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Robert Lee and his Undisciplined Medical Self: Life Writing, Character and 'Technologies of Self' in the Victorian Medical Profession. 罗伯特·李和他的无纪律的医学自我：生活写作，性格和“自我技术”在维多利亚医学专业。
IF 0.7 2区 哲学
Social History of Medicine Pub Date : 2025-01-22 eCollection Date: 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/shm/hkae096
James Bradley
{"title":"Robert Lee and his Undisciplined Medical Self: Life Writing, Character and 'Technologies of Self' in the Victorian Medical Profession.","authors":"James Bradley","doi":"10.1093/shm/hkae096","DOIUrl":"10.1093/shm/hkae096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Robert Lee was a divisive figure who, for much of his professional life, mismanaged his reputation. In this article, I use a diary written between 1837 and 1873 to explore the part character played in Lee's fraught relationship with the medical profession. Special attention is paid to Lee's dual use of life writing. On the one hand, he was an avid reader of biographies, memoirs and obituaries, which he then recorded in his diary. On the other, his diary writing was designed to audit his behaviour and then transform his self, making him a disciplined medical professional. Presented like this, his diary bears the hallmarks of a Foucauldian 'technology of self'. However, Lee's dual engagement with life writing revealed the character flaws that did much to damage his professional standing, and despite the diary's use as a tool for self-fashioning, an unruly professional subject emerged from its pages.</p>","PeriodicalId":21922,"journal":{"name":"Social History of Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":"71-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13034121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147594280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
HIV Vaccine Research Coordination by the World Health Organization Between 1990 and 1995: Negotiating the Access to Research Cohorts of Military Subjects. 1990年至1995年世界卫生组织艾滋病毒疫苗研究的协调：谈判进入军事研究对象的研究队列。
IF 0.7 2区 哲学
Social History of Medicine Pub Date : 2025-01-03 eCollection Date: 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/shm/hkae061
Pierre-Marie David
{"title":"HIV Vaccine Research Coordination by the World Health Organization Between 1990 and 1995: Negotiating the Access to Research Cohorts of Military Subjects.","authors":"Pierre-Marie David","doi":"10.1093/shm/hkae061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkae061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article presents how acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) vaccine research was coordinated internationally between 1990 and 1995 by creating a special unit within the World Health Organization (WHO), the AIDS Vaccine Development (VAD) unit. This WHO's international coordination constituted a paradoxical repoliticisation of international human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) research, as it centralised scattered, privatised and sometimes hidden research within a single international organisation, while also reinscribing research in southern countries into ambivalent, postcolonial power relations by means of humanist arguments and research cohorts of military subjects. This history is important because the WHO coordination appears to have unwillingly elided the sociopolitical conditions of possibility for experimentation that were also, in part, driving the explosion of HIV infection on the continent at that time. Finally, it helps reflect on how the current global health paradigm of accelerated research for innovations and vaccine development can institute uneven research infrastructures.</p>","PeriodicalId":21922,"journal":{"name":"Social History of Medicine","volume":"38 3","pages":"449-465"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12511525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145281162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Child Welfare Exhibitions in Delhi (1920, 1924-1932): Motherhood, Public Health and Colonial Government. 德里儿童福利展览（1920年，1924-1932年）：母性、公共卫生和殖民政府。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Social History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-11 eCollection Date: 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/shm/hkae050
Laura Carballido-Coria
{"title":"Child Welfare Exhibitions in Delhi (1920, 1924-1932): Motherhood, Public Health and Colonial Government.","authors":"Laura Carballido-Coria","doi":"10.1093/shm/hkae050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkae050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The child welfare exhibitions in Delhi, held for the first time in 1920, and then from 1924 to 1932, aimed at educating mothers to look properly after their children hoping to reduce illness and mortality. These exhibitions are to be understood against two broad trends. One is a worldwide interest regarding maternal and infant mortality and a greater awareness regarding the relevance of hygiene and sanitation. The other is the set of particular concerns in India and Delhi. There was a shift in policy and language between the end of the decade of 1910 and the beginning of the decade of 1920, when sanitation acquired a new meaning which included not only drainage works or cleaning of streets, but also hygiene lessons and inspection at schools; when there was talk about public health, and greater emphasis on the role of the 'Indian public' and 'social service' in the colonial discourse.</p>","PeriodicalId":21922,"journal":{"name":"Social History of Medicine","volume":"38 2","pages":"373-393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12264199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
'The Humble Condom': The Rise of Condom Culture and HIV/AIDS in Queensland. “谦卑的避孕套”：避孕套文化和艾滋病在昆士兰的兴起。
IF 0.7 2区 哲学
Social History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-11 eCollection Date: 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/shm/hkae071
Cassandra Byrnes
{"title":"'The Humble Condom': The Rise of Condom Culture and HIV/AIDS in Queensland.","authors":"Cassandra Byrnes","doi":"10.1093/shm/hkae071","DOIUrl":"10.1093/shm/hkae071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article traces the rise in popularity of condom usage during the 1980s HIV/AIDS epidemic in Australia's most conservative state, Queensland. This research demonstrates the efficacy of grassroots activism and organisation in promoting condom use as a life-saving measure, despite government inaction. Centring the role of the condom, this article is the first history of policy surrounding condoms in 1980s Queensland, illustrating the moral and social anxieties that coalesced at state level around the condom, which came into conflict with federal, medical, community and (particularly notably) religious perspectives. With AIDS, the condom itself became a site of acute anxiety in that it simultaneously represented a medical act of prevention and a socially fraught sexual risk. Acceptance of the condom was fostered through educational campaigns by and for targeted communities and in direct opposition to abstinence advocacy espoused by the state government.</p>","PeriodicalId":21922,"journal":{"name":"Social History of Medicine","volume":"38 3","pages":"423-448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12511520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145281144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Open Body Closed: A Rationale for the Abandonment of Bloodletting, Based on Nineteenth-Century Swedish Medicine. 开放的身体封闭：19世纪瑞典医学放弃放血的基本原理。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Social History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-21 eCollection Date: 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/shm/hkae069
Annelie Drakman
{"title":"The Open Body Closed: A Rationale for the Abandonment of Bloodletting, Based on Nineteenth-Century Swedish Medicine.","authors":"Annelie Drakman","doi":"10.1093/shm/hkae069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkae069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article contains an analysis of the use and abandonment of bloodletting in Sweden 1820-1900. Close readings of over 8,000 yearly reports by Swedish provincial doctors and popular medical handbooks, journals and notes from medical societies have been used, as well as key word searches meant to illustrate overarching tendencies. One result is that quantitative balance between humours was not an aim of therapeutic bleeding in this context. Rather, bloodletting was mainly used to reinstate regular flows in a hydraulic model of the body. It is argued that a shift from focusing on smooth flows to seeing bleeding as blood loss marked a transformation of the medical imagination from working with an 'open', malleable body to a 'closed', fixed body. This helps explain why therapeutic bleeding, for millennia the most important practice in medical practitioners' arsenal, was silently abandoned decades before the breakthrough of bacteriology and scientific medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":21922,"journal":{"name":"Social History of Medicine","volume":"38 2","pages":"270-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12264203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Native Administration Sanitary Inspectors and the British Colonial Hygiene Programme in Western Nigeria, c. 1930-1940s. 约1930-1940年代，尼日利亚西部当地行政卫生检查员和英国殖民卫生计划。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Social History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-21 eCollection Date: 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/shm/hkae070
Adebisi Alade
{"title":"Native Administration Sanitary Inspectors and the British Colonial Hygiene Programme in Western Nigeria, c. 1930-1940s.","authors":"Adebisi Alade","doi":"10.1093/shm/hkae070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkae070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article explores a colonial sanitation programme in Nigeria during the interwar period: the training and employment of Africans as sanitary inspectors to improve public health. From the early 1930-45, local health inspectors trained to educate the African public on modern hygiene principles emerged in a society where poverty made people pursue their changing personal interests in ways that challenged colonial laws and deviated from ethical standards governing behaviour in African society. In this landscape, some African sanitary inspectors and local chiefs articulated other meanings to the colonial hygiene project. Beyond the conventional racial analysis of colonial health, the article critiques the agentive role of local rulers and sanitary inspectors who shaped the health intervention. It concludes that by 1945, the well-intentioned programme had developed complications expected in an environment of budget restraint and economic hardship, transforming Yoruba towns into sites of power struggle between sanitary inspectors and the people.</p>","PeriodicalId":21922,"journal":{"name":"Social History of Medicine","volume":"38 2","pages":"323-360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12264200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A World of (In)difference? Social Inequalities Among Infants' Causes of Death in Mid-nineteenth-Century Amsterdam. 一个截然不同的世界？19世纪中期阿姆斯特丹婴儿死亡原因中的社会不平等。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Social History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-21 eCollection Date: 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/shm/hkae066
Sanne Muurling, Peter Ekamper
{"title":"A World of (In)difference? Social Inequalities Among Infants' Causes of Death in Mid-nineteenth-Century Amsterdam.","authors":"Sanne Muurling, Peter Ekamper","doi":"10.1093/shm/hkae066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkae066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relationship between mortality and socioeconomic status is among the most debated topics within historical demography. This article scrutinises social disparities in infant mortality and its underlying mechanisms in mid-nineteenth-century Amsterdam. We apply two methods of survival analysis (Cox proportional hazard models and Fine-Grey competing risk models) on newly digitised individual-level cause-of-death data for infants born in 1856 combined with civil certificates and population register data. Through a comparison of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, we bring to light important social differences in infants' mortality risks; hazard ratios for congenital and birth disorders during early post-neonatal infancy were over 50 per cent lower for Amsterdam's middle class than for unskilled workers. We argue that the social differentiation in infant mortality reflects stark intra-urban disparities in maternal health across social groups as well as a degree of medical ineffectiveness or even indifference structured along the same socioeconomic lines.</p>","PeriodicalId":21922,"journal":{"name":"Social History of Medicine","volume":"38 2","pages":"291-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12264207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Disseminated Knowledge: The Advancement of Finnish Occupational Medicine and Work Psychology in a Transnational Context, c. 1945-1952. 传播知识：跨国背景下芬兰职业医学和工作心理学的进步，约1945-1952年。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Social History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-12 eCollection Date: 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/shm/hkae067
Mona Mannevuo
{"title":"Disseminated Knowledge: The Advancement of Finnish Occupational Medicine and Work Psychology in a Transnational Context, c. 1945-1952.","authors":"Mona Mannevuo","doi":"10.1093/shm/hkae067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkae067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article focuses on the advancement of Finnish occupational medicine in the immediate post-war period, situating its development within a transnational context. Its objective is to offer insight into Finnish post-war industrial medicine and particularly developments in mental health care. The empirical methodology addresses a previously unexplored case study: the connections between the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH) and Roffey Park Rehabilitation Centre, established in 1943 to address various cases of industrial neurosis. The case study sheds light on the ways in which FIOH adopted reformist ideas from transnational medical communities by aligning them with the needs of Finland's war reparations industry. The article argues that FIOH's experts advanced new theories of mental disorder for Finland's newly modern industrial society, and that these initiatives should be situated within broader transnational endeavours in the mental hygiene movement.</p>","PeriodicalId":21922,"journal":{"name":"Social History of Medicine","volume":"38 2","pages":"249-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12264202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The New (White) Normal: Human Anatomy and the Naturalisation of White Bodies in British University Teaching, 1860-1910. 新（白人）标准：1860-1910年英国大学教学中的人体解剖学和白人身体的归化。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Social History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-11 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/shm/hkae049
Rebecca Martin
{"title":"The New (White) Normal: Human Anatomy and the Naturalisation of White Bodies in British University Teaching, 1860-1910.","authors":"Rebecca Martin","doi":"10.1093/shm/hkae049","DOIUrl":"10.1093/shm/hkae049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The discipline of human anatomy has often been overlooked in histories of race science in favour of comparative anatomy, anthropology, ethnography and statistics. However, understanding the historical relationship between human anatomy and race science is particularly important because of the discipline's central role, unlike its sister disciplines, in medical education. This article begins to redress this oversight, demonstrating that human anatomy played a key role in the development of nineteenth-century race science in Britain. This article considers three main elements of ideas about racial anatomical difference: the language of racial hierarchy, anatomists' location of racial difference within the body and the perpetuation of these ideas over time. In so doing, I argue that research into racial difference was demonstrably anatomical during the late nineteenth century, playing a key role in British anatomists' discipline-building processes, and that these ideas were present within the classroom, influencing generations of medical students.</p>","PeriodicalId":21922,"journal":{"name":"Social History of Medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":"127-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12146253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144267160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
'The Advice of a Gent Who Died from Neglecting it': The Gentlemanly Pursuit of Knowledge Regarding Domestic Medicine in Kent c.1630-1800. 一位因忽视而死亡的绅士的建议"：1630-1800 年间肯特郡绅士对家庭医学知识的追求。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Social History of Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-08 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/shm/hkae041
Francesca Elizabeth Richards
{"title":"'The Advice of a Gent Who Died from Neglecting it': The Gentlemanly Pursuit of Knowledge Regarding Domestic Medicine in Kent c.1630-1800.","authors":"Francesca Elizabeth Richards","doi":"10.1093/shm/hkae041","DOIUrl":"10.1093/shm/hkae041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>English gentlemen in the early modern period held ultimate responsibility for the health of their households. Building on previous studies which have revealed how both men and women of the gentry participated in remedy-collecting and some forms of caring duties as necessity demanded, this article situates gentlemanly interest in domestic medicine within familial, social and professional networks of knowledge and reading practices. Employing a micro-historical approach, this study explores the interests of Sir Henry Oxinden of Barham and his great-grandson, Lee Warly of Canterbury, who developed their medical knowledge by consulting female relatives, local acquaintances and medical texts. They assessed the value of physicians' advice and the appeal of new ingredients. This article thus contributes a significant case study to the historiography of domestic medicine, presenting the gentlemanly pursuit of medical knowledge for practical and academic purposes as an activity which enhanced male status within the family and community.</p>","PeriodicalId":21922,"journal":{"name":"Social History of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"103-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7616796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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