{"title":"Electrochemical sensor based on polyaniline supported CdS/CeO2/Ag3PO4 nanocomposite for Malathion detection","authors":"Tigabu Bekele Mekonnen","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Different nanomaterials in single (CeO<sub>2</sub>), binary (CdS/CeO<sub>2</sub> and Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>/CeO<sub>2</sub>), ternary CdS/CeO<sub>2</sub>/Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> (4:1 molar ratio) and conductive polymer supported (PANI-CdS/CeO<sub>2</sub>/Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) were synthesized by co-precipitation method. Elemental analysis, crystal structure, surface area, morphology and optical properties of the as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized. Electrochemical behavior of glassy carbon electrode modified by polyaniline supported CdS/CeO<sub>2</sub>/Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite were also characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry in 0.1 M of K<sub>3</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>] containing 0.1 M KCl at pH 7 with a frequency range of 0.1 to 1000 Hz, with an amplitude of 50 mV. The voltammogramm shows that the process of all as synthesized nanocomposites modified glassy carbon electrode is diffusion controlled. Under optimum conditions, the electrochemical sensor showed Malathion concentrations in linear range of 1-13 <span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo></mrow></math></span> 10<sup>−7</sup> M, good reproducibility, and no interference by other pesticides and high recovery values around 98.90%. As-synthesized nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode exhibits the lowest detection limit of 3.0 <span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo></mrow></math></span> 10<sup>−9</sup> M for Malathion detection. The simplicity of preparation, high sensitivity, good stability and reproducibility of this nanostructured polyaniline supported CdS/CeO<sub>2</sub>/Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> electrode can be a potential candidate for application in the detection of Malathion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50175752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of soybean peroxidase - Copper phosphate mediated organic-inorganic hybrid for hydrogen peroxide biosensor application","authors":"Sunil Bhapkar , Upasana Choudhari , Umesh Jadhav , Shweta Jagtap","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An electrochemical biosensor for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> detection was developed by using soybean peroxidase-copper phosphate mediated organic inorganic hybrid (OIH). The characterization of OIH was carried out by FESEM and FTIR. FESEM analysis showed a flower-like porous morphology of the OIH and FTIR confirmed the presence of soybean peroxidase and copper phosphate in the OIH. For sensor development, the paste of OIH was formulated in the presence of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and was screen printed on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate. Cyclic voltammetry analysis showed that the developed biosensor could detect H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in the linear range of 20–100 μM with R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.963. The limit of detection (LOD) and sensitivity values calculated for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> are 0.19 μM and 27.44 μA/(μM.cm2) respectively. Along with cyclic voltammetry experiments, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis was also carried out to study the sensing mechanism. The developed biosensor showed better selectivity towards H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> when tested against <span>d</span>-glucose, <span>l</span>-tyrosine, <span>l</span>-lysine, and <span>l</span>-ascorbic acid.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50172692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel amperometric biosensor for multi-enzymatic biosensing of triglycerides","authors":"Ali R. Jalalvand","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2022.100206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2022.100206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work has been focused on developing a novel biosensor assisted by multivariate calibration methods to determine triglycerides (TGs, triacetin, tributyrin, tricaproin, tricaprylin, and tricaprin) in lyophilized serum samples. To achieve this goal, a bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified and used as the biosensing platform. To increase the sensitivity of the developed method, hydrodynamic methods were used to calibrate the biosensor response. To increase the selectivity of the developed biosensor, it was assisted by partial least squares-1 (PLS-1), radial basis function-PLS (RBF-PLS), and RBF-artificial neural network (RBF-ANN) for exploiting first-order advantage. After characterization of the modifications, the first-order advantage was exploited to increase the selectivity of the method by building a multivariate calibration set in a pre-analyzed lyophilized serum with different TGs concentrations, which were chosen according to the individual calibration curve. Calibration models were then built in the same pre-analyzed lyophilized serum and analyzed by PLS-1, RBF-PLS, and RBF-ANN. Therefore, their performances were examined to predict concentrations of a validation set. The results confirmed the successfulness of the calibration model developed by RBF-ANN. Finally, it was used to analyze two serum samples, and the results demonstrated that the method was successful because its results were compared with a reference method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50172715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of BCB and SU 8 photonic waveguide in MZI architecture for point-of-care devices","authors":"S. Prasanna Kumaar, A. Sivasubramanian","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2022.100207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2022.100207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The proposed refractive index-based biosensor made of cost-effective polymer material in Mach-Zehnder configuration with novel horizontal slot waveguide structure offers high sensitivity. Due to the recent demand for low-cost point-of-care biosensor, silicon wafer-based polymer material has the potential for developing new hybrid waveguides for sensors. Hence we designed BenzoCycloButene (BCB), SU8 material as the core, and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) clad on a silicon wafer. The novelty of proposed BCB and SU8 horizontal slot waveguide structure of 2.5 <span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow></math></span> m wide and 1.<span><math><mrow><mn>8</mn><mi>μ</mi></mrow></math></span> m thick with a slot height of 400 nm, which handles the analyte effectively without any external sample holder. In Mach-Zehnder Interferometer architecture, reference arm 1 cm and sensing arm at a length of 1.1 cm with analyte refractive index of cancer cell (RI = 1.401) and Influenza A type virus (RI = 1.48) are used. Effective mode index of BCB core and SU8 are investigated through Finite-difference time domain (FDTD) analysis, and sensitivity results are calculated. Detection of disease are plotted in the transmission spectrum with reference to normal human serum (RI = 1.35). This horizontal slot waveguide of BCB core achieves a sensitivity of 19280 nm/RIU and SU8 horizontal slot core waveguide provides a sensitivity of 16500 nm/RIU, which is higher in this polymer based refractive index biosensing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50172716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Puneeth N. Thotad , Geeta R. Bharamagoudar , Basavaraj S. Anami
{"title":"Diabetic foot ulcer detection using deep learning approaches","authors":"Puneeth N. Thotad , Geeta R. Bharamagoudar , Basavaraj S. Anami","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2022.100210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2022.100210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The most recurrent side effect of diabetes is diabetic foot ulcers and if unattended cause imputations. Diabetic feet affect 15% to 25% of diabetic people globally. Diabetes complications are due to less or no awareness of the consequences of diabetes among diabetic patients. Technology leveraging is an attempt to create distinct, affordable, and simple diabetic foot diagnostic strategies for patients and doctors. This work proposes early detection and prognosis of diabetic foot ulcers using the EfficientNet, a deep neural network model. EfficientNet is applied to an image set of 844-foot images, composed of healthy and diabetic ulcer feet. Better performance is obtained compared to earlier models using EfficientNet by carefully balancing network width, depth, and image resolution. The EfficientNet performed better compared to popular models like AlexNet, GoogleNet, VGG16, and VGG19. It gave maximum accuracy, f1-score, recall, and precision of 98.97%, 98%, 98%, and 99%, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50172726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nazmus Sakib Khair , Nurhafizah Abu Talip Yusof , Yasmin Abdul Wahab , Bifta Sama Bari , Nur Idayu Ayob , Maizatul Zolkapli
{"title":"Substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) microwave sensor theory and model in characterising dielectric material: A review","authors":"Nazmus Sakib Khair , Nurhafizah Abu Talip Yusof , Yasmin Abdul Wahab , Bifta Sama Bari , Nur Idayu Ayob , Maizatul Zolkapli","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microwave sensors offer appealing features such as susceptibility, quick response, and non-invasiveness, making them valuable tools for highly accurate measurements of material characterisation. A wide range of techniques, including cavity waveguide, planar transmission line, cavity waveguide perturbation, open-ended coaxial probe, and free-space transmission, have been employed to characterise materials that are essential for their cost-effectiveness, ease of manufacturing, high sensitivity, good quality factor (Q-factor), and compact size, allowing them to be applied to different material types. Among the microwave sensor types, the substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) has emerged as a promising technology in order to characterise materials in an efficient manner. This paper presents a review of the current state and potential opportunities of SIW microwave sensors in the characterisation of dielectric materials. It provides insights into various design principles, techniques, and applications of SIW microwave sensors across different sectors, highlighting their advantages and limitations compared to conventional waveguide-based sensors. Furthermore, the paper summarises several fabrication methods that can be implemented for SIW microwave sensors to enable the production of efficient and reliable sensors. Additionally, the future directions provided in this paper aim to contribute to the ongoing development and optimisation of SIW-based microwave sensors for accurate and efficient dielectric material characterisation. Overall, this review article serves as a beneficial resource for new researchers seeking to understand the role of SIW microwave sensors in material characterisation. It outlines the current status, opportunities, and potential advancements of SIW sensors, shedding light on their significance and potential impact in the field of material characterisation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50172689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Engineering and chemistry aspects of the well-known conductive polymers as sensors: Characterization, mechanism, synthesis, scale-up: A review","authors":"Hadiseh Masoumi , Azam Aslani , Ahad Ghaemi , Hasan Farrokhzad","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this research, the conductive polymers including polypyrrole (PPy), polyaniline (PANI), and polythiophene (PTh) and their hybrids in the role of sensors were studied for the detection of the gas molecules. The synthesis principles, sensing performance, sensing mechanism, characterization of the conductive polymers, and scale-up discussion have been investigated. In addition, the impact of the operating conditions including temperature, humidity, gas concentration, time, recovery, and common additives like tin oxide, iron chloride, and Pd were analyzed. Sensitivity, conductivity, and response were discussed as criteria to evaluate the efficiency of the sensors. The difference of conductive polymers in the gas sensing returns to the level of porosity and morphology in the different conductive polymers. The results reveal that PANI and its composites are the desired choice for sensing toxic gases even in industrial centers or commercial scales.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50172693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using parallel plates capacitor as a volumetric flow rate sensor and direction detection for microfluidic/nanofluidic and extra smaller applications","authors":"Asem M.AL. Jarrah , Mayyas M. AlMahasneh","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper shows how a single parallel plate capacitor can be used to sense volumetric flow rate in micro/nano and smaller scale fluidic conduits and how a double parallel plate capacitor can be used to sense both volumetric flow rate and direction of flow. The concept was developed based on the principles of conservation of energy with some fundamentals of electricity and electromagnetics. Furthermore, the concept was validated experimentally to be accurate. Upon validation the measurement of the sensor was found to be in good agreement with experimental measurement with more accuracy obtained as the supplied voltage for the sensor is increased. Also, the accuracy of the developed concept increases as the characteristic length of the conduit decreases which makes the developed concept even more suitable for smaller scales applications. The concept consumes extremely low power and can be used directly without calibration provided that accurate value for magnetic permittivity of fluid is available. Moreover, the concept can be used for any type of fluid of any conduit shape with easy incorporation onto lab-on-a-chip or MEMS technology. The sensitivity of the sensor is approximately 0.03 A/(m<sup>3</sup>/s) which is good compared to other sensors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50172694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Smart predictive analytics care monitoring model based on multi sensor IoT system: Management of diaper and attitude for the bedridden elderly","authors":"Jaeho Baek","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2022.100213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2022.100213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we propose a multi-sensor IoT system-based smart predictive analytics care and movement monitoring model that can be applied to various diapers and solve these problems for the bedridden elderly. A multi-sensor is designed to monitor the condition of the diaper and the movement of the bedridden elderly, in addition, to know the use condition of the diaper and the attitude of the bedridden elderly. In addition, through the changed pattern of the time series data acquired from the multi-sensor, a model that can know not only the presence or absence of urine/feces/farts but also the attitude of bedridden people is constructed and compared to this, it detects urine/feces/farts, care sensing to know the diaper usage status and the bedridden elderly's attitude duration. We propose smart predictive analytics care monitoring model based on multi sensor IoT system: management of diaper and attitude for the bedridden elderly. The design and proposed method are tested and the results are derived through an accredited certification body for an objective evaluation method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50172721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantum inspired improved AI computing for the sensors of cardiac mechano-biology","authors":"Ayesha Sohail, Usman Ashiq","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2022.100212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2022.100212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent advancements in the field of quantum mechanics have opened the research avenues for the accurate mapping of the heart’s conductivity with the aid of quantum sensors.The heart rate variability can now be accessed to better levels with the aid of recent noninvasive approaches. This novel idea can be improved with the aid of transfer learning where a smart machine learning algorithm, the “improved dynamic time wrapping” can be used, after selecting the important attributes such as the cardiac action potential. During this research, a two step approach is used for the dynamical analysis of the atrial fibrillation cardiac amyloid, since the Atrial-fibrillation (AF) is more common in patients with the “cardiac amyloidosis”, resulting from the deposition of amyloid protein. During the first step, inspired from the experimental studies in the domain of cardiac amyloidosis, an electric heart model is simulated for different amyloid deposition levels, and during the second step, the transfer learning algorithm is applied to explore the time series data of the electric potential and its divergence. This AI- synchronised divergence can be used to cross verify the electric potential divergence, detected by novel quantum sensors, in ongoing and future research projects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50172681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}