The American psychologist最新文献

{"title":"Construct validity and the validity of replication studies: A systematic review.","authors":"J. Flake, I. Davidson, O. Wong, J. Pek","doi":"10.1037/amp0001006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001006","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, there is little guidance for navigating measurement challenges that threaten construct validity in replication research. To identify common challenges and ultimately strengthen replication research, we conducted a systematic review of the measures used in the 100 original and replication studies from the Reproducibility Project: Psychology (Open Science Collaboration, 2015). Results indicate that it was common for scales used in the original studies to have little or no validity evidence. Our systematic review demonstrates and corroborates evidence that issues of construct validity are sorely neglected in original and replicated research. We identify four measurement challenges replicators are likely to face: a lack of essential measurement information, a lack of validity evidence, measurement differences, and translation. Next, we offer solutions for addressing these challenges that will improve measurement practices in original and replication research. Finally, we close with a discussion of the need to develop measurement methodologies for the next generation of replication research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":217617,"journal":{"name":"The American psychologist","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132778260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sharing is caring: Ethical implications of transparent research in psychology.","authors":"Colin M Bosma, Aeleah M. Granger","doi":"10.1037/amp0001002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001002","url":null,"abstract":"The call for greater openness in research data is quickly growing in many scientific fields. Psychology as a field, however, still falls short in this regard. Research is vulnerable to human error, inaccurate interpretation, and reporting of study results, and decisions during the research process being biased toward favorable results. Despite the obligation to share data for verification and the importance of this practice for protecting against human error, many psychologists do not fulfill their ethical responsibility of sharing their research data. This has implications for the accurate and ethical dissemination of specific research findings and the scientific development of the field more broadly. Open science practices provide promising approaches to address the ethical issues of inaccurate reporting and false-positive results in psychological research literature that hinder scientific growth and ultimately violate several relevant ethical principles and standards from the American Psychological Association's (APA's) Ethical Principles of Psychologists Code of Conduct (APA, 2017). Still, current incentive structures in the field for publishing and professional advancement appear to induce hesitancy in applying these practices. With each of these considerations in mind, recommendations on how psychologists can ethically proceed through open science practices and incentive restructuring-in particular, data management, data and code sharing, study preregistration, and registered reports-are provided. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":217617,"journal":{"name":"The American psychologist","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116542049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"How Personality and Policy Predict Pandemic Behavior: Understanding Sheltering-in-Place in 55 Countries at the Onset of COVID-19\": Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/amp0001009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001009","url":null,"abstract":"Reports an error in \"How personality and policy predict pandemic behavior: Understanding sheltering-in-place in 54 countries at the onset of COVID-19\" by Friedrich M. Götz, Andrés Gvirtz, Adam D. Galinsky and Jon M. Jachimowicz (American Psychologist, 2021[Jan], Vol 76[1], 39-49). In the article \"How Personality and Policy Predict Pandemic Behavior: Understanding Sheltering-in-Place in 55 Countries at the Onset of COVID-19,\" by Friedrich M. Götz, Andrés Gvirtz, Adam D. Galinsky, and Jon M. Jachimowicz (American Psychologist, 2021, Vol. 76, No. 1, pp. 39-49, https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000740), there were two errors. First, there were translation errors in the Japanese and Korean versions of the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI; Gosling et al., 2003). Second, there was an error in the termination logic that applied to 195 individuals: The skip logic that was meant to automatically move participants to terminate the survey if they selected \"no, I would not like to participate\" was not working for all participants, and 195 of these participants completed the survey even after selecting this option. To rectify these errors, we (a) recoded the data from the Korean version (in which two items had been accidentally swapped in their presentation order), (b) dropped all participants who completed the Japanese version of the data (which contained an inaccurate translation), and (c) dropped all participants for whom the termination logic did not work properly. Together these exclusions amounted to 0.81% of our sample. When we reran all analyses with the corrected sample of 100,196 participants from 54 countries (i.e., 99.19% of the original sample size), all interpretations, significance levels, and standard errors remained exactly the same. There were only minor changes in a few coefficients in our focal model, and these were rare and very small (Model 3, see Table 1). Among the focal predictors, these are \"stringency index\" (coefficient changes from .094 to .092) and \"extraversion\" (coefficient changes from -.025 to -.024). Among the control variables, these are \"female\" (coefficient changes from .036 to .034), \"health\" (coefficient changes from -.015 to -.016), \"logged confirmed cases (t - 1)\" (coefficient changes from -.115 to -.122), \"logged confirmed deaths (t - 1)\" (coefficient changes from .026 to .027) and \"estimated infections in one month\" (coefficient changes from .012 to .013). The full set of updated analyses is available in the online supplemental materials: https://doi.org/10.1037/ amp0000740.supp. The online version of this article has been corrected. (The abstract of the original article appeared in record 2020-76208-001.) (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":217617,"journal":{"name":"The American psychologist","volume":"571 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132835795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An intersectional perspective on relational-cultural theory: Commentary on Di Bianca and Mahalik (2022).","authors":"Christopher T. H. Liang","doi":"10.1037/amp0000971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000971","url":null,"abstract":"This brief commentary to \"A Relational-Cultural Framework for Promoting Health Masculinities\" by Michael Di Bianca and James R. Mahalik (2022) provides an intersectional lens by which to view and apply their proposed framework. This commentary is offered as a way to deepen thinking of the diversity of men's experiences and how emotions, relationships, and masculinities may operate within the context of racism and cultural values. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":217617,"journal":{"name":"The American psychologist","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126053630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision medicine requires precise definitions and theory: Commentary on Zilcha-Mano (2020).","authors":"J. Huppert","doi":"10.1037/amp0000833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000833","url":null,"abstract":"Zilcha-Mano (2020) suggests that making a distinction between trait-like and state-like (TLSL) processes is the key to developing personalized treatments. In the current commentary, I question the novelty of the TLSL concept and emphasize the importance of having clearly defined, psychometrically sound concepts applied to psychotherapy research for it to advance. I raise questions regarding application of TLSL to psychotherapy on conceptual and methodological grounds, with an emphasis that answers to these questions are needed to advance the TLSL distinction. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":217617,"journal":{"name":"The American psychologist","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122424651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"It matters not only where you come from but also where you are going, and the interplay between the two: Reply to Huppert (2022).","authors":"S. Zilcha-Mano","doi":"10.1037/amp0000996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000996","url":null,"abstract":"Two main sources of confusion dominate research on trait-like (between-patients) and state-like (within-patient) effects in psychotherapy. The first is that being higher than another person on a given construct (between-individuals differences) has the same statistical and clinical implications as showing increases from one time point to the next on that construct (within-individual changes). However, research shows that it is a mistake to mix together the two effects. The second is overlooking the interplay between trait-like (between-individuals) differences and state-like (within-individual) changes in the same construct, although such interactive effects between the two may reveal critical information for guiding clinical decision-making. Two types of such interplays are briefly discussed, as well as their distinct clinical implications. The first refers to a compensatory effect according to which those with the lowest trait-like levels on a mechanism of change are the ones benefiting most from state-like improvements in that mechanism, so that where you start from need not have a deterministic effect if you are going in a promising new direction; on the contrary, it may point to the most critical state-like change required to return to healthy homeostasis. The second refers to a complementary effect, according to which treatment should focus on identifying individuals' trait-like strengths and capitalizing on them in treatment planning to drive state-like improvement. Differentiating between the two types of interplay is critical for basing treatment planning (determining the required state-like changes) on the individual's case conceptualization (trait-like characteristics). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":217617,"journal":{"name":"The American psychologist","volume":"170 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134186633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A relational-cultural framework for promoting healthy masculinities.","authors":"Michael Di Bianca, J. Mahalik","doi":"10.1037/amp0000929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000929","url":null,"abstract":"We present a conceptual framework for relational interventions focused on helping boys and men navigate harmful socialization occurring in U.S. dominant culture, one which upholds a restrictive image of manhood that gives rise to health problems and social injustice. Drawing from relational-cultural theory, we frame the crises linked to hegemonic masculine socialization as shaped by interpersonal and sociocultural disconnections that keep boys and men in rigid confines of what is expected of \"real men,\" which are detrimental to their well-being and operate to maintain oppression and violence. To work against the relational and societal ways that hegemonic masculinity is taught and reinforced, we view boys' and men's experiences in connection with others and in community as the central context in which healthy masculinities develop. Experiences in growth-fostering relationships of empathy, mutuality, and empowerment can help boys and men reject hegemonic relational dynamics and promote human capacities for vulnerability, connection, and compassion into healthy and flexible ways of being men in the world. We view these relational experiences as critical to prevention, health promotion, and social change efforts at the social, community, and systems levels. To that end, we offer recommendations for interventions to engage boys and men in collectively dismantling hegemonic masculinity and developing healthy masculinities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":217617,"journal":{"name":"The American psychologist","volume":"79 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129802438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Duane F. Alexander (1940-2020).","authors":"S. Friedman, C. Bachrach, Peter Scheidt","doi":"10.1037/amp0000748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000748","url":null,"abstract":"This article is in memory of Duane F. Alexander, who directed the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) from 1986 to 2009. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":217617,"journal":{"name":"The American psychologist","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117116105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intersectionality is not a footnote: Commentary on Roberts and Rizzo (2021).","authors":"P. Grzanka, E. Cole","doi":"10.1037/amp0000911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000911","url":null,"abstract":"In this brief commentary on Roberts and Rizzo (2021), the authors contend that intersectionality is essential to understanding and combatting American racism. Epistemic exclusion of intersectionality, which is rampant in psychology, limits the discipline's capacity to scientifically capture the complexity of racism and to promote inclusive antiracist efforts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":217617,"journal":{"name":"The American psychologist","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132823118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From promoting healthy masculinities to nurturing healthy humans and societies: Commentary on Di Bianca and Mahalik (2022).","authors":"L. O. Rogers","doi":"10.1037/amp0000976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000976","url":null,"abstract":"To extend the insightful points articulated by Di Bianca and Mahalik (2022), I bring into focus the landmark contributions of Carol Gilligan whose large body of scholarship (1982, 1993, 1995, 2011; Gilligan et al., 1990) on human development in a patriarchal society is largely overlooked in the present article. Gilligan's critique of patriarchy, power, and inequality in science and society pushes us to center the cultural ideological context in this conversation, which extends beyond boys and men and masculinity. Our efforts to promote healthy masculinities must coincide with (re)structuring society to center the margins and dismantle the cultural ideologies that engineer inequality and undermine the core human needs, capacities, and desires of all humans. Cultivating a culture of authentic relationships is not only the key to promoting healthy masculinities but the pathway to nurturing healthy humans and societies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":217617,"journal":{"name":"The American psychologist","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130993354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}