The American psychologist最新文献_第2页

Beyond exposure: A healthy broadening of posttraumatic stress disorder treatment options: Commentary on Rubenstein et al. (2024). 超越暴露：创伤后应激障碍治疗方案的健康扩展：对 Rubenstein 等人（2024 年）的评论。

The American psychologist Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1037/amp0001233

L. Najavits

引用次数: 0

Refreshing, necessary exposure to the problem with exposure therapies for trauma: Commentary on Rubenstein et al. (2024). 让人耳目一新的、必要的创伤暴露疗法：评论 Rubenstein 等人（2024 年）。

The American psychologist Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1037/amp0001241

Laura S Brown

引用次数: 0

To expose or not to expose: A comprehensive perspective on treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. 暴露还是不暴露：创伤后应激障碍治疗的综合视角。

The American psychologist Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1037/amp0001121

Ariel Rubenstein, O. Duek, Jennifer Doran, I. Harpaz-Rotem

{"title":"To expose or not to expose: A comprehensive perspective on treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder.","authors":"Ariel Rubenstein, O. Duek, Jennifer Doran, I. Harpaz-Rotem","doi":"10.1037/amp0001121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001121","url":null,"abstract":"Trauma-focused psychotherapies, in particular prolonged exposure (PE) therapy, have been recognized as the \"gold standard\" for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). But effectiveness and implementation data show that a large proportion of patients who undergo exposure therapy retain their PTSD diagnosis, and implementation studies have shown low engagement and high dropout rates. Meanwhile, non-trauma-focused therapies have shown promise in treating PTSD. In this review, we aim to answer the question of whether exposure is necessary to treat PTSD by integrating clinical and research literature from multiple perspectives. We review the roots of exposure therapy in both psychodynamic and behavioral paradigms and their proposed mechanisms. We then review non-trauma-focused treatments and their proposed mechanisms. We conclude that the specific form of exposure required by PE is not necessary for symptom remission. Finally, common psychotherapy factors may facilitate patient self-directed exposure outside of the therapy context. These findings should alter the direction of clinical research to identify the therapy processes that most effectively promote the processing of trauma memories. With respect to clinical practice, shared decision-making should allow for increased patient autonomy in choosing either trauma-focused or non-trauma-focused treatments. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":217617,"journal":{"name":"The American psychologist","volume":"2 1","pages":"331-343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140785285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

To read or not to read? Motives for reading negative COVID-19 news. 读还是不读？阅读 COVID-19 负面新闻的动机。

The American psychologist Pub Date : 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/df6ye

Esther Niehoff, Maximilian Mittenbühler, Suzanne Oosterwijk

{"title":"To read or not to read? Motives for reading negative COVID-19 news.","authors":"Esther Niehoff, Maximilian Mittenbühler, Suzanne Oosterwijk","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/df6ye","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/df6ye","url":null,"abstract":"People were confronted with a barrage of negative news during the COVID-19 crisis. This study investigated how anticipated psychological impact predicted decisions to read personalized and factual COVID-19 news. First, participants chose, based on headlines, whether they wanted to read news articles (or not). Then, all headlines were rated on a set of motivational dimensions. In order to test confirmatory hypotheses, the data were divided into an exploration (n = 398) and validation data set (n = 399). Using multilevel modeling, we found robust support for four preregistered hypotheses: Choice for negative COVID-19 news was positively predicted by (a) personal versus factual news; (b) the anticipated amount of knowledge acquisition; (c) the anticipated relevance to one's own personal situation; and (d) participant's sense of moral duty. Moreover, exploratory findings suggested a positive relationship between headline choice and anticipated compassion, a negative relationship with anticipated inappropriateness and gratitude, and a quadratic relationship with anticipated strength of feelings. These results support the idea that negative content offers informational value, both in terms of understanding negative events and in terms of preparing for these events. Furthermore, engagement with negative content can be motivated by moral values. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":217617,"journal":{"name":"The American psychologist","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139269712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are changes in marital satisfaction sustained and steady, or sporadic and dramatic? 婚姻满意度的变化是持续稳定的，还是零星的，戏剧性的?

The American psychologist Pub Date : 2023-07-13 DOI: 10.1037/amp0001207.supp

Raquael J Joiner, T. Bradbury, Justin A. Lavner, Andrea L Meltzer, J. McNulty, Lisa A. Neff, B. Karney

{"title":"Are changes in marital satisfaction sustained and steady, or sporadic and dramatic?","authors":"Raquael J Joiner, T. Bradbury, Justin A. Lavner, Andrea L Meltzer, J. McNulty, Lisa A. Neff, B. Karney","doi":"10.1037/amp0001207.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001207.supp","url":null,"abstract":"Although prominent theories of intimate relationships, and couples themselves, often conceive of relationships as fluctuating widely in their degree of closeness, longitudinal studies generally describe partners' satisfaction as stable and continuous or as steadily declining over time. The increasing use of group-based trajectory models (GBTMs) to identify distinct classes of change has reinforced this characterization, but these models fail to account for individual differences within classes and within-person variability across classes and may thus misrepresent how couples' satisfaction changes. The goal of the current analyses was to determine whether accounting for these additional sources of variance through growth mixture models (GMMs) alters characterizations of satisfaction changes over time. Applied to longitudinal data from 12 independent studies of first-married couples (combined N = 1,249 couples), GMMs that allowed for class-specific individual differences and within-person variability fit the data better than the GBTMs that constrained these to be equal across classes. Most notably, considerable within-person variability was evident within each class, consistent with the idea that spouses do indeed fluctuate in their satisfaction. Spouses who dissolved their marriages were 3.8-5.7 times more likely to be in classes characterized by greater volatility in satisfaction. Because the early years of marriage appear to be characterized by within-person fluctuations in satisfaction, time-varying correlates of these fluctuations are likely to be at least as important as time-invariant correlates in explaining why some marriages thrive where others falter. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":217617,"journal":{"name":"The American psychologist","volume":"170 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114465192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resilience of racial and ethnic minority older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of a prior disability prevention intervention. 2019冠状病毒病大流行期间种族和少数民族老年人的复原力:先前残疾预防干预的作用

The American psychologist Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.1037/amp0001177.supp

Mayra L Sánchez González, Mario Cruz-Gonzalez, I. Falgas-Bague, S. Markle, M. Alegría

{"title":"Resilience of racial and ethnic minority older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of a prior disability prevention intervention.","authors":"Mayra L Sánchez González, Mario Cruz-Gonzalez, I. Falgas-Bague, S. Markle, M. Alegría","doi":"10.1037/amp0001177.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001177.supp","url":null,"abstract":"Older adults from racially and ethnically diverse backgrounds and with preexisting mental illness have been disproportionately vulnerable to severe illness, disability, and death due to the adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used a sample of older adults (60 +; N = 307) from a randomized clinical trial (Positive Minds-Strong Bodies [PMSB]) conducted between May 25, 2015, and March 5, 2019. Participants were recontacted to assess symptoms of anxiety, depression, general distress, and physical functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic between March 2, 2021, and July 18, 2022 (62.7% recontacting rate excluding ineligible participants; N = 165). We estimated an analysis of covariance model to evaluate whether or not prior differences between the PMSB intervention and enhanced usual care (EUC) groups continued to be observed at the COVID-19 follow-up. Results showed that, compared to EUC, participants who received the PMSB intervention reported fewer depression symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale-15 scores) and greater physical functioning (Late-Life Functioning and Disability Instrument scores) at the COVID-19 follow-up. No significant differences were observed between the PMSB intervention and EUC groups on anxiety symptoms (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scores) during the pandemic. Last, findings suggested that the lower depression symptoms and greater physical functioning observed after treatment completion were sustained, though not further improved, over time. These findings provide evidence that the PMSB intervention is a powerful intervention to promote resilience and prevent disability associated with major life stressors, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Future research is needed to examine the underlying mechanisms of psychosocial and exercise training interventions that lead to lasting resilience. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":217617,"journal":{"name":"The American psychologist","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122204752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender disparities in authorship of invited submissions in high-impact psychology journals. 高影响力心理学期刊受邀投稿作者的性别差异。

The American psychologist Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.1037/amp0001106.supp

J. Mackelprang, Eva E Johansen, Catherine Orr

{"title":"Gender disparities in authorship of invited submissions in high-impact psychology journals.","authors":"J. Mackelprang, Eva E Johansen, Catherine Orr","doi":"10.1037/amp0001106.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001106.supp","url":null,"abstract":"Women comprise the majority of graduates from psychology doctoral programs, but equity is yet to be achieved in the professoriate. Publication drives career advancement, underscoring the need to investigate publication-based metrics of eminence. To our knowledge, authorship of invited submissions-a proxy of research esteem-has not been the focus of any psychology studies. In this cross-sectional study, authorship of invited submission(s) in five elite psychology journals (2015-2019) was investigated: Psychological Science in the Public Interest, Annual Review of Psychology, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, and Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior. We hypothesized that women would be underrepresented. Author gender was classified using publicly available details (e.g., pronouns on professional websites). Primary outcomes were the proportion of women solo-, first-, or likely invited authors, relative to the proportion of women full and associate professors in psychology at R1 institutions (42.3%). Of 1,828 authorship positions (713 articles), 35.6% were occupied by women. Relative to the nominated base rate, women were disproportionately underrepresented. When the likely invited author on a multi-author publication was a woman, the first author was a woman on 51.0% of papers; when the likely invited author was a man, the first author was a woman on 34.1% of papers. These findings align with prior studies and extend the research by demonstrating that the gender publication gap in psychology is exacerbated in invited submissions and driven by particular subfields. Continued efforts are needed to redress gender disparities in authorship of invited submissions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":217617,"journal":{"name":"The American psychologist","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133021681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

John D. Robinson (1946-2021). 约翰·d·罗宾逊(1946-2021)。

The American psychologist Pub Date : 2022-05-26 DOI: 10.1037/amp0001017

N. G. Smith

引用次数: 0

Aaron T. Beck (1921-2021). 亚伦·贝克(1921-2021)。

The American psychologist Pub Date : 2022-05-05 DOI: 10.1037/amp0001007

R. Rosner

引用次数: 0

A model for the social neuroscience of music production begins on a dubious note: Commentary on Greenberg et al. (2021). 音乐制作的社会神经科学模型开始于一个可疑的笔记:评论格林伯格等人(2021)。

The American psychologist Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1037/amp0000973

A. Cohen, I. Neumann

{"title":"A model for the social neuroscience of music production begins on a dubious note: Commentary on Greenberg et al. (2021).","authors":"A. Cohen, I. Neumann","doi":"10.1037/amp0000973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000973","url":null,"abstract":"Group singing and music-making behaviors that were rapidly adapted to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic context suggest to Greenberg et al. (2021) not only a musical solution to pandemic-related social isolation but also the importance of the social neuroscientific side of music. They propose a model of the social neuroscience of music production premised on the view that group singing leads to increased levels of oxytocin (a neuropeptide associated with empathy and social bonding), citing data of Schladt et al. (2017) and Keeler et al. (2015) as support. The present commentary points out that Schladt et al. reported a decrease rather than an increase in oxytocin level following group singing. Further, reference to the work by Keeler et al. (2015) is only partially accurate, and evidence contrary to the oxytocin premise is ignored. Similar inaccuracy is associated with claims for cortisol, another primary component of their model. While the authors are applauded for directing attention to both the social neuroscience of music and the value of group singing, tempering the stated premises associated with the oxytocin and cortisol channels of the model is recommended. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":217617,"journal":{"name":"The American psychologist","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122824590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2