48% at 10,000 ppm in 72 hours. The positive check (imidacloprid) eliminated 100% of the aphids in 24 hours and the negative check (Tween 20) 4% in 72 hours. The Gas-Mass study of n-hexane extract of C. aesculifolia identified 12 chemical compounds, nonacosane being most (25.1%). The classical phytochemical tests of the methanol extract of C. aesculifolia were positive for alkaloids, tannins, saponins, anthracenes, triterpenes, and steroids. The extracts of C. aesculifolia had significant aphidicide effects and could be considered an alternative for controlling M. sorghi.","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135480844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José Martínez-Ortega, Andrea Luna-Sámano, Héctor González-Hernández
{"title":"New Record of Stenoma Catenifer1 at Hueytamalco, Puebla, Mexico","authors":"José Martínez-Ortega, Andrea Luna-Sámano, Héctor González-Hernández","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0327","url":null,"abstract":"Este es un nuevo reporte geográfico de Stenoma catenifer Waslingham alimentándose en Persea schiedeana Nees en áreas de vegetación natural cercanas a huertos de frutas pequeñas en Hueytamalco, Puebla, México. La fruta de P. schiedeana que puede estar infestada es vendida en los mercados locales. Este reporte sugiere la implementación de regulaciones fitosanitarias para reducir el riesgo del establecimiento de esta plaga en zonas libres de ella, donde el aguacate ‘Hass’ se cultiva.","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134975217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}