Perfil Fitoquímico de Extractos de Tallos de Ceiba aesculifolia1 y su Efecto Insecticida Contra Melanaphis sorghi1

IF 0.3 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENTOMOLOGY
Edgar Jesús Delgado-Nuñez, Gabriel Flores-Franco, Orthon Ricardo Vargas-Cardoso, Blanca Esthela Álvarez-Fernández, Erubiel Toledo-Hernández, Sofia Miranda-Juárez, Luz Janet Tagle-Emigdio, César Sotelo-Leyva
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Resumen. El pulgón del sorgo, Melanaphis sorghi Theobald, 1904 (Hemiptera: Aphididae), es la plaga más importante del sorgo, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Poaceae), en México. Para su control se usan insecticidas sintéticos, y nuevas alternativas exploran el uso de insecticidas botánicos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto insecticida del extracto de n-hexano y metanol de tallos de Ceiba aesculifolia (Malvaceae) contra adultos ápteros de M. sorghi in vitro. El extracto de n-hexano de C. aesculifolia produjo una mortalidad del 78%, y el extracto de metanol 48% a 10,000 ppm en 72 h. El tratamiento imidacloprid produjo una mortalidad del 100% en las primeras 24 h, y el control (Tween 20) 4% en 72 h. El estudio de Gases-Masas del extracto de n-hexano de C. aesculifolia identificó 12 compuestos químicos, siendo el nonacosano el mayoritario (25.1%). Las pruebas fitoquímicas clásicas del extracto de metanol de C. aesculifolia, resultaron positivas para alcaloides, taninos, saponinas, antracenos, triterpenos, y esteroides. Los extractos de C. aesculifolia presentaron efectos insecticidas importantes, y podrían ser considerados como una alternativa para el control de M. sorghi. Abstract. The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sorghi Theobald, 1904 (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is the most important pest of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Poaceae), in Mexico. Control of M. sorghi depends primarily on synthetic chemical insecticides, but new alternatives have been explored, such as botanical insecticides. The objective of this research was to evaluate the aphidicide effect of the extract of nhexane and methanol from stems of Ceiba aesculifolia (Malvaceae) against apterous adults in M. sorghi in vitro. The results revealed that n-hexane extract of C. aesculifolia killed 78% and methanol extract 48% at 10,000 ppm in 72 hours. The positive check (imidacloprid) eliminated 100% of the aphids in 24 hours and the negative check (Tween 20) 4% in 72 hours. The Gas-Mass study of n-hexane extract of C. aesculifolia identified 12 chemical compounds, nonacosane being most (25.1%). The classical phytochemical tests of the methanol extract of C. aesculifolia were positive for alkaloids, tannins, saponins, anthracenes, triterpenes, and steroids. The extracts of C. aesculifolia had significant aphidicide effects and could be considered an alternative for controlling M. sorghi.
木棉七叶茎提取物的植物化学特征及其对黑檀木的杀虫作用
甘蔗蚜虫Melanaphis sorghi Theobald, 1904(半翅目:蚜虫科)是高粱的主要害虫。石竹科,产墨西哥。高粱分枝杆菌的防治主要依靠合成化学杀虫剂,但也在探索新的替代品,如植物杀虫剂。本研究旨在研究麦芽科七叶木棉茎正己烷和甲醇提取物对高粱分枝杆菌成虫的体外杀蚜效果。结果表明,在10000ppm条件下,七叶草正己烷提取物72h的杀虫率为78%,甲醇提取物为48%。阳性对照(吡虫啉)24 h杀灭100%,阴性对照(Tween 20) 72 h杀灭4%。对七叶草正己烷提取物进行气-质分析,鉴定出12种化合物,其中壬烷含量最多(25.1%)。七叶草甲醇提取物的生物碱、单宁、皂苷、蒽、三萜和甾类化合物的经典植物化学试验均呈阳性。枸杞提取物具有显著的杀蚜效果,可作为防治高粱分枝杆菌的替代药剂。
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来源期刊
Southwestern Entomologist
Southwestern Entomologist 生物-昆虫学
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
25.00%
发文量
95
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Manuscripts submitted for consideration for publication in the Southwestern Entomologist should report results of entomological research in the southwestern United States or Mexico or should report results of studies on entomological species, relevant to this region, which may be done elsewhere, provided such results are geographically applicable. Manuscripts that report results of routine laboratory or field experiments for which the primary purpose is gathering baseline data or those that report results of a continuous evaluation program such as preliminary pesticide evaluation experiments, species lists with no supporting biological data, or preliminary plant resistance evaluations are not acceptable. However, reports of experiments with insecticides, acaricides, and microbials are acceptable if they are comprehensive and include data related to economics, resistance, toxicology, or other broad subject areas. Bibliographies will not be published in Southwestern Entomologist.
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