{"title":"Establishment & maintenance of collective cell migration in angiogenesis: Lessons from zebrafish","authors":"Brendan Capey, Shane P. Herbert","doi":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During tissue development, growth and regeneration, assembly of almost all new blood and lymphatic vessels arises via their branching from pre-existing vessels, processes termed angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, respectively. Furthermore, imbalances in these branching processes contribute to numerous disease states, including cancer, blindness, arthritis and ischemic disorders. At its core, new vessel branching is driven by the coordinated collective migration of specialized endothelial “tip” cells that lead sprouting vessels and “stalk” cells that trail the tip. Thus, studies defining the fundamental mechanisms directing angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis not only have key therapeutic implications but have also defined core conserved principles dictating collective cell migration. In this review we focus on recent insights into the roles of intracellular, intercellular and cell morphology-driven positive- and negative-feedback loops in the establishment and maintenance of tip versus stalk cell identities and behaviour. Moreover, we highlight recent insights into the role of asymmetric cell divisions in self-organisation of the tip-stalk cell hierarchy during vessel assembly. Considering that many of the principles underpinning collective movement are broadly conserved between tissue systems, concepts described here likely play key roles in the control of collective cell migration in diverse tissue contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21735,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 103627"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ovulation: A cellular symphony in three movements","authors":"Christopher Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ovulation is a complex and tightly regulated process essential for mammalian reproduction. It involves the coordinated, tissue-scale remodelling of the ovulatory follicle, culminating in the release of a fertilisation-competent egg. Ovulation is triggered by external hormonal cues: rising levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), followed by a surge in luteinising hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. These cues initiate a cascade of downstream events driven by follicle-derived signals, including epidermal growth factor (EGF) and progesterone, which propagate the ovulatory response. Recent advances using ex vivo follicle culture and live imaging in mouse follicles have revealed ovulation as a stepwise, self-contained programme characterised by dynamic spatial and temporal coordination. Notably, the oocyte remains largely stationary during most of ovulation, only moving toward the rupture site minutes before its release. This finding emphasises that ovulation is not defined by egg release alone, but by a prolonged and tightly regulated sequence of cellular and tissue-level events. This review presents ovulation through a temporal framework, metaphorically structured as a symphony performed by the four major follicular cell types. Beginning with an FSH-driven prelude, the symphony progresses through three movements: LH-induced initiation and meiotic resumption; progesterone-driven late events; and finally, follicle rupture and oocyte release. Together, this framework offers a new lens to understand ovulation as a developmental performance marking the transition from reproductive readiness to potential fertilisation and new life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21735,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 103634"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coping with uncertainty: Challenges for robust pattern formation in dynamical tissues","authors":"Tony Yu-Chen Tsai , Diana Pinheiro","doi":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An outstanding question in biology is how tissue patterning emerges during development. The concept of positional information, which posits that gradients of morphogens instruct cell fate in a concentration-dependent manner, has been an influential framework to understand pattern formation. Recent studies, however, highlight that developing tissues are highly dynamic, with cellular movements, arising from local mechanical fluctuations or global morphogenetic forces, that often coincide with morphogen signaling and cell fate specification. This calls for a more dynamic understanding of pattern formation by explicitly investigating the interplay between signaling, cell fate and morphogenesis. In this review, we first discuss emerging evidence on the role of cellular movements in modulating signaling dosage and cell fate acquisition. We then examine the biophysical strategies employed by developing tissues to achieve robust patterning despite ongoing cellular dynamics and large-scale morphogenesis. While cellular movements may intuitively be viewed as disruptive to patterning programs, recent evidence suggests that when coupled with cell fate, they can act as a critical mechanism for generating and stabilizing precise tissue patterns during development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21735,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 103629"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Collective cell migration across scales: A systems perspective","authors":"Zimeng Wu , Mie Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Collective cell migration is a key tissue shaping process fundamental to development, wound healing and cancer invasion. The sensing, integration, transduction and propagation of guidance signals and the resulting generation of collective cell responses during collective cell migration can occur at several different length scales from molecular to cellular to supracellular. Furthermore, we have become aware that the cell-environment relationship during migration is bi-directional, where cells not only receive guidance cues from the environment, but also dynamically remodel the environment via their migratory behaviours. Such complex interplay of internal (i.e. intracellular) and external (i.e. cell-cell and cell-environment) interactions makes predicting the emergent output behaviours of cell groups challenging. Here, we propose a framework that combines interdisciplinary experimental and theoretical approaches to bridge the gap between molecular-level mechanisms and tissue-level phenomena during collective cell migration in complex environments. We will review recent works on both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> migratory models that successfully employ some of these approaches to identify general principles explaining the input-output relationships of robustly tuneable migratory systems. By integrating <em>in vitro</em> with <em>in vivo</em> observations, we will develop more comprehensive models of how collective cell migration is orchestrated in living organisms, which will also pave the way for more effective applications in tissue engineering and disease therapeutics in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21735,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 103628"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Curvature feedback for repetitive tissue morphogenesis – Bridging algorithmic principles and self-regulatory systems","authors":"Emmanuel Vikran , Tsuyoshi Hirashima","doi":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tissue patterning during organ development consists of intricate morphogenetic processes, driven by the interplay of physical and genetic cues among constituent cells. Despite its complexity, these processes can be decomposed into fundamental morphogenetic motifs that appear repeatedly in a spatiotemporally organized manner, giving rise to diverse organ architectures. Recent studies have highlighted tissue-scale curvature as critical information for constitutive cells, which enables it to bridge mechanical and biochemical signals. In this review, we discuss the regulatory principles underlying the roles of tissue curvature in morphogenesis along with recent insights from earlier studies. Here, we focus on the dual role of tissue curvature as an instructive signal that directs collective cell behavior and as a dynamic property modulated by cellular activities. First, we introduce the concept of morphogenetic motifs and provide examples from developmental processes in various organ systems. Next, we discuss how cells collectively respond to two distinct curvature types, lateral and topographical, and examine the mechanisms by which cells sense these curvatures from a mechanobiological perspective. Finally, we highlight the repetitive terminal bifurcation in developing murine lung epithelium, illustrating how curvature-driven feedback loops, mediated through mechano-chemical multicellular couplings, ensure robust morphogenetic cycles. By integrating geometric, mechanical, and chemical cues, curvature feedback emerges as a framework for self-organized morphogenesis, providing fresh perspectives on the recurrent properties and robustness of development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21735,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 103633"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dorothee Bornhorst, Newsha Mortazavi, Felix Gunawan
{"title":"Force of change: How biomechanical cues drive endothelial plasticity and morphogenesis.","authors":"Dorothee Bornhorst, Newsha Mortazavi, Felix Gunawan","doi":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endothelial cells (ECs), which line the inner surface of blood vessels, continuously respond to biomechanical forces from blood flow, extracellular matrix, and intracellular tension. Recent advances have highlighted the pivotal role of these forces in regulating cellular plasticity during endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), two processes essential for embryogenesis, tissue repair, and disease progression. EHT contributes to hematopoietic stem cell formation, and EndMT to valve formation and vessel sprouting. When misregulated, both processes cause vascular pathologies such as fibrosis, cancer metastasis, and atherosclerosis. This review provides an overview of how biomechanical cues influence EC fate decisions and behavioral transitions. We explore how external biomechanical forces are sensed at the endothelial cell surface, transmitted through intracellular adaptors, and affect changes at the transcriptional level. Understanding these mechanotransduction pathways during cell fate transition not only deepens our knowledge of endothelial cell plasticity but also provides insight into potential root causes of and treatments for vascular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":21735,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology","volume":" ","pages":"103623"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144561060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A case study of agent-based modeling of cytoskeletal processes","authors":"Daniel B. Cortes","doi":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modern cell and developmental biologists have access to a wide range of tools in microscopy, genetics, and molecular biology that enable the design of experiments that test hypotheses previously thought untestable or inaccessible. Still, even with the most recent advancements in technique and technology, some hypotheses remain just out of reach by <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> experimentation alone. Mathematical modeling is a long-standing method for the exploration of the physical sciences, chemistry and physics, and has provided significant insights into biological processes across all scales of life, from the modeling of population dynamics to the modeling of protein folding and molecular interactions. In this review, I highlight a specific subset of mathematical models – agent-based models, which explicitly simulate individual proteins or protein complexes and their physical interactions with each other within a simulated cellular environment. This review provides two specific case studies, from my own research efforts, which provide direct examples of how a cell biologist can develop mathematical models that complement their research efforts and help drive the generation of new ideas, or test hypotheses that cannot easily be tested through biological methods alone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21735,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 103625"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Agent-based modeling of complex molecular mechanisms","authors":"Margot Riggi , Janet H. Iwasa","doi":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The diverse molecular mechanisms that orchestrate cellular processes typically involve a complex network of actors and span broad ranges of spatial and temporal scales that no single experimental or computational technique can cover. While several multiscale methods are increasingly capable of connecting across scales, bridging molecular and cellular levels remains a challenge. Agent-based modeling (ABM) is a computational paradigm that models a complex system and its emergent properties from the perspective of its individual components whose behaviors are governed by a set of predefined rules. As long as these rules are biophysically accurate, the flexibility of this framework makes it uniquely positioned to fill the gap between spatially detailed and computationally efficient approaches and emerge as an effective mesoscopic modeling method that could bring valuable mechanistic insight into how complex behaviors arise in cellular environments. In this review, we summarize ABM principles and current capabilities in the realm of molecular biology and discuss potential directions for the development of additional features that would further broaden the scope of the method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21735,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 103626"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The open and closed case for Class I HDACs in cardiac development","authors":"Drishti Rajesth, Veronica Uribe , Kelly A. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gene expression in cardiac development is regulated through complex epigenetic mechanisms. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are one of the many layers of epigenetic modulation, whereby they remove acetylation marks on histone tails, prompting chromatin tightening and therefore bring about gene repression. The most extensively characterised HDACs in cardiac development are HDACs 1–3, all belonging to the Class I HDAC family. Global as well as tissue-specific knockout models in mice have provided insight into the phenotypes generated by loss of these key molecular regulators. In some instances, molecular processes that individual HDACs regulate within cardiac development have also been revealed, although the epigenetic targets and binding partners of HDACs within cardiac development are still relatively understudied. Knowledge has also been contributed from <em>in vitro</em> studies using stem cell-derived models as well as burgeoning research using the zebrafish model. The aim of this review is to summarise the current knowledge of class I HDAC function during key stages of cardiac development, including cardiac specification and differentiation, looping morphogenesis, and second heart field development. The role of class I HDACs in non-cardiomyocyte populations, such as the endocardium, valves, and epicardium is also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21735,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 103621"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144239566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yen T.H. Tran , Diptarka Saha , Gonzalo del Monte-Nieto
{"title":"Cardiac trabeculation in vertebrates: Convergent evolution or evolutionary adaptations associated with heart complexity?","authors":"Yen T.H. Tran , Diptarka Saha , Gonzalo del Monte-Nieto","doi":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the most important processes during early heart development is the formation of trabecular myocardium. Cardiac trabeculation is the process by which the ventricular chambers develop a complex sponge-like myocardium essential for optimal cardiac function to provide efficient oxygenation and nourishment to the developing embryo. Indeed, its importance is highlighted by the fact that defects in trabecular formation lead to embryonic lethality and congenital heart disease. In the last decades, our understanding of cardiac trabeculation in different vertebrate models has advanced significantly. However, instead of reinforcing cardiac trabeculation as a highly evolutionarily conserved process across vertebrates, these studies have identified significant differences in the way the process occurs and how it is regulated in different vertebrate species. In this review, we assembled the current knowledge on cardiac trabeculation in different vertebrate species and examined if trabecular myocardium development can be achieved through different morphogenetic processes across vertebrates or if these differences are associated with evolutionary adaptations required to develop more complex vertebrate hearts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21735,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 103622"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}