Scientific Reports最新文献

{"title":"The disrupted jet stream and its influence on flight time during solar proton events.","authors":"Xiaoheng Xu, Yi Wang, Fengsi Wei, Xueshang Feng, Manhui Bo, Hongwu Tang, Diansheng Wang, Lei Bian, Boyi Wang, Pingbing Zuo, Chaowei Jiang, Xiaojun Xu, Zilu Zhou, Zeng Li, Peng Zou, Yun Li, Liang Zeng, Xiaoxing Zhu","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-07137-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-025-07137-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The long-chain effects of eruptive solar activities on Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, and the mid-to-lower atmospheric circulation are an important theoretical research topic in the fields of space weather and atmospheric science. Understanding the impact of space weather on aviation holds substantial economic value. It is well-known that flight times for polar routes may increase during solar proton events (SPEs) due to the necessity of avoiding high-energy particles. However, changes in atmospheric circulation due to SPEs and their impact on flight times have not been reported yet. This study systematically analyzed 15 pairs of representative international air routes, comprising a total of 16,037 flight records affected by the polar jet stream between 2015 and 2019. An unpaired two-sample two-tailed t-test revealed that 86.67% of westbound flights had shorter durations, while 86.67% of eastbound flights had longer durations during SPEs compared to quiet periods, with an average change of approximately 7 min. Further investigation into 42 SPEs during an entire solar cycle (11 years) indicates that the poleward shift of the polar jet stream, associated with high-energy particle precipitation, is the fundamental reason for the asymmetrical changes in flight times. This is the first report detailing the impact of SPEs on atmospheric circulation and flight times. Our findings reveal the long-chain mechanism by which SPEs directly influence the circulation of Earth's lower atmosphere. These results are also crucial for aviation, as they can help airlines optimize routes, reduce fuel costs, and contribute to climate change mitigation efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"22969"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144544679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interplay between endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Zhila Maghbooli, Forough Azam Sayahpour, Tarlan Varzandi, Mahya Rouhollahi Masoumi, Mohammad Ali Sahraian","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-06996-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-025-06996-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is one of the hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to investigate the role of ER stress in interaction with inflammatory markers in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The participants in the current study were recruited in two age and sex-matched groups: 44 recently diagnosed MS patients and 53 control subjects. Differential gene expression of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), and circulating levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were assessed in MS patients and controls. The results showed that serum levels of TNF-α were significantly higher in MS patients than in the control group (p = 0.01), but not IL-1β serum levels. As for ER stress markers, there were no changes in CHOP expression levels in MS patients compared to the control group (p = 0.2). In contrast, GRP78 showed significant upregulation in MS patients compared to the control group (p = 0.0001). This study showed that the interaction between GRP78 and TNF-α influences the risk of MS (beta = 1.43, 95%CI:1.09-1.87, p = 0.01). Our data suggest that the interaction between TNF-α and GRP78 may modulate ER stress in MS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"22916"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144544750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformation of Ukrainian students' attitudes toward wheelchair users amid the Russian-Ukrainian war.","authors":"Andriej Szpakow, Krystyna Kowalczuk, Yuliia Antonova-Rafi, Igor Khudetskyy, Oryna Detsyk, Olga Fedortsiv, Oksana Hdyrya, Andriy Bazylevych, Liudmila Vilchynskaya","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-05647-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-025-05647-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attitudes toward people with disabilities reflect the level of moral and cultural development of societies, their cohesion, and their ability to coexist harmoniously. Studying students' attitudes toward wheelchair users in the context of the armed conflict in Ukraine is an important step in exploring the sociodemographic determinants of those attitudes and the evolution of social awareness among young people. The research was conducted twice, in 2022 and 2024, covering 1,453 and 986 Ukrainian students, respectively, from medical, humanities, and social science programmes at universities in Kyiv, Ternopil, Ivano-Frankivsk, and Lviv. The method used was a diagnostic survey with a standardised questionnaire, the Multidimensional Attitudes Scale Toward Persons With Disabilities (MAS-UA). Results are presented in subscales, with higher values indicating more negative attitudes toward individuals with disabilities. The results indicate significant differences in the first subscale of the MAS (39.94 ± 5.97 in 2022 vs. 33.76 ± 10.07 in 2024), suggesting an increase in positive emotional-evaluative attitudes in the later study. The overall assessment of social attitudes has also improved (79.22 ± 11.98 vs. 74.02 ± 18.31). The cognitive and behavioural aspects of attitudes are more stable and change relatively slowly. The armed conflict has triggered the mobilisation of the Ukrainian youth to increase efforts for the benefit of people with physical disabilities. The sociodemographic 'profile' plays a role in shaping emotional attitudes and the overall MAS score. Older students, women, those living in large cities, married individuals, students in medical fields, and those who identify with a religion exhibit a more positive attitude. The increase in positive emotions, reduction in tension, stress, helplessness, and shame indicate an improvement in mental well-being. However, a decline has been noted in feelings of relaxation, calmness, and composure. A daily visual or direct contact with people with physical disabilities has significantly improved affective attitudes, highlighting the importance of direct interactions in fostering empathy and understanding.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"22772"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144544803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-broadband actively tunable terahertz modulator based on multi-stacked metamaterial.","authors":"Bhagwat Singh Chouhan, Sirsendu Ghosal, K M Rohith, Soumyadeep Ray, P K Giri, Amir Ahmad, Gagan Kumar","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-07122-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-025-07122-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The flexible and tunable metasurfaces employing phase transition materials hold significance in developing terahertz photonic components for applications in 6G and beyond. This research article introduces ultra-broadband terahertz amplitude modulation caused by the metal-insulator phase transition in a vanadium dioxide thin film. Utilizing a multi-stacked metamaterial (MM) on a flexible substrate, the proposed design offers an ultra-broadband bandwidth. The high-quality vanadium dioxide film, capable of undergoing metal-insulator phase transition with temperature, is grown on a quartz substrate. Flexible multi-stacked MM, separately fabricated in a clean room, is transferred onto the VO₂ film. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy reveals an ultra-broadband FWHM of 1.02 THz and a high modulation depth of 55% as the temperature of the integrated MM increases from 50 to 90 °C. A transmission line model is proposed to understand the resonance broadening observed through simulation and experiments. This work showcases a flexible and actively tunable ultra-broadband modulator developed via the facile polyimide-mediated peel-off technique of the MM and its transfer onto the phase transition material. The study unlocks avenues to develop versatile, flexible, tunable terahertz photonics components for applications in wireless communication systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"22748"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144544831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding UK policymakers' evidence needs through policy questions.","authors":"Magda Osman, Nick Cosstick","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-05911-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-025-05911-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present mixed methods study used UK policymakers to answer the following: (1) are there common topics for which evidence is requested over time (2019 to 2023) that cut across government departments or agencies, and (2) is there a preferred style in the way evidence is requested? Three separate datasets of policy questions (n = 3260) posed by UK policy makers to academics were coded by a combination of humans and an algorithm and then analysed. First, of the 7 recurring topics identified (Climate and Environment, Defence and Security, Economy, Health, Information Technology, Social Welfare, Technology), Economy (27%) was the most featured across all policy makers across all 5 years. Climate and Environment showed the sharpest rise over time (16-38%). Second, of 7 styles of questions, procedural (33%) was the most common, which means addressing \"how to\" (e.g. measure, intervene, prevent) type questions. In the qualitative interviews policymakers reported gaining the most from an exploratory rather than a goal-specific approach during one-to-one interactions with academics. Also when having their assumptions challenged this helped to expand the way they thought of policy issues that they were currently addressing. This UK test case shows the value of focused iterative policy-academic exchanges and could be a way to enhance evidence-based policymaking initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"22484"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144544843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A clean self-diverting acid for carbonate reservoir in deep wells at high temperatures and its performance evaluation.","authors":"Xiangsen Gao, Min Wang, Xian Shi, Bin Li, Jian Mao, Poplygin Vladimir Valerievich","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-00580-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00580-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The key technology for stimulating carbonate oil and gas reservoirs lies in the meticulous selection of an appropriate acid system, control over the action distance of active acid on the reservoir, and attainment of good conductivity through non-uniform etching of the rock wall surface by acid. Currently, retarded acid systems are beset by serious acid filtration problems, resulting in a limited length of acid-etched fractures and incomplete polymer breakage of glue in residual acids after stimulation, ultimately impeding oil and gas reservoir production and efficiency. In response to the development requirements of high-temperature deep hydrocarbon reservoirs, a clean diverting acid system based on VES surfactant has been successfully developed. Through systematic evaluation of key parameters including temperature-viscosity characteristics, filtration performance, retardation efficiency, friction reduction capability, and intelligent viscosity-altering mechanism, experimental results demonstrate: Under conditions of 170 s^-1 shear rate and 160 °C, the system maintains a dynamic viscosity ≥ 50 mPa·s, representing a 14.3% improvement in temperature resistance compared to current diverting acid systems (with a general temperature resistance limit of 140 °C). The filtration coefficient measures 2.08 × 10^-4 m/min^0.5 (equivalent to 26% of that of conventional retarded acids), with a flow friction coefficient of 0.25 (75% reduction compared to the water baseline). The friction reduction efficiency shows a 41.7% enhancement over traditional diverting acids (30% friction reduction rate). Furthermore, its viscosity range is narrower than that of traditional viscosity-modifying acids, preventing excessive filtration of the acid solution and increasing the reservoir stimulation volume. The innovative clean self-diverting acid fulfills all requirements for deep acid fracturing in deep high-temperature oil and gas reservoirs with complex geological characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"23628"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144554391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A deep learning model for early diagnosis of alzheimer's disease combined with 3D CNN and video Swin transformer.","authors":"Juan Zhou, Yiming Wei, Xiong Li, Weiqiang Zhou, Ruiyang Tao, Yi Hua, Hongwei Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-05568-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05568-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) constitutes a neurodegenerative disorder predominantly observed in the geriatric population. If AD can be diagnosed early, both in terms of prevention and treatment, it is very beneficial to patients. Therefore, our team proposed a novel deep learning model named 3D-CNN-VSwinFormer. The model consists of two components: the first part is a 3D CNN equipped with a 3D Convolutional Block Attention Module (3D CBAM) module, and the second part involves a fine-tuned Video Swin Transformer. Our investigation extracts features from subject-level 3D Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, retaining only a single 3D MRI image per participant. This method circumvents data leakage and addresses the issue of 2D slices failing to capture global spatial information. We utilized the ADNI dataset to validate our proposed model. In differentiating between AD patients and cognitively normal (CN) individuals, we achieved accuracy and AUC values of 92.92% and 0.9660, respectively. Compared to other studies on AD and CN recognition, our model yielded superior results, enhancing the efficiency of AD diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"23311"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144554396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An electrochemical approach for tryptophan detection that regulates the kynurenine pathway.","authors":"Pavithra Narasimhappa, Praveen C Ramamurthy","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-86587-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86587-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An electrochemical sensor for detecting tryptophan (Trp) was developed through the electro-polymerization of a phenazinium chloride derivative/safranin (SA) on both a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and a screen-printed electrode (SPE). The sensor's electrochemical properties were assessed using cyclic voltammetry (CV), with a focus on optimizing various parameters such as the pH of the supporting electrolyte, the scan rate, the SA concentration for polymerization, and the number of CV cycles. The significant decrease in the energy bandgap of Trp in the presence of SA provides strong evidence for enhanced electron transfer efficiency. The results demonstrated that the electrochemical oxidation of Trp is predominantly a diffusion-controlled and irreversible process. A linear relationship was observed between the anodic oxidation peak and the Trp concentration, ranging from 10 to 90 µM. Detection and quantification limits were determined to be 2.3 µM and 7.8 µM for the SA/GCE configuration, and 1.17 µM and 3.9 µM for the SA/SPE configuration, respectively. The modified electrodes displayed exceptional selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. Their practical utility was further validated in tests involving bovine serum albumin, where the sensor achieved outstanding detection performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"23421"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144554404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A game study on the evolution of carbon emission reduction behavior of Chinese power enterprises.","authors":"Yunhan Liu, Changchun Gao, Jusheng Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-08645-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08645-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon verification agencies and power enterprises play a crucial role in the process of reducing carbon emissions. Under government regulation, this paper explores the low-carbon behavior of carbon verification agencies and power enterprises, considering factors such as rewards and penalties, reputation, collusion, and costs. We first constructed a carbon emission reduction game model using evolutionary game theory and replicated dynamic equations to analyze the interactions between carbon verification agencies and power enterprises under government oversight. Subsequently, this study used theoretical derivation and numerical simulation to investigate the model's evolution and the influence of various factors on the system's evolution results. It is found that, firstly, the carbon emission reduction game between the carbon verification agency and the power enterprises will eventually be stabilized in two states (authentic verification and carbon emission reduction) and (fraudulent verification and no carbon emission reduction), and the specific stabilization of which state is closely related to the selection of the initial values of the parameters. Secondly, within a certain range, increasing the government's rewards and penalties, increasing the reputation loss of carbon verification agencies and power enterprises, reducing the benefits of collusion between two parties, reducing the cost of low carbon disclosure and emission reduction of power enterprises will help the construction of a cooperative pattern of low carbon emission reduction and authentic supervision of carbon verification agencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"23137"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144554412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A human activity recognition model based on deep neural network integrating attention mechanism.","authors":"Feng Xu, Xuchen Gao, Weigang Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-98763-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98763-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human Activity Recognition (HAR) is crucial in multiple fields. Existing HAR techniques include manual feature extraction, codebook-based methods, and deep learning, each with limitations. This paper presents DCAM-Net (DeepConvAttentionMLPNet), a novel deep neural network model without relying on pre-trained model weights. It integrates CNN and MLP with an attention mechanism. Experiments using data from 30 participants' smartphone sensors (acceleration and gyroscope) show that after preprocessing and sampling, the model takes 561-dimensional feature vectors as input. With multi-scale feature extraction, residual and skip connections, and dual attention mechanisms, along with a series of optimization strategies like dropout, batch normalization, and AdamW optimizer, the model achieves an average accuracy of 99.03% in five-fold cross-validation. It outperforms other models and has good generalization ability. However, future work could involve using more diverse datasets, improving computational efficiency for real-time applications, enhancing activity transition recognition, and fusing other sensor data to better meet practical needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"23192"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144554413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}