{"title":"High strain lead-free piezo ceramics for sensor and actuator applications: A review","authors":"P.K. Panda , B. Sahoo , T.S. Thejas","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2022.100226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2022.100226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High strain piezoceramics are required for various sensor and actuator applications such as opening and closing of valves in fuel injector systems, for controlled flow of fuel in automobiles, applications for micro-propulsion in satellites, and other engineering applications. The precision control of fuel flow in automobiles is necessary for fuel efficiency and pollution control. In this article, lead free piezo systems having higher strain are reviewed with a focus on origin/mechanisms of high strain behavior with critical comments and future directions. Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) delivers linear but low strain of ∼0.15% of total length due to the piezoelectric effect. However, lead free piezoceramic material systems such as bismuth sodium titanate (BNT), potassium sodium niobate (KNN), barium zirconate titanate (BZT) etc. deliver high but non-linear strains, as high as 0.79% due to electrostriction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50172682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K.M. Mamatha , V. Srinivasa Murthy , B.M. Thammanna , T. Naveen Kumar , A.A. Jahagirdar , A. Naveen Kumar , Murthy Muniyappa , C.R. Ravikumar , H.C. Ananda Murthy
{"title":"Electrochemical sensor of carboxymethyl cellulose and photocatalytic degradation of Navy Blue dye by sonochemically synthesized Titanium oxide nanoparticles","authors":"K.M. Mamatha , V. Srinivasa Murthy , B.M. Thammanna , T. Naveen Kumar , A.A. Jahagirdar , A. Naveen Kumar , Murthy Muniyappa , C.R. Ravikumar , H.C. Ananda Murthy","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nanocrystalline titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs) were synthesized by using a low-cost sonochemical method. TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs exhibited anatase phase and an average crystallite size of 40.64 nm, according to a powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) investigation. SEM and TEM images revealed spherical shape, with asymmetric geometries for TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs. The micrographs thoroughly corroborated the plate-like structure for the NPs. In order to confirm the average energy gap of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) via Kubelka-Monk function was applied (3.66 eV). Navy blue dye was used to study the photocatalytic properties of NPs and discovered to be triggered at 590.9 nm. The photodegradation rate of NB dye decolorized up to 74.04% after 120 min of UV light exposure. The first order kinetics was indicated by a linear relationship between log C/Co and k. The demonstrated rates of photodecoloration for NB under UV light in the presence of scavengers AgNO<sub>3</sub>, ethanol, and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), were found to be 65.50%, 61.46%, and 57.33%, respectively. Using the carbon paste electrodes and cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 0.1 N HCl solution, the electrochemical characteristics of the obtained sample were studied. The carboxymethyl cellulose sensor made from TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs demonstrated a remarkable sensitivity of 0.08 A. The results showed a high recovery for lead with low% of RSD values. The TiO<sub>2</sub> electrode is a promising electrode material for sensing applications due to its outstanding electrochemical performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50172690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optoplasmonic biosensor for lung cancer telediagnosis: Design and simulation analysis","authors":"Alemayehu Getahun Kumela, Abebe Belay Gemta, Alemu Kebede Hordofa, Tamirat Abebe Desta, Mulubirhan Dangish, Habtamu Dagnew Mekonnen","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Applying quantum technology to dispatch face-to-face medical activities has generated significant interest. Unfortunately, the work on remote medical treatment soliciting quantum medication and information processing techniques is hard to observe. In this research, we proposed the Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based optoplasmonic biosensors (OPBs) with two homodyne detectors for remote-based lung cancer detection using classical and quantum mechanical principles. From the classical basis (Drude-Lorentz model and Kretschmann configuration), the influence of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) layers and biomolecule concentration on the performance of biosensors has been investigated. The different types of cancer cells for CL1-5, A549, and HT-29 have been used to analyze the sensitivity, and 319, 332, and 365 (deg/RIU) have been achieved, respectively. In addition, from quantum mechanical principles, the biosignals were conveyed through quantum teleportation in the form of the quantum state of light via fiber optics cable to enable precise remote detection of lung cancer. The obtained sensitivity and teleportation fidelity clearly reveal, the best candidacy of the proposed optoplasmonic biosensor for lung cancer telediagnosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50172713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Yang , Chang Pei , Chao-ying Gao , Jinting Ye , Jinglin Liu
{"title":"Aminobenzopyranoxanthene based salicylhydrazone probe for colorimetric detection of Cu2+","authors":"Yang Yang , Chang Pei , Chao-ying Gao , Jinting Ye , Jinglin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2022.100214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2022.100214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A new colorimetric probe aminobenzopyranoxanthene salicylhydrazone (ABPX-Sal) has been synthesized by condensation of salicylaldehyde with aminobenzopyranoxanthene hydrazide (ABPX-hy). Owing to its spirohydrazone structure, this probe showed a significant absorption enhancement at 419 nm in the presence of Cu<sup>2+</sup>, and the color changed from colorless to yellow. There was a good linear relationship between the absorption intensity of ABPX-Sal and the amount of Cu<sup>2+</sup> (<u>R</u><sup>2</sup> <u>= 0.9928</u>), and the detection limit was calculated to be 0.912 μM. The binding mode between ABPX-Sal and Cu<sup>2+</sup> was 1:2, which was proved by ESI-MS. The sensing mechanism was revealed to be a spiro-ring enacted coordination process by DFT calculation. The desired level of selectivity, sensitivity (within 30 s), and reusability made this probe very practical in acidic samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50172720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An electrochemical biosensor for the determination of folic acid in pregnant women based on DHFR/c-MWCNTs/TiO2NPs modified gold electrode","authors":"Bhawna Batra , Sarita Yadav , Vijay Kalra , Minakshi Sharma , J.S. Rana","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present research article describes a newly designed sensing method for determining folic acid levels. Folic acid is a B vitamin that helps the body makes healthy new cells. It is also known as vitamin B9 or folic acid. A new folic acid biosensor was constructed based on dihydrofolic acid reductase (DHFR) immobilized on c-MWCNT/TiO<sub>2</sub>NPs modified gold electrode. Prepared titanium dioxide nanoparticles have been characterized by Transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Fabricated working gold electrode (i.e. DHFR/c-MWCNTs/TiO<sub>2</sub>NPs/AuE) was characterized at various stages of its construction by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), FTIR, and cyclic voltammetry to confirm its fabrication. The biosensor showed an optimum response at pH 7.5 and 35 °C temperature. The maximum current of the constructed folic acid biosensor was due to electrons generated at 0.125 V against Ag/AgCl electrode. The proposed biosensor showed a low detection limit (11.48 nM), a wide linear range (5 nM–50 nM), a sensitivity of 0.42 μA/nM/cm<sup>2</sup>, and good storage stability. Folic acid biosensor was evaluated and utilized for folic acid level quantification in serum samples of pregnant women.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50172728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biosensors for phytohormone Abscisic acid and its role in humans: A review","authors":"Subodh , Ravina , Priyanka , Jagriti Narang , Hari Mohan","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>ABA (abscisic acid) is a phytohormone that is important in regulating stress and various pathological conditions in humans. ABA can be ingested exogenously or endogenously, and is naturally produced by stem cells, macrophages, and keratinocytes. ABA mediates immunological reactions such as phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In humans, LANCL2 serves as an ABA receptor. Depending on the signaling pathway involved, ABA can act as an inflammatory or anti-inflammatory agent. ABA plays a vital role in glucose tolerance, atherosclerosis treatment, prostate cancer dormancy, malaria, type 2 diabetes, and dementia. Various detection methods have been developed to detect ABA, including chromatographic, spectroscopic, and colorimetric assays, as well as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry. Biosensors are commonly used to detect analytes in low concentrations. LSPR and FRET sensors are two types of biosensors that have been developed for the detection of ABA. LSPR sensors rely on light interacting with metal nanoparticles to detect analytes, while FRET sensors rely on energy transfer between a donor and acceptor molecule. LSPR sensors offer high sensitivity, label-free detection, and the ability to detect multiple targets simultaneously, while FRET sensors offer high specificity and customizability. Aptamers have recently been used as a substitute for antibodies in biosensors to provide higher sensitivity and lower cost. This review focuses on the role of ABA and the various biosensors used to detect it in the treatment of various diseases in mammals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50172729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A hybrid CNN–KNN approach for identification of COVID-19 with 5-fold cross validation","authors":"Zarin Anjuman Sejuti, Md Saiful Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The novel coronavirus is the new member of the SARS family, which can cause mild to severe infection in the lungs and other vital organs like the heart, kidney and liver. For detecting COVID-19 from images, traditional ANN can be employed. This method begins by extracting the features and then feeding the features into a suitable classifier. The classification rate is not so high as feature extraction is dependent on the experimenters' expertise. To solve this drawback, a hybrid CNN–KNN-based model with 5-fold cross-validation is proposed to classify covid-19 or non-covid19 from CT scans of patients. At first, some pre-processing steps like contrast enhancement, median filtering, data augmentation, and image resizing are performed. Secondly, the entire dataset is divided into five equal sections or folds for training and testing. By doing 5-fold cross-validation, the generalization of the dataset is ensured and the overfitting of the network is prevented. The proposed CNN model consists of four convolutional layers, four max-pooling layers, and two fully connected layers combined with 23 layers. The CNN architecture is used as a feature extractor in this case. The features are taken from the CNN model's fourth convolutional layer and finally, the features are classified using K Nearest Neighbor rather than softmax for better accuracy. The proposed method is conducted over an augmented dataset of 4085 CT scan images. The average accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score of the proposed method after performing a 5-fold cross-validation is 98.26%, 99.42%,97.2% and 98.19%, respectively. The proposed method's accuracy is comparable with the existing works described further, where the state of the art and the custom CNN models were used. Hence, this proposed method can diagnose the COVID-19 patients with higher efficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9886434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10760043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Highly sensitive ammonia sensor using newly synthesized carbazole based hypercrosslinked polymer and tin dioxide","authors":"Hamid Ramezanipour Penchah , Ahad Ghaemi , Peiman Valipour , Mohamadmahdi Shahbazi","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tin Dioxide (SnO<sub>2</sub>), carbazole based hypercrosslinked polymer (C-HCP), and C-HCP/SnO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites by different C-HCP weight percent concentration (0.05–0.15 %wt.) were synthesized by precipitation method and used as sensing materials for ammonia sensor. These materials were applied for ammonia detection in various temperature (100–350 °C) and ammonia concentration (100, 200, and 300 ppm). The electrical conductivity of materials was measured at different temperature and decreasing of electrical conductivity observed by temperature increasing. The resistance of sensor in air to that in presence of ammonia was considered as sensor response. According to the results, SnO<sub>2</sub> had much greater conductivity than different concentration of C-HCP/SnO<sub>2</sub> composite under same conditions. The results showed that in maximum sensor response with adding the C-HCP in SnO<sub>2</sub>, the optimum temperature decrease. The optimum temperature for SnO<sub>2</sub> and 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 %wt. of C-HCP in SnO<sub>2</sub> composites was obtained 300 °C, 250 °C, 200 °C, and 150 °C, respectively. According to the results, the maximum sensor response observed 0.10 %wt. for ammonia detection at 200 °C. The 0.10 %wt. C-HCP in SnO<sub>2</sub> based sensor showed a response three times higher than that by pure SnO<sub>2</sub> in ammonia detection. Finally, the repeatability of sensors to the ammonia was obtained suitable in 3 continuous cycle and the response and reduction times of sensors was measured.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50172683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Carbon nanoparticle-based COVID-19 biosensors","authors":"Farzaneh Mirzadeh-rafie , Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh , Nahid Shoaei , Fatemeh Nasiri , Majid Reza Akbarizadeh , Mehrdad Khatami","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a new emerged contagious human-to-human infection that broke out in early December 2019, threatens global public health and causing widespread concern. The high lethality and transmission power of this virus introduce it as a dangerous factor and multiplies the importance of its rapid diagnosis. Tests like computerized tomography (CT) scan, and poly-chain reaction (PCR), were very popular at the beginning of the pandemic, But over time, taking into account the high rate of transmission of the disease, the need for fast and cost-effective diagnostic tests with significant sensitivity and specificity such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), lateral flow assay (LFA), and biosensor was felt more. In this context, there is a global interest in the feasibility of employing nano-biosensors, especially those using carbon and its derivatives as a key material, for the real-time virus detection. The exceptional properties of carbon and the outstanding performance of nano-biosensors in identifying various viruses prompted a feasibility check on this technology. In this article, we have tried to introduce several carbon-based nano biosensors with various limits of detection (LOD) and different characteristics that have been used in identifying and limiting the spread of Covid-19.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50172685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"HER2 targeted noninvasive immunosensor based on pencil graphite electrode for detection of breast cancer","authors":"Reeti Chaudhary , Bhawna Nohwal , Hitesh Bhardwaj , Deepa , C.S. Pundir","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the current research, we have fabricated an amperometric immunosensor for the detection of breast cancer using HER2 antibody. The sensor was fabricated by immobilization of anti-HER2 antibody on the surface of pencil graphite electrode (PGE). The techniques used for the characterization of the PGE/anti-HER2 were cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The sensor was optimized in terms of pH, temperature, antigen concentration, response time and antibody concentration. A linear range amidst 1 fgml<sup>−1</sup> and 20 ngml<sup>−1</sup> was observed. The limit of detection was 1 fg/ml. HER2 levels were also determined in sera samples of apparently healthy persons and breast cancer patients. The authentication of the fabricated immunosensor was noticeable due to its good regeneration ability and storage stability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50172700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}