Science & Sports最新文献

{"title":"The morphology and stability of the oxygen pulse curve during cardiopulmonary exercise testing","authors":"T. Nickolay , L. Ingle , A. Hoye , A.T. Garrett , D.O. Gleadall-Siddall","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the relative and absolute reliability (agreement) of various parameters derived from the oxygen pulse (<span><math><mrow><mtext></mtext><msub><mover><mi>O</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>P</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span>) curve during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), a tool critical for evaluating cardiopulmonary function and fitness.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective test-retest reliability study.</div></div><div><h3>Equipment and methods</h3><div>Twelve recreationally active male participants underwent two CPETs within a test-retest interval of<!--> <!-->≤<!--> <!-->72<!--> <!-->hours. The study analysed different components of the <span><math><mrow><mtext></mtext><msub><mover><mi>O</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>P</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span> curve, including the area under the curve (AUC) and its slope in relation to the work-rate. Statistical analysis was then undertaken to determine the associated intraclass correlation coefficient (reliability), standard error of measure and minimal detectable change (agreement – SEM and MDC) values.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Statistical analysis indicated a range in the reliability of <span><math><mrow><mtext></mtext><msub><mover><mi>O</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>P</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span> curve parameters, from poor (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.49) for slope values to excellent (ICC<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->1.00) for the filtered <span><math><mrow><mtext></mtext><msub><mover><mi>O</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>P</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span> AUC. The mean percentage minimal detectable change (%MDC) for filtered AUC was calculated at 15<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.8, signifying the threshold for confidently determining true change.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings suggest that the <span><math><mrow><mtext></mtext><msub><mover><mi>O</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>P</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span> curve is a stable and robust variable in CPET, offering significant insights into cardiovascular health. These results have implications for exercise prescription, risk stratification, and rehabilitation in clinical settings. The study highlights the importance of adopting consistent reporting criteria like %MDC in future studies for better comparison across research and clinical practices.</div></div><div><h3>Objectifs</h3><div>Cette étude visait à évaluer la fiabilité relative et absolue (accord) de divers paramètres dérivés de la courbe du pouls d’oxygène (<span><math><mrow><mtext></mtext><msub><mover><mi>O</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>P</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span>) lors de l’épreuv","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 239-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity, amyloid-β, and tau protein: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Natan Feter , Gustavo S. Silva , Gustavo N. Garcia , Endriw Aberastury Deglaus , Matheus Alves , Julia Cassuriaga , Larissa L. da Cunha , Jayne S. Feter , Airton J. Rombaldi","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the relationship between physical activity and p-tau and Aβ in observational and experimental studies.</div></div><div><h3>News</h3><div>We searched PubMed, Web of Sciences, and SCOPUS databases from inception to July 20, 2023, with no language or time restriction. We included observational and experimental studies that evaluated the association of physical activity with Aβ burden tau accumulation in adults. We calculated the standard mean difference (SMD) of the mean difference between active and inactive participants for observational studies and between changes in intervention and control groups in experimental studies. We included seven observational and five experimental studies in the systematic review, totaling 2039 adults. The association of physical activity with Aβ burden and P-tau accumulation was investigated mostly in cognitively healthy individuals (50%) and adults with mild cognitive impairment (16.7%) or AD (25%). In observational studies, physical activity was associated with lower Aβ burden (SMD: –0.31; 95% CI: –0.52, –0.09; I<sup>2</sup>: 98.2%), P-tau accumulation (SMD: –0.33; –0.61, –0.06; I<sup>2</sup>: 98.1%), and higher soluble Aβ42 (SMD: –1.66; –1.94, –1.37; I<sup>2</sup>: 96.3%). We did not observe a significant effect of exercise interventions on Aβ burden in older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study provides evidence that physical activity is associated with improved Aβ burden and P-tau accumulation in older adults. We encourage additional experimental studies with larger sample sizes to confirm these findings.</div></div><div><h3>Objectif</h3><div>Examiner la relation entre l’activité physique et la p-tau et Aβ dans des études observationnelles et expérimentales.</div></div><div><h3>Actualités</h3><div>Nous avons recherché dans les bases de données PubMed, Web of Sciences et SCOPUS de leur création jusqu’au 20 juillet 2023, sans restriction de langue ou de temps. Nous avons inclus des études observationnelles et expérimentales évaluant l’association de l’activité physique avec la charge d’Aβ et l’accumulation de tau chez les adultes. Nous avons calculé la différence moyenne standardisée (DMS) de la différence moyenne entre les participants actifs et inactifs pour les études observationnelles et entre les changements dans les groupes d’intervention et de contrôle pour les études expérimentales. Nous avons inclus sept études observationnelles et cinq études expérimentales dans la revue systématique, totalisant 2039 adultes. L’association de l’activité physique avec la charge d’Aβ et l’accumulation de la p-tau a été principalement étudiée chez des individus cognitivement sains (50 %) et des adultes présentant un léger déficit cognitif (16,7 %) ou une maladie d’Alzheimer (25 %). Dans les études observationnelles, l’activité physique était associée à une charge d’Aβ plus faible (DMS : –0,31 ; IC à 95 % : –0,52, –0,09 ; I2 : 98,2 %), à une accumulation de p-tau (","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"39 8","pages":"Pages 619-628"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute effects of long interval training sessions with different recovery durations in well-trained runners","authors":"S. Rodríguez-Barbero , D. Juárez Santos-García , V. Rodrigo-Carranza , J.M. González-Ravé , D. Boullosa , F. González-Mohíno","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>During interval training, the combination of several training components (stimulus duration, intensity, and recovery) determines the athlete's acute fatigue, and manipulating these components elicits different acute fatigue responses. We analyzed the effects of manipulating the duration of the recovery period during isoeffort interval training sessions on biomechanical, physiological, perceptual, and neuromuscular parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Equipment and methods</h3><div>Twelve well-trained runners completed three interval sessions at the highest possible running speed (4<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->4<!--> <!-->min) on a treadmill with 1-min, 2-min, or self-selected (SSrecovery) passive recovery periods (standing quietly on the treadmill).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall speed and distance after 4<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->4<!--> <!-->min were 2.5% higher with a SSrecovery (∼190s) when they were compared to 1-min (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05) and 2-min recoveries (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05). Blood lactate concentration (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05) was 15.6% lower in SSrecovery when compared to 1-min recovery. Rating of perceived exertion was 6.7% higher in 1-min vs. 2-min and SSrecovery (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05). Vertical oscillation was 3.4% lower in SSrecovery vs. 1-min (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05), and step frequency was also 1.3 and 1.4% lower in 1-min and 2-min recovery periods when compared to SSrecovery (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.01; <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results suggest that self-selected recovery with a mean duration of 190<!--> <!-->s involves less fatigue than 1- or 2-min recoveries after 3 long interval training sessions (4<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->4<!--> <!-->min). In fact, self-selected recovery showed lower blood lactate concentration, vertical oscillation, RPE and step frequency than 1- or 2-min recovery.</div></div><div><h3>Objectifs</h3><div>Pendant l’entraînement par intervalles, la combinaison de plusieurs composantes de l’entraînement (durée du stimulus, intensité et récupération) détermine la fatigue aiguë de l’athlète, et la manipulation de ces composantes provoque différentes réponses à la fatigue aiguë. Nous avons analysé les effets de la manipulation de la durée de la période de récupération pendant les séances d’entraînement par intervalles à isoeffort sur les paramètres biomécaniques, physiologiques, perceptifs et neuromusculaires.</div></div><div><h3>Matériel et méthodes</h3><div>Douze coureurs bien entraînés ont effectué trois sessions d’intervalles à la vitesse de course la plus élevée possible (4<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->4<!--> <!-->min) sur un tapis roulant avec des périodes de récupération de 1<!--> <!-->min, 2<!--> <!-->min ou récupération spontanée (en restant tranquillement debout sur le tapis roulant).</div></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><div>La vitesse et la dista","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"39 8","pages":"Pages 678-687"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional knee muscle impairment after 12-km simulated road march with load carriage","authors":"F.A. Machado ,&nbsp;S.E. da Rosa ,&nbsp;R.A. Marson ,&nbsp;M.R.M. Mainenti ,&nbsp;E.C. Martinez ,&nbsp;V.M.M. de Ribeiro Reis","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To investigate the duration of functional impairment in knee muscles following a simulated military road march with a backpack compared to no load carriage and baseline measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ten soldiers (age: 19.2<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.4 years, height: 173.0<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->5.5<!--> <!-->cm) were subjected to 12<!--> <!-->km of walking with a backpack and no load. Before and after walks (0, 2, 4, and 6<!--> <!-->h) were submitted to isokinetic contractions of the knee muscles at 60/s.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Peak torque intra-group analysis showed a significative reduction of 17.4% at 2<!--> <!-->h and 18.1% at 6<!--> <!-->h in the knee extensors after load carriage. No peak torque was reduced in the knee extensors and flexors after no load. Inter-group analysis showed that load carriage and no load do not differ in the time point in the knee extensors and flexors. Maximum work intra-group and inter-group analysis showed that the knee extensors and flexors do not differ in the time point.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The reduction in the extensor torque of the knee is load-dependent, while no-load walking does not exert any effect on both knee extensor and flexor muscles.</div></div><div><h3>Objectifs</h3><div>Étudier la durée de l’altération fonctionnelle des muscles fléchisseurs et extenseurs de la jambe à la suite d’une marche militaire avec sac à dos reproduite en laboratoire, comparée à une marche sans charge et à des mesures de base.</div></div><div><h3>Méthodes</h3><div>Dix militaires (âge, 19,2<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0,4 ans, taille, 173<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->5,5<!--> <!-->cm) ont effectué une marche de 12<!--> <!-->km avec et sans sac à dos. Avant et après la marche (0, 2, 4 et 6<!--> <!-->h), ils ont réalisé des contractions isocinétiques des muscles fléchisseurs et extenseurs de la jambe à 60/s.</div></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><div>L’analyse intra-groupe du couple maximal a montré une réduction significative de 17,4̊% à 2<!--> <!-->h et de 18,1̊% à 6<!--> <!-->h des extenseurs de la jambe après le port de la charge. Il n’y a pas eu de réduction du couple maximal des extenseurs et des fléchisseurs du genou après la marche sans charge. L’analyse inter-groupe a montré que le port de la charge et la marche sans charge ne diffèrent pas au niveau du temps pour les extenseurs et les fléchisseurs du genou. L’analyse intra-groupe et inter-groupe du travail maximal a montré que les extenseurs et les fléchisseurs de la jambe ne diffèrent pas au niveau du temps.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>La réduction du couple des extenseurs de la jambe est liée à la charge, tandis que la marche sans charge n’exerce aucun effet sur les muscles extenseurs et fléchisseurs de la jambe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 266-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of different ischemic pre-conditioning protocols on a 4-km cycling time trial","authors":"G. Truffi ,&nbsp;E. Crivoi do Carmo ,&nbsp;L. Carvalho ,&nbsp;A.F. Gáspari ,&nbsp;C. Foster ,&nbsp;R. Barroso","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Aim&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ischemic pre-conditioning (IPC) has been used to improve performance in aerobic and anaerobic activities. More specifically, there are several reports showing IPC's benefits on aerobic cycling performance. However, IPC can be time consuming, depending on the protocol adopted. The aim of this study was to investigate different IPC protocols to assess which one would be both effective and time efficient for enhancing performance in a 4-km cycling time trial (4-km TT).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In a randomized cross-over design, fifteen trained male cyclists went through 1, 2 or 4 cycles of IPC (5&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;minutes of occlusion followed by 5&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;minutes of reperfusion) all combined with 15 or 30&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;minutes of rest interval before the 4-km cycling TT. We also analyzed the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) every 1000&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;m during the 4-km TT. Data are presented as mean and standard deviation (SD). One-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the performance on the 4-km TT in all conditions. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze RPE every 1000&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;m of the 4-km cycling TT.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results and conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;There was no significant effect of any of the IPC protocols on overall performance (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;=&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.486). There was a main time effect for RPE (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;&lt;&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.0001) but there was no interaction effect (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;=&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.111). Our results show that none of our IPC protocols was able to enhance performance on a 4-km cycling TT over a non-IPC control condition.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectifs&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Le préconditionnement ischémique (IPC) a été utilisé pour améliorer les performances d’activités physiques aérobies et anaérobies. Plusieurs rapports ont montré des effets favorables de l’IPC sur les performances aérobies en cyclisme. Cependant, suivant les protocoles utilisés, l’IPC peut prendre du temps. Le but de cette étude était d’étudier différents protocoles IPC pour évaluer lesquels seraient à la fois économiques en temps, et efficaces pour améliorer les performances sur un contre-la-montre de cyclisme de 4&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;km (4&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;km TT).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Matériels et méthodes&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Dans un protocole croisé randomisé, quinze cyclistes masculins régulièrement entraînés ont suivi 1, 2 ou 4 cycles d’IPC (5&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;minutes d’occlusion suivies de 5&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;minutes de reperfusion) combinés avec 15 ou 30&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;minutes de repos avant l’épreuve de cyclisme de 4&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;km TT. Nous avons également analysé l’évaluation de l’effort perçu (RPE) tous les 1000&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;m pendant le TT de 4&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;km. Les données sont présentées sous forme de moyenne et d’écart-type (SD). Une Anova à mesures répétées a été utilisée pour analyser les performances sur le TT de 4&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;km dans toutes les conditions. Des mesures répétées bidirectionnelles Anova ont été utilisées pour analyser le RPE tous les 1000&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!-","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"39 8","pages":"Pages 710-714"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of physical performance and match demands after warm-ups with small-sided soccer games wearing weighted vests of different loads","authors":"J. Sanchez-Sanchez ,&nbsp;J. Raya-González ,&nbsp;R. Ramirez-Campillo ,&nbsp;F.M. Clemente ,&nbsp;A. Rodríguez-Fernández","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;To compare the physical performance and official match demands of soccer players following a warm-up session that involved small-sided games with weighted vests of varying loads.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Equipment and methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study involved fifteen highly trained male soccer players (age: 17.8&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;±&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.5 years; height: 173.4&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;±&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;6.3&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;cm; body mass: 66.1&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;±&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;7.4&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;kg; training experience: 10.5&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;±&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;1.3 years) from the same team who competed in the national league for their age group. Their regular training schedule included four sessions and one competitive match per week. The participants completed three different warm-up protocols without weighted vest, with 5%, and 10% body mass weighted vest) during the intervention, following a counter-balanced design. After each protocol, players completed the triple hop jump test and the modified change-of-direction test. Also, the physical demands, including distance, high-speed distance, distance in acceleration and deceleration, and peak velocity, were assessed at three intervals: 0–15, 15–30, and 30–45&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;min of the first half of official matches.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The one-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed that the performance in the triple jump test and &lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt;-test significantly improved (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;&lt;&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.01) after the protocol that included a small-sided game with a weighted vest at 5% of body weight compared to the protocol without a weighted vest. The peak velocity was higher after the protocol using vests at 5% of body weight than after the protocol without weighted vests in the intervals 0–15 (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;&lt;&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.01), 15–30 (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;&lt;&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.01), and 30–45&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;min (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;&lt;&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.05). Players covered more high-speed distance after the protocol with a weighted vest at 5% of body weight than after the warm-up without a weighted vest at 0–15 (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;&lt;&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.05) and 15–30&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;min (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;&lt;&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.01). Both acceleration and deceleration distance during the 30–45&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;min interval were significantly greater (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;&lt;&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.01) after the protocol using a weighted vest at 10% of body weight than after the protocol using a 5% body weight vest and the protocol without a weighted vest. In conclusion, a loaded warm-up with a 5% body mass enhances acute performance in horizontal jump, change-of-direction ability, and peak velocity compared to an unloaded warm-up. Incorporating a specific warm-up with a weighted vest at 5% body mass proves effective, particularly in the initial 30&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;min of the match.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectif&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Comparer les performances physiques et les exigences officielles du match des joueurs de football suite à une séance d’échauffement incluant des jeux réduits avec des gilets lestés de ch","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"39 8","pages":"Pages 688-697"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of vitamin D level, iron homeostasis, and hematological parameters following two weeks of live-high–train-high altitude in elite female and male alpine skiers","authors":"M. Haghbin,&nbsp;W. Tahmasebi,&nbsp;M. Azizi,&nbsp;R. Hoseini","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The association of vitamin D and hematological factors and their changes during high altitude training remains unclear among alpine skiers. This study aimed to evaluate the vitamin D level, iron Homeostasis, and hematological parameters in alpine skiers following two weeks of ski training at high altitude.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Twenty alpine skiers were divided randomly into experimental (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;=&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;12) and control (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;=&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;8) groups. The subjects were selected among Iran's junior alpine skier national team volunteers. Anthropometric parameters were measured, and blood samples were collected to analyze the CBC, plasma ferritin concentration, PTH, serum 25 (OH) D, and other Iron metabolism variables before and after 2&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;weeks of the intervention. Each training session at 3600&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;m altitude for two weeks consisted of 10&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;mins of warm-up, the main ski training, and 5&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;mins of cool-down. The paired sample, and independent samples &lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt;-test to compare the mean of variables within and between groups using SPSS software at a significant level of &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;&lt;&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.05.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Both groups had no differences in pre-test values. After two weeks, the experimental group showed significant decreases (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;&lt;&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.05) in anthropometric characteristics such as body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat (PBF), and fat-free mass (FFM). The experimental group also demonstrated decreased levels of Fe (−19% vs −7%), Tfs (−27% vs −6%), Ca2+ (−9% vs 0%), and vitamin D (−22% vs −1%) comparing control group (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;&lt;&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.05). The experimental group showed significant increases (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;&lt;&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.05) in hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), hematocrit (Hct), ferritin, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC). However, parathyroid hormone (PTH), mean corpuscular volume (MVC), white blood cells (WBC), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) did not show significant changes when compared to the control group (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;&gt;&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.05).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Research suggests that a two-week skiing training regimen (3000–3600m) can have a noteworthy effect on the iron homeostasis and vitamin D levels of male and female athletes. Given the common occurrence of vitamin D inadequacies among skiers, they should seek medical advice and incorporate vitamin D and iron supplements into their routine to minimize the risk of fractures, contusions, and hypothermia.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Contexte&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;L’association entre la vitamine D et les facteurs hématologiques et leurs modifications au cours de l’entraînement en haute altitude restent floues chez les skieurs alpins. Cette étude visait à évaluer le taux de vitamine D, l’homéostasie du fer et les paramètres hématologiques chez des skieurs alpins après deux semaines d’en","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"39 8","pages":"Pages 698-705"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in hydrogen research for exercise science: Modulating circadian rhythm, immunity, and athlete recovery","authors":"N. Todorovic ,&nbsp;S.M. Ostojic","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Molecular hydrogen (H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, dihydrogen) has gained significant attention in the scientific community due to its potential therapeutic properties. This review aims to critically evaluate H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;'s capacity to enhance athletes’ immune function, modulate circadian rhythm, and facilitate recovery from exercise-induced fatigue.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;News&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Besides traditional antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity, dihydrogen might enhance athletes’ performance and recovery via several other pathways, including circadian rhythm regulation and cellular homeostasis modulation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Prospects and projects&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;By synthesizing the available literature, we assess H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;'s capacity to enhance athletes’ immune function, modulate circadian rhythm, and facilitate recovery from exercise-induced fatigue. Our review presents a scientific rationale for the potential role of H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; as a novel intervention to optimize athletic performance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Despite limited research in this area, dihydrogen shows potential for improving sports performance and aiding recovery. Additional investigation is necessary to determine the effectiveness of H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in regulating circadian rhythm and promoting quality sleep, and well-designed trials are required to establish its efficacy. In addition, further research is necessary to understand the potential effects of H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; on gene regulation and hormonal balance and to translate the theoretical potential of H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; into practical applications.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectifs&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;L’hydrogène moléculaire (H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, dihydrogène) a attiré l’attention de la communauté scientifique en raison de ses propriétés thérapeutiques potentielles. Cette revue vise à évaluer de manière critique la capacité de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; à améliorer la fonction immunitaire des athlètes, à moduler le rythme circadien et à faciliter la récupération de la fatigue induite par l’exercice.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Nouvelles&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Outre la capacité antioxydante et anti-inflammatoire traditionnelle, le dihydrogène pourrait améliorer les performances et la récupération des athlètes par plusieurs autres voies, notamment la régulation du rythme circadien et la modulation de l’homéostasie cellulaire.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Perspectives et projets&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;En synthétisant la littérature disponible, nous évaluons la capacité de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; à améliorer la fonction immunitaire des athlètes, à moduler le rythme circadien et à faciliter la récupération de la fatigue induite par l’exercice. Notre revue présente une justification scientifique du rôle potentiel de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; en tant que nouvelle intervention pour optimiser les performances sportives.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Malgré des recherches limitées dans ce domaine, le dihydrogène montre un potentiel pour améliorer les performances sportives et favoriser la récupération. Des r","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 224-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saddle preferences and perceived comfort of competitive women cyclists","authors":"A. Herrero-Molleda ,&nbsp;R. Bini ,&nbsp;J. García-López","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Women experience more saddle-related pain during cycling compared to men. However, there is a lack of research focused on the optimal saddle for this population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the most used type of saddle (i.e., women's saddles, men's saddles or unisex) and the effect of saddle type on perceived comfort in elite women road cyclists.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Sixty national level road cyclists completed a questionnaire about their training characteristics, saddle use background and saddle comfort. The measures of the participants saddles were also obtained.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Women's saddles were chosen by the majority of participants, being more comfortable (4.2 vs. 3.8 on a 1–5 comfort scale, respectively) than men's saddles. What is more, among cyclists who had tried both saddles, 55% felt better with the women's saddle, while only 16% preferred the men's saddle. However, more experienced cyclists (i.e., higher weekly and annual training load and years of experience) used men's saddles. Also, 50% of the participants still presented pain, regardless of the type of saddle used. The type of saddle also affected the cyclist's position on the saddle (i.e., at the rear of the saddle with men's saddles) and the location of pain (i.e., higher on the ischial tuberosities with men's saddles).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In conclusion, women's saddles are more comfortable for women road cyclists. Saddle type may also have some effect on bike-fit, as woman sit further back when using a men's saddle (i.e., increasing the effective saddle height).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectifs&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Les cyclistes féminines ressentent davantage de douleurs liées à la selle pendant les courses que les hommes. Cependant, il y a un manque de recherche pour définir le type optimal de selle pour les femmes. L’objectif de cette étude était donc d’analyser le type de selle le plus utilisé (selles pour femmes, selles pour hommes ou unisexe) et l’effet du type de selle choisi sur le confort perçu par des cyclistes féminines sur route de haut niveau.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Méthodes&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Soixante cyclistes sur route de niveau national ont répondu à un questionnaire afin de connaître leurs caractéristiques d’entraînement, leurs antécédents en matière d’utilisation de selle et le confort perçu de la selle utilisée. Les dimensions des selles des participantes ont été également obtenues.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Résultats&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Les selles pour femmes ont été choisies par la majorité des participantes. Elles sont considérées comme plus confortables (4,2 contre 3,8 sur une échelle de confort de 1 à 5, respectivement) que les selles pour hommes. De plus, parmi les cyclistes qui ont essayé les deux selles, 55 % se sont mieux senties avec la selle féminine, tandis que seulement 16 % ont préféré la selle masculine. Cependant, les cyclistes les plus expérimentées (c’est-à-dire celles qui ont u","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"39 8","pages":"Pages 670-677"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The reliability of the VO2 Master Pro metabolic analyzer and comparison with the Cosmed Quark","authors":"P.R. Davis","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To test the reliability of the VO₂ Master Pro and to compare it to the Cosmed Quark.</div></div><div><h3>Equipment and methods</h3><div>Eight recreational cyclists participated in two different trials which consisted of graded cycling exercise stages at 50%, 70%, and 85% of their critical power. The VO₂ Master Pro was used during the first visit, while both the VO₂ Master Pro and Cosmed Quark were used during the second visit. Equivalence testing of the trials was done by TOST analysis while test of difference was done by ANOVA.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results indicated equivalence of the VO₂ Master Pro in the measurement of VO₂ (35.1<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->10.4<!--> <!-->mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹ vs. 35.4<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->10.2<!--> <!-->mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹) and V_E (72.4<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->20.5<!--> <!-->L·min⁻¹ vs 73.8<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->22.3<!--> <!-->L·min⁻¹) across repeated visits indicating good reliability of the device. However, neither significant equivalence nor difference was detected when comparing the VO₂ Master Pro to the Cosmed Quark across the same variables indicating that the two devices were similar to each other.</div></div><div><h3>Objectifs</h3><div>Il s’agit de tester la fiabilité du VO2 Master-Pro et de le comparer au Cosmed Quark.</div></div><div><h3>Matériel et méthodes</h3><div>Huit cyclistes amateurs ont participé à deux essais différents qui consistaient à enchaîner différents paliers d’exercices sur ergocycles gradués à 50 %, 70 % et 85 % de leur puissance critique. Le VO2 Master-Pro a été utilisé lors de la première visite, tandis que le VO2 Master Pro et le Cosmed Quark ont été utilisé lors de la seconde visite. Le test d’équivalence des moyennes a été effectué par l’analyse TOST (<em>two one-sided test</em>), tandis que le test de différence a été effectué par une Anova.</div></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><div>Les résultats indiquent une équivalence du VO2 Master-Pro pour la mesure du VO2 (35,1<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->10,4<!--> <!-->mL-kg-1-min⁻¹ vs. 35,4<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->10,2<!--> <!-->mL-kg⁻¹-min⁻¹) et du VE (72,4<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->20,5 L-min⁻¹ vs 73,8<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->22,3 L-min⁻¹) lors de visites répétées, ce qui indique une bonne fiabilité de l’appareil. Cependant, aucune équivalence ou différence significative n’a été détectée en comparant le VO2 Master-Pro au Cosmed Quark pour les mêmes variables, ce qui indique que les deux appareils sont similaires l’un à l’autre.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"39 8","pages":"Pages 706-709"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}