{"title":"Viral miRNA regulation of host gene expression","authors":"Nicole L. Diggins, Meaghan H. Hancock","doi":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Viruses have evolved a multitude of mechanisms to combat barriers to productive infection in the host cell. Virally-encoded miRNAs are one such means to regulate host gene expression in ways that benefit the virus lifecycle. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate </span>protein expression<span> but do not trigger the adaptive immune response, making them powerful tools encoded by viruses to regulate cellular processes. Diverse viruses encode for miRNAs but little sequence homology exists between miRNAs of different viral species. Despite this, common cellular pathways are targeted for regulation, including apoptosis, immune evasion, cell growth and differentiation. Herein we will highlight the viruses that encode miRNAs and provide mechanistic insight into how viral miRNAs aid in lytic and latent infection by targeting common cellular processes. We also highlight how viral miRNAs can mimic host cell miRNAs as well as how viral miRNAs have evolved to regulate host miRNA expression. These studies dispel the myth that viral miRNAs are subtle regulators of gene expression, and highlight the critical importance of viral miRNAs to the virus lifecycle.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":21735,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology","volume":"146 ","pages":"Pages 2-19"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10101914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9319716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Control of coronary vascular cell fate in development and regeneration","authors":"Ian R. McCracken, Nicola Smart","doi":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The coronary vasculature consists of a complex hierarchal network of arteries, veins, and capillaries which collectively function to perfuse the myocardium. However, the pathways controlling the temporally and spatially restricted mechanisms underlying the formation of this vascular network remain poorly understood. In recent years, the increasing use and refinement of transgenic mouse models has played an instrumental role in offering new insights into the cellular origins of the coronary vasculature, as well as identifying a continuum of transitioning cell states preceding the full maturation of the coronary vasculature. Coupled with the emergence of single cell RNA sequencing platforms, these technologies have begun to uncover the key regulatory factors mediating the convergence of distinct cellular origins to ensure the formation of a collectively functional, yet phenotypically diverse, vascular network. Furthermore, improved understanding of the key regulatory factors governing coronary vessel formation in the embryo may provide crucial clues into future therapeutic strategies to reactivate these developmentally functional mechanisms to drive the revascularisation of the ischaemic adult heart.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21735,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology","volume":"155 ","pages":"Pages 50-61"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10265619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New insights into the role of thrombospondin-1 in glioblastoma development","authors":"Andreas Bikfalvi , Joris Guyon , Thomas Daubon","doi":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Glioblastoma (GB), the most malignant subtype of diffuse glioma, is highly aggressive, invasive and vascularized. Its median survival is still short even with maximum standard care. There is a need to identify potential new molecules and mechanisms, that are involved in the interactions of GB cells with the tumor microenvironment (TME), for therapeutic intervention<strong>.</strong> Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) is a multi-faceted matricellular protein which plays a significant role in development, physiology and pathology including cancer. Recent studies have pinpoint an important role of TSP1 in GB development which will be summarized and discussed herein. We will discuss studies, mainly from preclinical research, which should lead to a deeper understanding of TSP1’s role in GB development. We will also discuss some issues with regard to the use of this knowledge for the clinic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21735,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology","volume":"155 ","pages":"Pages 52-57"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10201720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shiqi Xu , Tyler J. Yang , Suhong Xu , Yi-Nan Gong
{"title":"Plasma membrane repair empowers the necrotic survivors as innate immune modulators","authors":"Shiqi Xu , Tyler J. Yang , Suhong Xu , Yi-Nan Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The plasma membrane is crucial to the survival of animal cells, and damage to it can be lethal, often resulting in necrosis. However, cells possess multiple mechanisms for repairing the membrane, which allows them to maintain their integrity to some extent, and sometimes even survive. Interestingly, cells that survive a near-necrosis experience can recognize sub-lethal membrane damage and use it as a signal to secrete chemokines and cytokines, which activate the immune response. This review will present evidence of necrotic cell survival in both in vitro and in vivo systems, including in </span><em>C. elegans</em>, mouse models, and humans. We will also summarize the various membrane repair mechanisms cells use to maintain membrane integrity. Finally, we will propose a mathematical model to illustrate how near-death experiences can transform dying cells into innate immune modulators for their microenvironment. By utilizing their membrane repair activity, the biological effects of cell death can extend beyond the mere elimination of the cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21735,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology","volume":"156 ","pages":"Pages 93-106"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10112537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Selective induction of programmed cell death using synthetic biology tools","authors":"Kateryna Shkarina , Petr Broz","doi":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Regulated cell death (RCD) controls the removal of dispensable, infected or malignant cells, and is thus essential for development, homeostasis and immunity of multicellular organisms. Over the last years different forms of RCD have been described (among them apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis), and the cellular signaling pathways that control their induction and execution have been characterized at the molecular level. It has also become apparent that different forms of RCD differ in their capacity to elicit inflammation or an immune response, and that RCD pathways show a remarkable plasticity. Biochemical and genetic studies revealed that inhibition of a given pathway often results in the activation of back-up cell death mechanisms, highlighting close interconnectivity based on shared signaling components and the assembly of multivalent signaling platforms that can initiate different forms of RCD. Due to this interconnectivity and the pleiotropic effects of ‘classical’ cell death inducers, it is challenging to study RCD pathways in isolation. This has led to the development of tools based on synthetic biology that allow the targeted induction of RCD using chemogenetic or optogenetic methods. Here we discuss recent advances in the development of such toolset, highlighting their advantages and limitations, and their application for the study of RCD in cells and animals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21735,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology","volume":"156 ","pages":"Pages 74-92"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084952123001507/pdfft?md5=e3301e41e4693bd0e37e41f30005f7df&pid=1-s2.0-S1084952123001507-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10025090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"C. elegans as a model for health and disease","authors":"Steven Zuryn","doi":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21735,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Pages 1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9970722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}