Sensors InternationalPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100326
M.A. Butt, B. Janaszek, R. Piramidowicz
{"title":"Lighting the way forward: The bright future of photonic integrated circuits","authors":"M.A. Butt, B. Janaszek, R. Piramidowicz","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrated optics, a key photonics technology, has major implications for telecommunications, sensing, and computing. By integrating optical elements like lasers, modulators, and detectors onto a single chip, it enhances performance while reducing the size, weight, and power of optical systems. With potential applications in 5G, data centres, quantum communication, and AI, integrated optics is crucial for future communication technologies. Its synergy with quantum information and machine learning opens innovation pathways. This review explores recent advancements in optical platforms, highlighting ongoing research and developments that are driving technological progress in this field. The analysis provides an in-depth scrutiny of recent developments, shedding light on the dynamic terrain of optical innovations and highlighting the strides made in pushing the boundaries of technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A method to detect enzymatic reactions with field effect transistor","authors":"Alexander Kuznetsov , Mariia Andrianova , Dmitriy Ryazantsev , Andrey Sheshil , Vitaliy Grudtsov , Valerii Vechorko , Natalia Komarova","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2024.100302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sintl.2024.100302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Study of enzyme-substrate interactions is a task of great practical and scientific importance. This paper describes the application of ion-sensitive field effect transistors in quasi-equilibrium state for examination of enzymatic reactions. A reaction occurring in the liquid gate affects the chemical potential of electrons in this gate, and this phenomenon may be used to explore biochemical interactions. This strategy can be applied to detect interactions of enzymes with substrates, inhibitors and activators regardless of their optical and electrochemical properties. Using the developed method, the reactions catalyzed by the enzymes belonging to six different EC classes were analyzed, and Michaelis constants for their substrates were determibed. <em>K</em><sub><em>m</em></sub> values obtained using the proposed method were in good agreement with those obtained with standard colorimetric and fluorimentric assays. Practical potential of the described method was demonstrated by studying the interactions of a diagnostically significant enzyme α-D-galactosidase with its natural and artificial substrates and its inhibitor. <em>K</em><sub><em>m</em></sub> values for α-D-galactosidase using melibiose and raffinose as substrates and IC50 value for the enzyme inhibitor 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin were determined. The described method allows rapid and label-free investigation of enzyme interactions with substrates, inhibitors and activators for a wide range of biocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266635112400024X/pdfft?md5=4d52ee86a1d882d955efddee7d99e5d4&pid=1-s2.0-S266635112400024X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensors InternationalPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100335
Adilla Chairunisa , Wulan Tri Wahyuni , Irmanida BatuBara , Budi Riza Putra
{"title":"A composite of platinum nanoparticles and multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified electrode for sensitive and simultaneous detection of hydroquinone and methylparaben in cosmetic products","authors":"Adilla Chairunisa , Wulan Tri Wahyuni , Irmanida BatuBara , Budi Riza Putra","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with a composite of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to serve as a sensing platform for the simultaneous detection of hydroquinone (HQ) and methylparaben (MP). The GCE surface was modified using a simple drop-casting technique with a PtNPs/MWCNT composite, and the composite was subsequently characterized by UV–Vis and FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, FESEM-EDS, and TEM techniques. The highest sensitivity of the developed sensor was achieved when the optimum composition of PtNPs and MWCNT was 4:6 on the surface of the GCE. This phenomenon may be attributed to the synergistic interaction between PtNPs and MWCNTs, which enhances the conductivity of the modified electrodes. The synergistic effect in relation to the catalytic activity of PtNPs and the large electroactive surface area of MWCNT results in an enhanced electrocatalytic signal for sensing purposes. Concurrently, the analytical performance of PtNPs/MWCNT/GCE was investigated using the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique, which showed a linear response for HQ and MP in the ranges of 5–200 μM and 50–500 μM, respectively. Moreover, this proposed sensor demonstrated a low limit of detection and good sensitivity for the simultaneous detection of HQ (0.4 μM and 1.8136 μA μM<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup>) and MP (0.8 μM and 0.7076 μA μM<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup>). Furthermore, the proposed sensor exhibited excellent stability, reproducibility, and good selectivity, with recovery values ranging from 97.9 % to 101.6 % for HQ and from 98.8 % to 103.3 % for MP. Thus, this proposed sensor has been applied for the simultaneous detection of HQ and MP in cosmetic products, showing good recovery values that emphasize its potential as a promising sensing platform for detecting contaminant compounds in cosmetic products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensors InternationalPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/S2666-3511(25)00040-3
{"title":"Thank you Note for Reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2666-3511(25)00040-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2666-3511(25)00040-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dual-channel infrared OPO lidar optical system for remote sensing of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere: Design and characteristics","authors":"S.A. Sadovnikov, S.V. Yakovlev, N.S. Kravtsova, O.A. Romanovskii, D.A. Tuzhilkin","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2024.100307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sintl.2024.100307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current global warming and climate change under the greenhouse effect call for a thorough understanding of the spatial distribution of greenhouse gases in different atmospheric layers. Lidar systems are the most effective for remote greenhouse gas monitoring. We design a two-channel infrared OPO lidar optical system for remote DIAL/DOAS sensing of carbon dioxide and water vapor in the atmosphere. In this work, optimal geometric parameters of the transceiving channel of the lidar optical system are chosen, a need to focus laser radiation at a distance of 1 km from an observation point is demonstrated, and numerical simulations confirm the possibility of detecting lidar signals ranging from 10<sup>−7</sup> to 10<sup>−10</sup> W in the informative spectral range 4800–5100 cm<sup>−1</sup> (1960–2083 nm). Laboratory experiments with the main components of the lidar system with experimentally confirmed parameters, which simulate atmospheric measurements of CO<sub>2</sub> absorption at a calibrated sensing wavelength of 2005 nm (4987 cm<sup>−1</sup>) (pressure of 1 atm; CO<sub>2</sub> concentration corresponding to the midlatitude summer background atmosphere) in the informative spectral range of the lidar system, enable selecting a pair of wavelengths with resonant absorption of the target gas near 2005 nm to study the background state of the atmosphere in the surface layer. Efficiency of the lidar optical system is confirmed by in situ test experiments, where backscattering signals from a topographic target with an albedo of ∼0.15 spaced 168 m apart from an observer are recorded at 60 mV when operating along a horizontal atmospheric path. The lidar system we design can be used in measuring complexes at carbon test sites. It can also be used for atmospheric monitoring in industrial centers, at background measuring stations, and in swamp areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensors InternationalPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-06-07DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100341
Yang Tian , Lisa Kelso , Yiting Xiao , Chaitanya Pallerla , Ramesh Bist , Siavash Mahmoudi , Ziyu Liu , Haizheng Xiong , Jeyam Subbiah , Terry Howell , Dongyi Wang
{"title":"Palm-size wireless piezoelectric immune-biosensing system for rapid E. coli O157:H7 detection","authors":"Yang Tian , Lisa Kelso , Yiting Xiao , Chaitanya Pallerla , Ramesh Bist , Siavash Mahmoudi , Ziyu Liu , Haizheng Xiong , Jeyam Subbiah , Terry Howell , Dongyi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid and accurate detection of <em>Escherichia coli O157:H7</em> is essential for ensuring public health, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Traditional detection methods are often time-consuming and require specialized laboratory infrastructure, limiting their practicality for on-site applications. In this study, we present a palm-sized, wireless piezoelectric immunosensor system designed for the swift and sensitive detection of <em>E. coli O157:H7</em>. The system integrates a gold-coated quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor functionalized with protein A-immobilized antibodies, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channel for efficient sample handling, and a flexible loop antenna for wireless signal transmission. Real-time data is transmitted via Bluetooth to a smartphone application, enhancing user interaction and portability. Sensitivity tests demonstrated a proportional increase in frequency shift corresponding to <em>E. coli O157:H7</em> concentrations, achieving a detection limit as low as 10<sup>2</sup> CFU ml<sup>−1</sup> in field samples. Selectivity tests confirmed minimal cross-reactivity with other bacteria, highlighting the sensor's specificity. The incorporation of immuno-nanobeads amplified the signal, enhancing the system's ability to detect low bacterial concentrations. The portable, self-powered system offers a practical solution for rapid, on-site pathogen detection, addressing critical needs in food safety and environmental monitoring. By enabling timely and accurate detection of contaminants, this technology has the potential to significantly impact public health by reducing the incidence of foodborne illnesses, safeguarding environmental resources, and enhancing overall safety and health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensors InternationalPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-04-18DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100337
Artem Eliseev , Vladimir Korolev , Evgeny Anokhin , Andrei Chumakov , Alexander Vasiliev , Lev Trusov , Pavel Kazin , Andrei Eliseev
{"title":"Fast micrometer resolution magneto-optical viscosity measurements with hard magnetic nanoplatelets","authors":"Artem Eliseev , Vladimir Korolev , Evgeny Anokhin , Andrei Chumakov , Alexander Vasiliev , Lev Trusov , Pavel Kazin , Andrei Eliseev","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper reports on the application of hard magnetic nanoplatelets for direct local dynamic viscosity evaluation in liquids through their drag-hindered rotation after a magnetic field. Strontium hexaferrite, SrFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub> nanoplatelets with a diameter of 50 nm and a thickness of 5 nm were employed as nanoscale probes. The dynamics of nanoplatelets is investigated with AC magnetometry, small-angle X-ray scattering, and optical absorption/reflectance spectroscopy. Those reveal well-defined relation of drag force and phase lag tangent for platelets rotation under AC magnetization with the viscosity of the medium. The analytical quantitative description for magneto-optical response is provided and utilized successfully for independent viscosity evaluation of various liquids within the viscosity range of 0.5–1000 mPa∙s. The nanoscale size of the probes also enabled viscosity visualization with micrometer resolution in microchannels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensors InternationalPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100332
Fatma Ozturk Kirbay , İdris Yazgan , Dilek Odaci
{"title":"Development of a sugar-derived silver nanoparticle-based electrochemical immunosensor for sensitive D-dimer detection","authors":"Fatma Ozturk Kirbay , İdris Yazgan , Dilek Odaci","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>D-dimer (DD) is a key marker of coagulation and fibrinolysis activation. Clinicians can make important decisions with the aid of quick analysis and quantification, ideally at the patient's bedside. Electrochemical immunosensors are effective point-of-care technologies to address these issues. Here, we describe the development of a simple electrochemical immunosensor to detect DD. The immunosensor is constructed by electrodeposition of lactose methoxide aniline silver nanoparticles (LMA-AgNPs) on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). The LMA-AgNP and SPCE/LMA-AgNP were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical behavior of the SPCE/LMA-AgNP was examined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Then, Anti-D-Dimer antibody (Anti-DD) was immobilized on SPCE/LMA-AgNP. Along with the analytical characterization of the SPCE/LMA-AgNP/Anti-DD immunosensor, the linear range for DD, limit of detection (LOD), potential chemical interferences, and real sample applications were also evaluated. The antigen/antibody interaction at various DD concentrations was monitored using DPV. The SPCE/LMA-AgNP/Anti-DD shows a linear response in the DD concentration range of 0.01–1 pg/mL and a LOD of 0.2 fg/mL. In addition, the SPCE/LMA-AgNP/Anti-DD showed excellent specificity and no response to potential interfering substances, for instance urea, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and serum amyloid A (SAA). Eventually, the SPCE/LMA-AgNP/Anti-DD is applied in human serum, which shows good recovery values (97.2 %). The SPCE/LMA-AgNP/Anti-DD can be fabricated cheaply and easily for bedside clinical evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensors InternationalPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-03-13DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100331
Neng Astri Lidiawati , Muhammad Fadlan Raihan , Angga Hermawan , Octia Floweri , Robeth Viktoria Manurung , Muhammad Iqbal , Ahmad Nuruddin , Nugraha , Brian Yuliarto , Ni Luh Wulan Septiani
{"title":"Effect of nickel incorporation on the physicochemical properties and performance of HKUST-1-based MOF immunosensor for DENV-3 NS1 detection","authors":"Neng Astri Lidiawati , Muhammad Fadlan Raihan , Angga Hermawan , Octia Floweri , Robeth Viktoria Manurung , Muhammad Iqbal , Ahmad Nuruddin , Nugraha , Brian Yuliarto , Ni Luh Wulan Septiani","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An electrochemical immunosensor was developed using a modified metal-organic framework (MOF) for detecting dengue virus serotype 3 (DENV-3) NS1. CuNi-MOF frameworks with varying Cu:Ni molar ratios—1:0 (CuNi-1), 5:1 (CuNi-2), 3:1 (CuNi-3), and 1:1 (CuNi-4)—were synthesized, incorporating 10 wt% triethanolamine (TEOA) as a modulator to enhance performance. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra confirm the successful formation of CuNi-MOF. Morphological evolution was observed as the Ni content increased to 50 % (CuNi-4), resulting in a transformation from octahedral to bar-like particles. Among the synthesized materials, CuNi-4 exhibited the highest redox current, making it the optimal choice for electrochemical measurements targeting dengue virus (DENV) detection. Using DPV technique, it was found that linear range of DENV-3 antigen concentration is 0.001 ng mL<sup>−1</sup> - 5 ng mL<sup>−1</sup> with a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.1 pg mL<sup>−1</sup>. In addition, the CuNi-4 exhibited remarkable selectivity for DENV-3 over the other three dengue virus serotypes. Real sample testing using DENV-3 antigen with variation concentration of 0.001; 0.01; 0.1; 1; and 10 ng mL<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> in commercial human serum resulted in the recovery of 98 %, 94 %, 97 %, 95 %, and 98 %, respectively. The findings highlight the promise of the CuNi-4-based electrochemical immunosensor for detecting NS-1 antigens of DENV-3 with high specificity and sensitivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flange joint monitoring based on strain measurement with fiber optic sensors embedded in gaskets","authors":"Valerii Matveenko, Andrey Fedorov, Grigorii Serovaev, Elizaveta Galkina, Elizaveta Vindokurova","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2024.100306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sintl.2024.100306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper demonstrates the effectiveness of using numerical simulation to select parameters of the system for monitoring the deformation behavior of structures. Consideration is given to a bolted flange connection with a gasket, the performance of which is determined by the level of bolt tightening. Bolt tension control technique is based on the strain measurement with fiber optic sensors embedded in the gasket. The results of numerical modeling of deformation for different variants of bolt tensioning are discussed. Strain measurement in the gasket by means of distributed fiber-optic sensors on the basis of Rayleigh scattering is carried out taking into account the results of numerical simulation. Another type of fiber optic sensors that is based on the Bragg gratings is used to implement additional control of the results of measurement. An algorithm to realize strain measurement by two types of sensors located on the same optic fiber is proposed. The results of experimental strain measurements demonstrate that fiber optic sensors can be used to detect changes in bolt tensioning, which can cause failure of a flange joint.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}