Pediatric Obesity最新文献

{"title":"Higher consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with higher odds of overweight and obesity amongst under-five children: A national cross-sectional study in Lebanon","authors":"Fatima Al Zahraa Chokor,&nbsp;Krystel Ouaijan,&nbsp;Nahla Hwalla,&nbsp;Lamis Jomaa,&nbsp;Lara Nasreddine","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13177","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13177","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Limited evidence exists on the relationship between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and overweight/obesity amongst young children. This study aimed to assess UPF consumption, its socioeconomic correlates and its association with overweight/obesity amongst under-five children in Lebanon.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data pertinent to children aged 6 months to 4.9 years (<i>n</i> = 893) from a cross-sectional national survey were used. Anthropometric measurements were obtained, and multi-component questionnaires were administered to mothers. Dietary intake was assessed using the 24-h recall approach. NOVA classification was used to assign food items into four groups according to the extent of industrial processing. Contributions of each group to total energy intake (EI) and macronutrient and micronutrient intakes were estimated. Regression models were conducted to explore the correlates of UPF consumption as well as the association between UPF consumption and overweight/obesity status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>UPFs were found to contribute 47% of daily EI. Girls and children with higher household income had significantly higher UPF intakes. Children whose mothers had an intermediate, high school, or technical diploma and were employed and whose fathers had higher education levels consumed significantly less EI from UPFs. Children whose %EI fell within the second and third tertiles of UPF intake had significantly higher odds of overweight/obesity as compared to those in the first tertile (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09, 1.32 and AOR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.47, 1.76, respectively), after adjusting for confounders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The high intake of UPFs coupled with its association with overweight/obesity call for public health nutrition interventions aimed at improving feeding and dietary practices in this age group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142306807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delay discounting and nucleus accumbens functional connectivity are related to weight status in adolescents from the ABCD study","authors":"L. Nate Overholtzer,&nbsp;Hedyeh Ahmadi,&nbsp;Katherine Bottenhorn,&nbsp;Eustace Hsu,&nbsp;Megan M. Herting","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13173","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13173","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite the growing epidemic of paediatric obesity, questions remain regarding potential neural mechanisms for individual risk. Delay discounting is a cognitive process of comparison of valuation between immediate and delayed reward, which has been inconsistently linked to weight status. Moreover, central to the brain's reward system is the nucleus accumbens, a region structurally and functionally altered in obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives/Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to examine the relationships between two continuous metrics of weight status, performance on a monetary delay-discounting task and nucleus accumbens functional connectivity in 10–12-year-olds from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using multilevel longitudinal linear modelling, we found greater discounting was associated with higher BMI Z-scores (BMIz) and waist-to-height ratio Z-scores (WHtRz) (<i>N</i> = 3819). Moreover, we observed functional connectivity of the nucleus accumbens to the cingulo-opercular, dorsal attention, fronto-parietal, salience and ventral attention networks were predictive of BMIz (<i>N</i> = 1817). Nucleus accumbens functional connectivity was not found to mediate the association between delay-discounting behaviour and BMIz.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Delay discounting and nucleus accumbens functional connectivity are independently related to weight status in a large sample of early adolescents. A better understanding of the relationship between reward and overeating behaviours may better inform obesity interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considerations for the design and conduct of pediatric obesity pharmacotherapy clinical trials: Proceedings of expert roundtable meetings","authors":"Aaron S. Kelly,&nbsp;Melanie Bahlke,&nbsp;Jennifer L. Baker,&nbsp;Carine de Beaufort,&nbsp;Ruth M. Belin,&nbsp;Helena Fonseca,&nbsp;Paula M. Hale,&nbsp;Jens-Christian Holm,&nbsp;Daniel S. Hsia,&nbsp;Ania M. Jastreboff,&nbsp;Petur B. Juliusson,&nbsp;Madhumita Murphy,&nbsp;Jonathan Pak,&nbsp;Elizabeth Paul,&nbsp;Bryan Rudolph,&nbsp;Gitanjali Srivastava,&nbsp;Christoffer W. Tornøe,&nbsp;Daniel Weghuber,&nbsp;Claudia K. Fox","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13161","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13161","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anti-obesity medications (AOMs) have emerged as one element of comprehensive obesity clinical care intended to improve long-term health outcomes for children and adolescents. The number of pediatric AOM clinical trials has burgeoned in recent years as new pharmacotherapeutics have been developed. Factors related to growth and development in children and adolescents can present unique challenges in terms of designing and conducting clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of AOMs. These barriers can delay the AOM development and evaluation process, increase the cost of performing trials, create challenges in the interpretation of results, influence the generalizability of the findings and present ethical dilemmas. In an effort to address these issues and provide guidance to streamline the process of designing and conducting pediatric AOM clinical trials, relevant key stakeholders convened a series of roundtable meetings to discuss, debate and achieve harmonization on design features. Stakeholder participants included a multidisciplinary group of international pediatric obesity experts, patient (parent) representatives and representatives from academic medicine, key regulatory agencies and industry. Topics of discussion included primary efficacy end-points, secondary end-points, eligibility criteria, trial run-in and follow-up phases, use of active comparators and guidelines for down-titration and/or stopping rules for excessive weight reduction. Consensus recommendations were agreed upon. Regarding end-points, emphasis was placed on moving away from BMI <i>z</i>-score as a primary outcome, incorporating multiple alternative BMI-related outcomes and measuring adiposity/body fat as a prominent secondary end-point. Trial eligibility criteria were carefully considered to maximize generalizability while maintaining safety. The limited value of trial run-in phases was discussed. It was also underscored that designing trials with extended follow-up periods after AOM withdrawal should be avoided owing to ethical issues (including possible psychological harm) related to weight regain without providing the opportunity to access other treatments. The panel emphasized the value of the randomized, placebo-controlled trial but recommended the thoughtful consideration of the use of active comparators in addition to, or instead of, placebo to achieve clinical equipoise when appropriate. Finally, the panel recommended that clinical trial protocols should include clear guidance regarding AOM down-titration to avoid excessive weight reduction when applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijpo.13161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of pharmacological interventions for managing obesity in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis framed using minimal important difference estimates based on GRADE guidance to inform a clinical practice guideline","authors":"Gita Wahi,&nbsp;Julie St-Pierre,&nbsp;Bradley C. Johnston,&nbsp;Donna Fitzpatrick-Lewis,&nbsp;Ali Usman,&nbsp;Diana Sherifali,&nbsp;Roah Merdad,&nbsp;Zahra Esmaeilinezhad,&nbsp;Catherine S. Birken,&nbsp;Jill Hamilton,&nbsp;Mélanie Henderson,&nbsp;Sarah A. Moore,&nbsp;Geoff D. C. Ball,&nbsp;Katherine M. Morrison,&nbsp;the Steering Committee for Updating Canada's Clinical Practice Guideline for Managing Pediatric Obesity","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13169","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13169","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To summarize the literature on pharmacotherapy for managing paediatric obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with &lt;18-year-olds of pharmacotherapeutic agents published up to November 2022. Estimates of effect for outcomes were presented relative to minimal important differences and GRADE certainty of evidence. We examined data on patient/proxy-reported outcome measures (PROMs), cardiometabolic risk factors, anthropometry and adverse events (AEs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, 35 RCTs were included. Trials examined metformin (<i>n</i> = 26), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs) (<i>n</i> = 7) and a lipase inhibitor (orlistat; <i>n</i> = 2). Intervention duration varied (3−24 months). Metformin had little to no benefit on PROMs (e.g., health-related quality of life [HRQoL]; 6 RCTs), moderate reductions in triglycerides, a moderate decline in insulin resistance, a small to moderate decline in BMI z-score (BMIz) and a moderate increase in mild to moderate gastrointestinal AEs. Response to GLP1RAs was heterogeneous and results of subgroup analysis demonstrated variability of impact. Liraglutide (2 RCTs) resulted in a small reduction in HOMA-IR and BMIz, but little to no benefit on other outcomes. Exenatide (4 RCTs) had a moderate reduction on blood pressure and a small decrease in BMIz with little to no benefit on other outcomes. Semaglutide (1 RCT) had a small benefit on HRQoL, a small reduction on SBP, a moderate reduction on total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, a large reduction on triglyceride, and a very large decline in BMIz accompanied by a small increase in mild to moderate gastrointestinal AEs. Orlistat had a moderate reduction in DBP and little to no benefit in other outcomes measured, but had a very large increased risk of mild to moderate gastrointestinal AEs. Serious AEs were rare and for interventions with sufficent AE reporting, were considered not likely attributable to the interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Few studies examined the impact of pharmacotherapy on PROMs. There is evidence that metformin and GLP1RAs lead to important improvements in cardiometabolic and anthropometric outcomes while accompanied by mild to moderate AEs. Long-term effectiveness and safety of GLP1RAs remain to be evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijpo.13169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved food habits and anthropometry among primary school children following a novel healthy eating programme","authors":"Sumudu N. Seneviratne,&nbsp;Sanathanee Sachchithananthan,&nbsp;Pavithra S. Angulugaha Gamage,&nbsp;Renuka Peiris,&nbsp;Vithanage P. Wickramasinghe,&nbsp;Noel Somasundaram","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13171","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13171","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Assess longer-term changes in food habits and anthropometry among Grades 1–2 primary school students from four public schools in Colombo, Sri Lanka, following a 3-week programme including a classroom-based motivational storybook discussion and self-monitoring food diary (FD).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This follow-up study assessed changes from baseline (pre-intervention) BMI <i>z</i>-scores and food habits (increased healthy food-item consumption/decreased unhealthy food-item consumption reflected by an increase in FD score) and parental perceptions (anonymous questionnaires) among 863 students (aged 6–8 years), between 9 and 12 months after completing the programme (November 2019–February 2020).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Food habits showed sustained improvement from baseline mean FD score (baseline vs. follow-up: 51 ± 23% vs. 67 ± 22%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), with children from all BMI subgroups (underweight [UW], normal weight [NW], overweight [OW] and obesity [OB]) showing a significant increase in FD scores (ranging from 14.1% to 17.2%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). BMI <i>z</i>-scores increased in children living with UW (−2.85 to −2.21, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.00) and NW (−0.70 to −0.57, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), but did not change in children with OW (+1.5 to +1.49, <i>p</i> = 0.83) and OB (+2.85 to +2.21, <i>p</i> = 0.19). Most parents (<i>n</i> = 497, 97.8%) reported satisfaction with programme outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This programme led to sustained improvement in food habits among young primary school children from all BMI categories, increase in BMI towards the median among children living with UW and NW, and stabilization of BMI in children with OW and OB, suggesting it as a useful tool for improving nutritional status of young children in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) facing the double burden of under- and overnutrition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Indo-Mediterranean diet versus calorie-restricted diet in children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A pilot randomized control trial","authors":"Aniket Deshmukh,&nbsp;Vikrant Sood,&nbsp;Bikrant Bihari Lal,&nbsp;Rajeev Khanna,&nbsp;Seema Alam,&nbsp;Shiv Kumar Sarin","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13163","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13163","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dietary interventions and increased physical activity are the cornerstones for management of the paediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Though, no specific diet has been proven superior, Indo-Mediterranean diet (IMD) has shown promise in adult literature. Thus, we aimed to compare the effect of IMD and a standard calorie-restricted diet (CRD) in Indian overweight children and adolescents with biopsy-proven NAFLD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-nine consecutive biopsy-proven NAFLD children between the ages of 8 and 18 years were randomized into either IMD or CRD for 180 days, and various parameters were evaluated at baseline and then after 180 days (NCT05073588).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 34 subjects (18 in IMD and 16 in CRD group) completed the study. There was a significantly higher decrease in controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) values (as a marker of hepatic steatosis; on transient elastography) (95% CI: 4.2–73.4, <i>p</i> = 0.042), weight (95% CI: 0.75–5.5, <i>p</i> = 0.046) and body mass index (BMI) (95% CI: 0.21–2.05, <i>p</i> = 0.014) (but not in Pediatric NAFLD Fibrosis Index or PNFI; as a marker of hepatic fibrosis) in IMD group compared to the CRD group. Liver stiffness measurement, serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels and HOMA-IR decreased only in the IMD group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Our statistical model showed that delta-Weight was the only independent variable associated with delta-CAP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both IMD and CRD can improve the various anthropometric, clinical, imaging and biochemical parameters but IMD was superior to CRD in terms of reducing CAP values and weight/BMI over 180 days in overweight/obese NAFLD children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142118572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of duration of any breastfeeding on body mass index in Australian children: Exploration of health, economic and equity impacts","authors":"Joseph Carrello,&nbsp;Vicki Brown,&nbsp;Anagha Killedar,&nbsp;Alison Hayes","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13167","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13167","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Breastfeeding is a protective measure against childhood overweight and obesity. However, many children are not breastfed the recommended duration, with those from disadvantaged backgrounds more likely to cease breastfeeding early.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Investigate the association between duration of any breastfeeding and body mass index (BMI) and estimate the health, economic and equity impacts of increasing breastfeeding duration to at least 6 months.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We modelled the association between any breastfeeding duration and BMI at age 6/7 years, using a nationally representative cohort of 3935 Australian children (survey weighted to 221 103 children). We then used a simulation model to predict the impact of increasing breastfeeding duration to at least 6 months in all children on prevalence of overweight (including obesity) and associated healthcare costs to age 16/17 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Achieving breastfeeding duration of at least 6 months could prevent 2933 cases of overweight at age 16/17 years, translating to healthcare cost-savings of AUD $4.29 million. Although most cases (68%) would come from low socio-economic backgrounds this would make only a minor difference in reducing inequalities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Efforts to support increased breastfeeding duration could result in reduced prevalence of overweight and obesity and save healthcare costs, however, additional action would be required to improve equity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"20 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11710949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142102716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biopsychosocial predictors of rapid weight gain from birth to 6 months","authors":"Esther M. Leerkes,&nbsp;Cheryl Buehler,&nbsp;Laurie Wideman,&nbsp;Yu Chen,&nbsp;Lenka H. Shriver","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13170","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13170","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Childhood obesity remains a public health crisis and identification of unique prenatal and early infancy predictors of obesity risk are critically needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We test a comprehensive biopsychosocial model of the predictors of rapid weight gain (RWG) in the first 6 months of life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two hundred and ninety nine pregnant women and their infants participated. Maternal prenatal psychobiological risk (PPBR) was assessed during the third trimester via maternal anthropometrics, serum biomarkers (insulin, leptin, adiponectin), and maternal report of pregnancy complications, substance use, mental health and stress. Infant stress reactivity was measured at 2 months (cortisol output, resting RSA, observed irritability, negative emotionality). At 2 and 6 months, maternal self-report of obesogenic feeding practices and observed maternal sensitivity during three tasks were collected. RWG was classified based on change in weight-for-age z scores from birth to 6 months (&gt;0.67 SD).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obesogenic feeding practices predicted greater likelihood of RWG, <i>β</i> = 0.30, <i>p</i> = .0.01, independent of other predictors and covariates. Obesogenic feeding practices was the only proposed intervening mechanism that produced a significant indirect effect of PPBR on RWG, <i>b</i> = 0.05, S.E. = 0.04, 95% CI [0.002, 0.15], <i>β</i> = 0.06.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Identifying proclivity towards obesogenic feeding practices and providing support to reduce these behaviours may enhance childhood obesity prevention efforts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11560700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142102715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic associations with consumption of palatable foods in the absence of hunger in response to food cues in children","authors":"Dabin Yeum,&nbsp;Timothy J. Renier,&nbsp;Travis D. Masterson,&nbsp;Delaina D. Carlson,&nbsp;Grace A. Ballarino,&nbsp;Reina K. Lansigan,&nbsp;Ruth J. F. Loos,&nbsp;Jennifer A. Emond,&nbsp;Diane Gilbert-Diamond","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13168","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13168","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this study is to evaluate obesity-related genetic factors in relation to excess consumption and assess if food cues modify associations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children (9–12 years) completed a randomized crossover experiment. During two visits, children ate a preload and then snacks ad libitum while watching television, embedded with food or non-food advertisements to assess eating in the absence of hunger (EAH). Primary exposures were obesity-associated genotypes, <i>FTO</i> rs9939609 and <i>MC4R</i> rs571312, and a paediatric-specific polygenic risk score (PRS). Outcomes included consumption of all snacks (total EAH) and gummy candy only (gummy candy EAH). Linear mixed-effects models tested whether genetic exposures related to EAH outcomes. We tested for effect modification by food cues using multiplicative interaction terms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 177 children, each <i>FTO</i> risk allele was associated with a 30% increase in gummy candy EAH (<i>p</i> = 0.025) in adjusted models. Food cue exposure exacerbated associations between the <i>FTO</i> variant with gummy candy EAH (<i>p</i> = 0.046). No statistically significant associations were found between <i>MC4R</i> and EAH.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results suggest children with the <i>FTO</i> rs9939609 risk allele may be predisposed to excess consumption of candy and that this association may be exacerbated by food cues.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between bone age maturity and childhood adiposity","authors":"Ana Gabriela Chávez-Vázquez,&nbsp;Miguel Klünder-Klünder,&nbsp;Desiree Lopez-Gonzalez,&nbsp;Jenny Vilchis-Gil,&nbsp;América Liliana Miranda-Lora","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.13166","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.13166","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evidence shows that overweight and obesity are associated with advanced bone age (BA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To analyse the effect of adiposity on BA among Mexican children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study included 902 children (5–18 years old). Anthropometric measurements, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and automated hand X-ray-based BA measurements were obtained. BA curves of children stratified by sex and age were created based on nutritional status. We also calculated odds ratios for advanced BA associated with the body mass index (BMI), waist/height ratio and adiposity estimated using DXA (total and truncal fat mass).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants with overweight/obesity by BMI (SDS ≥1) advanced earlier in BA than did normal weight participants (6.0 vs. 12.0 years in boys and 6.0 vs. 10.3 in girls, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01); similarly, participants with a greater body fat percentage (SDS ≥1) exhibited earlier advanced BA (7.5 vs. 10.0 years in boys and 6.0 vs. 9.6 in girls, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Differences were also observed according to the waist/height ratio and truncal fat. Children with a BMI or DXA SDS ≥1 had greater odds of presenting an advanced BA of more than 1 year (OR 1.79–3.55, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Increased adiposity in children, mainly in boys, is associated with advanced BA at earlier ages.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"19 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142071614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}