Scientific Reports最新文献

{"title":"Significant impact of bleaching treatment on phage-host interaction dynamics in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant.","authors":"Peihan Yan, Junge Zhu, Qianwei Ji, Gaolin Hou, Guoqiang Liang, Xinchun Liu, Ruyin Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-04743-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-025-04743-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The temporal dynamics of phage-host interactions within full-scale biological wastewater treatment (BWT) plants remain inadequately characterized. Here, we provide an in-depth investigation of viral and bacterial dynamics over a nine-year period in an activated sludge BWT plant, where bleach addition was applied to control sludge foaming. By conducting bioinformatic analyses on 98 metagenomic time-series samples, we reconstructed 3,486 bacterial genomes and 2,435 complete or near-complete viral genomes, which were classified into 361 bacterial and 889 viral clusters, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the primary bleaching event induced significant shifts in both bacterial and viral communities, as well as in virus-host interactions, as evidenced by alterations in bacteria-virus interaction networks and virus-to-host ratio dynamics. Following bleaching, the bacteria-virus network became less interconnected but more compartmentalized. Viral communities mirrored bacterial dynamics, indicating a strong coupling in phage-host interactions. Among the identified virus-host pairs, many exhibited a decelerating rise in viral abundance relative to host abundance, with virus-to-host ratios generally displaying a negative correlation with host abundance. This trend was particularly pronounced in virus-host pairs where viruses harbored integrase genes, indicative of temperate dynamics resembling a \"Piggyback-the-Winner\" model. Notably, the bleaching intervention appeared to induce a transition from lysogeny to lysis in viruses associated with some foaming-related bacterial species, suggesting a potential virus-involved indirect mechanism by which bleaching mitigates sludge foaming.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"19165"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Reynolds number and scale ratio on VIV tests for railway blunt box girders.","authors":"Damei Tuo, Guosheng Zeng, Yi Zhang, Meili Liao","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-02621-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-025-02621-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blunt steel box girder as a form of main girder used in large-span railway bridges, the vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs) phenomenon is significant. In order to investigate the effect of model scale on the test results of section model VIV tests of railway bridge blunt box girders, 1:90, 1:50 and 1:25 section model wind tunnel tests were carried out. The test results show that the VIV experimental results are greatly affected by the scale of the model, in which the amplitudes obtained from the 1:50 model test is the most significant, and the VIV characteristics of the two scale models of 1:50 and 1:25 coincide with each other roughly; However, the 1:90 small-scale model is not able to effectively respond to the VIV characteristics of the real bridge. The CFD numerical simulation results also confirm the phenomenon that the 1:90 small-scale model test cannot effectively respond to the real VIVs characteristics. Although VIVs, obtained in a small-scale model test, are not possible to determine the vibration response of the actual railway bridge, it can be used to compare the VIV performance of the cross-section and to assist in the study of aerodynamic optimization measures at the early design stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"19146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical detection of tetracycline using Cu-MOF functionalised screen-printed electrodes.","authors":"Lakshya Sankhla, Aman Kumar, Himmat Singh Kushwah","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-03150-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-025-03150-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study offers a novel approach to fabricating an electrochemical sensor based on a screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with a monometallic copper metal-organic framework (Cu-MOF) for detecting tetracycline. Despite tetracycline is an antibiotic used extensively in both human and animal healthcare, overuse of the drug has polluted the environment and caused antibiotic resistance. To protect the public's health and stop the development of resistant bacterial strains, it is essential to detect tetracycline in the supply of food and water. Furthermore, Cu-MOF was synthesized by a solvothermal technique utilizing terephthalic acid as the building block. Several characterization examinations verified the synthesis of the MOF. Because of the metal synergism between Cu ions, the monometallic Cu-MOF showed strong tetracycline adsorption and electrocatalytic capabilities. For the tetracycline electro-determination, it was therefore used as the electrode material. Differential Pulse Voltammetry was employed in the electroanalysis, with a linearity range of 0.0001-100 µmol L^-1 and a detection limit as low as 1.007 µmol L^-1. The sensor was successfully applied to real-sample matrices, including tap water and RO water, demonstrating good recovery values ranging from 97.05 to 105.71%; the suggested sensor showed good recovery of the antibiotic that had been spiked.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"19129"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic value of non-obstructive coronary artery disease based on coronary computed tomography angiography in a long-term follow-up and multicenter study.","authors":"Zengfa Huang, Xiaowei Chen, Wanpeng Wang, Xinyu Du, Beibei Cao, Mei Li, Yang Yang, Xi Wang, Jiong Huang, Jinghang Zhu, Xu Zhao, Xiang Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-04147-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-025-04147-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the long-term prognostic significance of non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) in predicting the risk of all-cause death in a multicenter study. Three hospitals in Wuhan participated in this retrospective, observational, multicenter study of 7320 patients with suspected of having CAD and who underwent clinical coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) from June 2011 to December 2015. According to coronary CTA, the extent of CAD was categorized as non-obstructive, obstructive, and no CAD. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. A total of 611 patients experienced all-cause mortality with a median duration of 8.0 years (7.2-8.9). The annualized mortality rate was 0.50 (95% CI: 0.43-0.58), 1.31 (95% CI: 1.16-1.47), and 2.18 (95% CI: 1.93-2.46) for the no CAD, non-obstructive CAD, and obstructive CAD, respectively. There was a significant association between the classification and the increased cumulative events, as shown by the Kaplan-Meier survival curve (P < 0.001). The multivariate Cox model showed that the hazard ratios (HR) for predicting all-cause mortality from 1.42 (95% CI: 1.15-1.75, P = 0.001) in non-obstructive CAD to 1.87 (95% CI: 1.50-2.33, P < 0.001) in obstructive CAD compared with no CAD. At 8-year follow-up, patients with non-obstructive CAD detected by coronary CTA had a 1.42-fold increased risk of all-cause mortality compared to patients without evidence of CAD. Thus, these findings suggest that non-obstructive CAD is clinically significant and that further investigation of interventions to improve the prognosis of these patients is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"19153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saliva-based lacosamide monitoring paves the way toward personalized epilepsy pharmacotherapy.","authors":"Yoonhyuk Jang, Seon-Jae Ahn, Soyoung Lee, Yongmoo Kim, Han Sang Lee, Yoon-Kyung Lee, Yong Woo Shin, Soon-Tae Lee, Keun-Hwa Jung, Kyung-Il Park, Ki-Young Jung, Joo-Youn Cho, SeungHwan Lee, Kyung-Sang Yu, Kon Chu, In-Jin Jang, Sang Kun Lee","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-04044-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-025-04044-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Saliva, known for better patient compliance and simpler collection, is ideal for monitoring antiseizure medication (ASM) levels. This study aimed to validate saliva for measuring lacosamide, develop a pharmacokinetic (PK) model, and determine the optimal saliva concentration for seizure control in epilepsy patients. In our prospective study at Seoul National University Hospital from August 2021 to November 2022, we enrolled lacosamide-prescribed epilepsy patients, collecting their saliva and blood samples. We developed a population PK model with nonlinear mixed-effects modeling, incorporating a saliva compartment and plasma-to-saliva distribution scaling factor. The model, factoring in CYP2C19 genotypes, demographics, and concurrent ASM use, estimated optimal saliva lacosamide concentration cutoffs for well-controlled seizures in high seizure burden patients. These values were validated through a two-year longitudinal analysis. In our study, 123 epilepsy patients prescribed lacosamide were finally analyzed. We identified 74 matched pairs of blood and saliva samples, finding a linear relationship between their lacosamide concentrations (R = 0.62, P < 0.001). Using our PK model, we estimated individual peak (C_max) and trough concentrations in saliva and blood based on dosage, determining optimal saliva cutoffs for well-controlled seizure status in lacosamide: 15.94 mg/L for C_max and 9.056 mg/L for trough, with 72.7% sensitivity and 88.2% specificity. Longitudinal analysis showed well-controlled seizure status achievement aligning with times when estimated C_max and trough surpassed these cutoffs. Our research presents the potential and validity of using saliva concentration as an alternative to blood concentration for lacosamide TDM, advancing personalized pharmacotherapy in epilepsy treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"19181"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A glimpse into Oomycota diversity in freshwater lakes and adjacent forests using a metabarcoding approach.","authors":"Hossein Masigol, Marcel Dominik Solbach, Mohammad Javad Pourmoghaddam, Reza Ahadi, Reza Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa, Seyedeh Roksana Taheri, Sven Patrik Tobias-Hünefeldt, Michael Bonkowski, Hans-Peter Grossart","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-01727-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-025-01727-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oomycota, a diverse group of fungus-like protists, play key ecological roles in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, yet their habitat-specific diversity and distribution remain poorly understood. This study investigates the diversity of two major Oomycota classes, Saprolegniomycetes and Peronosporomycetes, in two freshwater lakes and their adjacent forests in northeastern Germany. Using a combination of targeted metabarcoding and traditional isolation techniques, we analyzed samples from six habitats, including soil (forest), rotten leaves (forest and shoreline), sediments (shoreline), and surface waters (littoral and pelagic zones). Metabarcoding revealed 401 Oomycota OTUs, with Pythium, Globisporangium, and Saprolegnia as dominant genera. Culture-based methods identified 110 strains, predominantly from surface water and sediment, with Pythium sensu lato and Saprolegnia as the most frequent taxa. Alpha and beta diversity analyses highlighted distinct community structures influenced by lake and habitat type, with significant co-occurrence of Saprolegniomycetes and Peronosporomycetes across habitats. This study provides the first comprehensive metabarcoding-based exploration of Oomycota biodiversity in interconnected freshwater and terrestrial ecotones, uncovering previously unrecognized patterns of habitat-specific diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"19124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A secure and efficient user selection scheme in vehicular crowdsensing.","authors":"Min Zhang, Qing Ye, Zhimin Yuan, Kaihuan Deng","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-02530-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-025-02530-w","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Against the backdrop of the rapid development of the Internet of Things and vehicle technology, the emergence of intelligent connected vehicles provides a technological foundation for vehicle crowdsensing (VCS). This emerging sensing paradigm is beneficial for reducing financial and time costs related to data collection and improving data quality. Inappropriate user selection may lead to redundant sensing data, consequently degrading the quality of sensing tasks. At present, user selection schemes have the following lacks: (1) Privacy protection and data security are often neglected, resulting in reduced user participation willingness. (2) Insufficient data quality assurance and challenges in processing high-dimensional redundant data remain significant issues. (3) Key exchange protocols rely on traditional cryptographic algorithms, which struggle to comply with Chinese cryptographic standards and incur high overhead. In order to solve these problems, this article proposes a secure and efficient user selection scheme in vehicular crowdsensing, named SEUS-VCS, a novel framework that pioneers secure and efficient user selection in VCS. It adopts a key exchange protocol based on Shang Mi Two (SM2) digital signature to ensure the security of data transmission, including the correctness of signatures and session keys. To protect user privacy, pseudonyms are generated to achieve user anonymity while ensuring traceability. In addition, a prediction model based on principal component analysis-enhanced long short-term memory (PCA-Enhanced LSTM) model is constructed by combining the advantages of principal component analysis (PCA) and long short-term memory (LSTM) network. The model uses PCA for data dimensionality reduction to eliminate redundant information and then employs LSTM to process time series data, capture long-term dependencies for more accurate user credit prediction, screen high-quality users, and improve perceived data quality. Security analysis demonstrates that under the Canetti-Krawczyk (CK) model and the Decisional Diffie-Hellman (DDH) security assumption, the SEUS-VCS scheme satisfies the security of session keys. Performance evaluation indicates that compared to other key exchange schemes, the SEUS-VCS scheme shows a significant advantage in supporting national cryptographic algorithms and anonymity. Compared to the scheme with the lowest computational cost and the scheme with the lowest communication cost, the SEUS-VCS scheme reduces computational cost by 42% and decreases communication cost by 50%. The SEUS-VCS scheme has advantages in reducing loss function (Loss), Mean Square Error (MSE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and the predicted results match the true data very well. Performance evaluation indicates that compared to the LSTM baseline, which has the best MSE and MAE performance, the MSE and MAE of the SEUS-VCS scheme are reduced by 47% and 10%, respectively. This scheme is not only applicable to VCS, but can also provi","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"19111"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strong association between hypocalcemia and preeclampsia-eclampsia among pregnant women attending at a tertiary referral hospital in Northwestern Tanzania.","authors":"Godluck H Mlay, Prosper A Shayo, Richard F Kiritta, Dismas K Matovelo, Benson R Kidenya","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-03580-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-025-03580-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pre-eclampsia-Eclampsia (PE-E) is a multisystem disorder of uncertainty etiology. In Sub-Saharan Africa, it is still one of the leading causes of maternal death, morbidity, and long-term disability. The status of maternal hypocalcemia has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PE-E. However, there are controversial findings from previous studies done to assess the association between maternal hypocalcemia with PE-E. This contradiction causes inconsistency in checking up on maternal hypocalcemia in routine antenatal care. We conducted a 1:2 matched case control study to determine the association of total maternal hypocalcemia with PE-E among pregnant women attending at Bugando Medical Centre, a tertiary referral hospital in Mwanza, Northwestern Tanzania. This study involved 127 cases and 254 controls. The matching variables were gestational age (± 1 week) and maternal age (± 1 year). Cubital venous blood was collected for measuring total serum calcium levels among cases and controls. Data were collected using a standardized, pre-tested, and coded questionnaire, then entered into a computer using Microsoft Excel 2013, and analyzed using STATA version 15. Conditional logistic regression analysis adjusted for body mass index (BMI) and referral status was used to determine the association between total maternal hypocalcemia and PE-E. The p-value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. A total 381 pregnant women, 127 cases matched with 254 controls, were involved into this study Overall, the median age was 29 [IQR 26-33] years and 28.1% (107/381) were primigravidae. Total maternal hypocalcemia was significantly associated with PE-E (un-adjusted OR 8.6; 95% CI 4.7-15.7; p-value < 0.001 and adjusted OR 11.2; 95% CI 5.5-22.8; p-value  < 0.001). Our study found a strong association of total hypocalcemia with PE-E. We emphasize the need for routine screening for maternal hypocalcemia during antenatal clinic visits. We recommend routine calcium supplementation for pregnant women, especially those at risk for PE-E.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"19151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consistent, highly throughput and space scalable distributed architecture for layered NoSQL data store.","authors":"Adam Krechowicz, Stanisław Deniziak, Grzegorz Łukawski","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-03755-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-025-03755-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maintaining strong consistency and throughput in distributed NoSQL systems is very important these days, but often impossible to achieve at the same time. Consistency problems in distributed systems result in serious consequences, e.g. data loss, while throughput problems lead to poor system performance. This paper goes beyond solving consistency issues in distributed NoSQL systems and addresses the important problem of ensuring high throughput in such systems at the same time. To this end, we proposed a novel architecture of the layered NoSQL system that enables greater throughput by using replication of data items in a dynamic way while still preserving strong consistency. It is characterized by high availability, enhanced throughput, strong consistency, and space scalability. This system was built on top of a very efficient NoSQL system, called Scalable Distributed Two-Layer Data Store (SD2DS). To develop our system, we identified and analyzed the inconsistencies in the case of SD2DS architecture with increased throughput in the case of concurrent operations execution, as well as in the case of unfinished operations. The theoretical correctness of the proposed solution was proved. Its performance was experimentally evaluated in comparison with common NoSQL systems such as MemCached and MongoDB. The results confirmed its superiority in terms of performance, so it can successfully compete with publicly available solutions. It makes it possible to use the SD2DS system in practical IT systems that require high performance and consistency.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"19172"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting cyber attacks in vehicle networks using improved LSTM based optimization methodology.","authors":"C Jayasri, V Balaji, C M Nalayini, S Pradeep","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-04643-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-025-04643-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing adoption of intelligent transportation systems and connected vehicle networks has raised significant cybersecurity concerns due to their vulnerability to cyberattacks such as spoofing, message tampering, and denial-of-service. Traditional intrusion detection systems struggle to cope with the dynamic and high-volume nature of vehicular data, often leading to high false positives and limited adaptability. To address this problem, this study proposes an enhanced deep learning-based optimization framework for detecting cyberattacks in vehicle networks. The methodology employs the UNSW-NB15 dataset, with data preprocessed using Maximum-Minimum Normalization. Feature extraction is performed using the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), capturing frequency-domain patterns indicative of anomalies. Detection is executed through an Improved Long Short-Term Memory (ILSTM) model, whose parameters are optimized using the Crocodile Optimization Algorithm (COA), aiming to maximize classification accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed ILSTM-COA model significantly outperforms existing techniques, achieving 98.9% accuracy and showing notable improvements across sensitivity, specificity, and other performance metrics. This model offers a robust, scalable, and real-time solution for safeguarding vehicular networks against evolving cyber threats.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"19141"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}