Science & Sports最新文献

{"title":"Combined exercise response and effects on metabolic, cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and body composition variables in type 1 diabetes: A systematic review","authors":"C. Brasileiro Azevedo Barros , M. da Cunha Costa , A. de Freitas Brito , J.L. de Brito Gomes","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Regular physical exercise is highly recommended for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) due to the numerous health benefits. The combination of strength exercise (SE) and aerobic exercise (AE) in the same session has been referred to in the literature as combined exercise (COMB) or concurrent exercise (CON). Anticipating the practice of SE in relation to continuous AE seems to be an effective strategy to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia in patients with T1DM.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To summarize the effects of combined exercise on metabolic, cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and body composition variables in people with T1DM.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic review was conducted between 2011 and 2023 on the available literature in the Pubmed, Bireme, Cochrane, and Scielo electronic databases. The PEDro scale was used to analyze the studies’ quality and five were selected. The studies were conducted using T1DM patients (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->94; female<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->17, male<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->51; age<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->14–38 years; PEDro<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->5–9 points). The prescribed ECOMB used a volume of 2–3 sets with 8–15 repetitions, moderate-vigorous intensity, and frequency of 2–3× per week with sessions of 45–90<!--> <!-->minutes over 12–20 weeks.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>COMB can promote metabolic responses and beneficial effects on some metabolic, cardiovascular, neuromuscular and body composition parameters in adolescent and adult patients with T1DM.</div></div><div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>L’exercice physique régulier est fortement recommandé aux personnes atteintes de diabète sucré de type 1 (DT1) en raison de ses nombreux bienfaits pour la santé. La combinaison d’exercices de force (SE) et d’exercices aérobies (AE) au cours d’une même séance a été appelée dans la littérature exercice combiné (COMB) ou exercice simultané (CON). Associer la pratique de l’ES à celle des EI continus semble une stratégie efficace pour minimiser le risque d’hypoglycémie chez les patients atteints de DT1.</div></div><div><h3>Objectif</h3><div>Faire le point sur les effets de l’exercice combiné sur les variables métaboliques, cardiovasculaires, neuromusculaires et la composition corporelle chez les personnes atteintes de DT1.</div></div><div><h3>Méthodes</h3><div>Une revue systématique a été réalisée entre 2011 et 2023 sur la littérature disponible dans les bases de données électroniques Pubmed, Bireme, Cochrane et Scielo. L’échelle PEDro a été utilisée pour analyser la qualité des études et cinq ont été sélectionnées. Les études ont été menées auprès de patients atteints de DT1 (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->94 ; femmes<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->17, hommes<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->51 ; âge<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->14–38 ans ; PEDro<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->5–9 points). L’ECOMB prescrit utilisait un volume de 2 à 3 séries avec 8 à 15 répétitions, une intensité modér","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 185-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The morphology and stability of the oxygen pulse curve during cardiopulmonary exercise testing","authors":"T. Nickolay , L. Ingle , A. Hoye , A.T. Garrett , D.O. Gleadall-Siddall","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the relative and absolute reliability (agreement) of various parameters derived from the oxygen pulse (<span><math><mrow><mtext></mtext><msub><mover><mi>O</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>P</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span>) curve during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), a tool critical for evaluating cardiopulmonary function and fitness.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective test-retest reliability study.</div></div><div><h3>Equipment and methods</h3><div>Twelve recreationally active male participants underwent two CPETs within a test-retest interval of<!--> <!-->≤<!--> <!-->72<!--> <!-->hours. The study analysed different components of the <span><math><mrow><mtext></mtext><msub><mover><mi>O</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>P</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span> curve, including the area under the curve (AUC) and its slope in relation to the work-rate. Statistical analysis was then undertaken to determine the associated intraclass correlation coefficient (reliability), standard error of measure and minimal detectable change (agreement – SEM and MDC) values.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Statistical analysis indicated a range in the reliability of <span><math><mrow><mtext></mtext><msub><mover><mi>O</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>P</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span> curve parameters, from poor (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.49) for slope values to excellent (ICC<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->1.00) for the filtered <span><math><mrow><mtext></mtext><msub><mover><mi>O</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>P</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span> AUC. The mean percentage minimal detectable change (%MDC) for filtered AUC was calculated at 15<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.8, signifying the threshold for confidently determining true change.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings suggest that the <span><math><mrow><mtext></mtext><msub><mover><mi>O</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>P</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span> curve is a stable and robust variable in CPET, offering significant insights into cardiovascular health. These results have implications for exercise prescription, risk stratification, and rehabilitation in clinical settings. The study highlights the importance of adopting consistent reporting criteria like %MDC in future studies for better comparison across research and clinical practices.</div></div><div><h3>Objectifs</h3><div>Cette étude visait à évaluer la fiabilité relative et absolue (accord) de divers paramètres dérivés de la courbe du pouls d’oxygène (<span><math><mrow><mtext></mtext><msub><mover><mi>O</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>P</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span>) lors de l’épreuv","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 239-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The benefits of Nordic walking training on parameters related to sarcopenia in postmenopausal women with non-alcohol fatty liver disease and pre-diabetes: Secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial","authors":"X. Du ,&nbsp;F. Gao ,&nbsp;X. Wang ,&nbsp;S.M. Lei ,&nbsp;S. Cheng ,&nbsp;S. Le","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2023.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the effects of an 8.6-month Nordic walking regimen on sarcopenia parameters in postmenopausal women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and pre-diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Equipment and methods</h3><div>A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 31 such women, 17 in the exercise group and 14 in the control group. The exercise regimen, performed at community parks, comprised supervised Nordic walking sessions twice or thrice weekly, gradually intensifying in intensity and duration. Body composition was evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and muscle strength was measured using an adjustable dynamometer chair.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After the intervention, significant increases in the skeletal muscle index, appendicular skeletal muscular mass index, and elbow flexor strength were observed in the exercise group compared to the control group. VO_2max also improved in the exercise group. The study did not find significant effects on handgrip and knee extension strength. These results suggest that Nordic walking may mitigate the onset of sarcopenia in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and pre-diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Objectifs</h3><div>Cette étude visait à enquêter sur les effets d’un programme de marche nordique de 8,6<!--> <!-->mois sur les paramètres de la sarcopénie chez des femmes ménopausées atteintes de stéatose hépatique non alcoolique et de prédiabète.</div></div><div><h3>Matériels et méthodes</h3><div>Un essai contrôlé randomisé a été mené avec 31 femmes, dont 17 dans le groupe d’exercice et 14 dans le groupe témoin. Le programme d’exercice, réalisé dans des parcs communautaires, comprenait des séances de marche nordique supervisées deux ou trois fois par semaine, augmentant progressivement en intensité et en durée. La composition corporelle a été évaluée en utilisant l’absorptiométrie à rayons X à double énergie, et la force musculaire a été mesurée à l’aide d’une chaise dynamomètre ajustable.</div></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><div>Après l’intervention, des augmentations significatives de l’index de la masse musculaire squelettique, de l’index de la masse musculaire squelettique appendiculaire, et de la force des fléchisseurs du coude ont été observées dans le groupe d’exercice par rapport au groupe témoin. Le VO_2max s’est également amélioré dans le groupe d’exercice. L’étude n’a pas trouvé d’effets significatifs sur la force de préhension et l’extension du genou. Ces résultats suggèrent que la marche nordique peut atténuer l’apparition de la sarcopénie chez les patients atteints de stéatose hépatique non alcoolique et de prédiabète.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 233-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Menstrual cycle disorders among elite ballet dancers","authors":"S. Lehbil ,&nbsp;A. Couillandre ,&nbsp;M. Dreyfus ,&nbsp;Y. Ibargüen-Vargas ,&nbsp;L. Kern ,&nbsp;X. Barreau ,&nbsp;C. Maître","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;As any high-level athlete, elite ballet dancers are at risk of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport, whose main etiological factor is low energy availability. In case of chronicity, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea may appear and induced hypoestrogenism major the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. The main objective of our study was to identify the risk factors for the appearance of menstrual cycle disorders in this specific category of athletes. The secondary objective was to evaluate an association between the occurrence of these disorders and the consequences on bone health.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Equipment and methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Eighty-three elite ballet dancers from the national Paris Opera, aged between 17 and 42, all ranks combined, from quadrille to prima ballerina were solicited in the study. A self-questionnaire was distributed to the dancers to assess their gynecological, bone and nutritional health.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Among the dancers, 71% have at least one history of cycle disorder. 50% (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;=&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;19) of them experienced menarche after the age of 15 or primary amenorrhea. 28.9% (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;=&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;11) had experienced at least one episode of secondary amenorrhea during their career. A history of eating disorder was found in 47.4% (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;=&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;18) of our cohort. A statistically significant association with a history of eating disorder was thus highlighted (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;=&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.007).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectifs&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Au même titre que les athlètes de haut niveau, les danseuses classiques professionnelles sont à risque du syndrome de déficit énergétique relatif dans le sport dont le facteur étiologique principal est une faible disponibilité énergétique. Sur le long terme, une aménorrhée hypothalamique fonctionnelle (AHF) peut survenir et l’hypoœstrogénie induite majore le risque d’ostéoporose et de fractures. L’objectif principal de notre étude était d’identifier les facteurs de risque de survenue de troubles du cycle menstruel chez cette catégorie spécifique de sportives. L’objectif secondaire étant d’évaluer une association entre la survenue de ces troubles et les conséquences sur la santé osseuse.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Matériels et méthodes&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Quatre-vingt-trois danseuses classiques exerçant au sein de l’Opéra national de Paris, âgées de 17 à 42 ans, du grade de quadrille à celui de danseuse étoile, ont été sollicitées. Un auto-questionnaire leur a été distribué afin d’évaluer leur santé gynécologique, osseuse et nutritionnelle.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Résultats&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Soixante-et-onze pour cent des danseuses présentent au moins un antécédent de trouble du cycle. 50 % (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;=&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;19) d’entre elles ont connu une ménarche après l’âge de 15 ans ou aménorrhée primaire. 28,9 % (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;=&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;11) évoquent au moins un épisode d’aménorrhée secondaire au cours de leur carrière. Un antécédent de trouble de l’ali","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 256-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional knee muscle impairment after 12-km simulated road march with load carriage","authors":"F.A. Machado ,&nbsp;S.E. da Rosa ,&nbsp;R.A. Marson ,&nbsp;M.R.M. Mainenti ,&nbsp;E.C. Martinez ,&nbsp;V.M.M. de Ribeiro Reis","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To investigate the duration of functional impairment in knee muscles following a simulated military road march with a backpack compared to no load carriage and baseline measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ten soldiers (age: 19.2<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.4 years, height: 173.0<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->5.5<!--> <!-->cm) were subjected to 12<!--> <!-->km of walking with a backpack and no load. Before and after walks (0, 2, 4, and 6<!--> <!-->h) were submitted to isokinetic contractions of the knee muscles at 60/s.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Peak torque intra-group analysis showed a significative reduction of 17.4% at 2<!--> <!-->h and 18.1% at 6<!--> <!-->h in the knee extensors after load carriage. No peak torque was reduced in the knee extensors and flexors after no load. Inter-group analysis showed that load carriage and no load do not differ in the time point in the knee extensors and flexors. Maximum work intra-group and inter-group analysis showed that the knee extensors and flexors do not differ in the time point.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The reduction in the extensor torque of the knee is load-dependent, while no-load walking does not exert any effect on both knee extensor and flexor muscles.</div></div><div><h3>Objectifs</h3><div>Étudier la durée de l’altération fonctionnelle des muscles fléchisseurs et extenseurs de la jambe à la suite d’une marche militaire avec sac à dos reproduite en laboratoire, comparée à une marche sans charge et à des mesures de base.</div></div><div><h3>Méthodes</h3><div>Dix militaires (âge, 19,2<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0,4 ans, taille, 173<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->5,5<!--> <!-->cm) ont effectué une marche de 12<!--> <!-->km avec et sans sac à dos. Avant et après la marche (0, 2, 4 et 6<!--> <!-->h), ils ont réalisé des contractions isocinétiques des muscles fléchisseurs et extenseurs de la jambe à 60/s.</div></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><div>L’analyse intra-groupe du couple maximal a montré une réduction significative de 17,4̊% à 2<!--> <!-->h et de 18,1̊% à 6<!--> <!-->h des extenseurs de la jambe après le port de la charge. Il n’y a pas eu de réduction du couple maximal des extenseurs et des fléchisseurs du genou après la marche sans charge. L’analyse inter-groupe a montré que le port de la charge et la marche sans charge ne diffèrent pas au niveau du temps pour les extenseurs et les fléchisseurs du genou. L’analyse intra-groupe et inter-groupe du travail maximal a montré que les extenseurs et les fléchisseurs de la jambe ne diffèrent pas au niveau du temps.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>La réduction du couple des extenseurs de la jambe est liée à la charge, tandis que la marche sans charge n’exerce aucun effet sur les muscles extenseurs et fléchisseurs de la jambe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 266-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of two distinct warm-up techniques on fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates during an exhaustive incremental exercise in football players with training experience","authors":"C. Ren ,&nbsp;H. Zhang ,&nbsp;J. Chen ,&nbsp;L. Feng ,&nbsp;R. Ren ,&nbsp;X. Li","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Aims&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Enhancing athletes’ performance through the utilization of energy resources constitutes a paramount objective for sports coaches. This study investigates how warm-up intensities affect fat and carbohydrate oxidation in trained football players.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ten young, healthy males volunteered for this study. The subjects had practiced football for two years, and the age, height, and body mass of the participant was 21&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;±&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;2 (mean&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;±&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;SD) yr, 178&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;±&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.04&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;cm, and 68.80&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;±&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;8.18&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;kg, respectively. Two warm-up programs at 50% and 70% of the maximal heart rate were conducted 72&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;hours apart, followed by progressive physical activity until exhaustion. This study assessed heart rate, oxygen uptake, and carbon dioxide output during each incremental physical activity test. The respiratory exchange ratio was also calculated. A two-way (2&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;×&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;9) repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the amount of fat oxidation and other parameters in two forms of physical activity and examine how exercise intensity affects it. The remaining variables from both sessions were analyzed using the paired sample &lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt;-test. Fat, carbohydrate, and energy expenditure were calculated.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The findings indicate that the intensity of warm-up exercises has no statistically significant impact on the oxidation rate of lipids and carbohydrates, heart rate, or respiratory exchange ratio of trained football players during incremental physical activity (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;&lt;&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.05). High-intensity incremental physical activity significantly increased energy expenditure.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study implies that football players and athletes in sports with similar energy systems warm up less intensely before competitions to maximize energy resources and minimize wasting energy resources.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectifs&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Améliorer les performances des athlètes grâce à l’utilisation des ressources énergétiques constitue un objectif primordial pour les coachs sportifs. Cette étude examine comment les intensités d’échauffement affectent l’oxydation des graisses et des glucides chez les joueurs de football entraînés.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Méthodes&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Dix jeunes hommes en bonne santé se sont portés volontaires pour cette étude. Les sujets pratiquaient le football depuis deux ans et l’âge, la taille et la masse corporelle du participant étaient respectivement de 21&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;±&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;2 (moyenne&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;±&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;écart-type), 178&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;±&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0,04&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;cm et 68,80&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;±&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;8,18&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;kg. Deux programmes d’échauffement à 50 % et 70 % de la fréquence cardiaque maximale ont été réalisés à 72&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;h d’intervalle, suivis d’une activité physique progressive jusqu’à épuisement. Cette étude a évalu","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 248-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of eccentric cycling training on the physical performance of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials","authors":"S. Rodríguez ,&nbsp;M.F. Rodríguez-Jaime","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Physical exercise represents a common strategy for addressing deficits in endurance and muscle strength in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, during exercise, COPD patients often experience exacerbations of dyspnea and hypoxia, which hinder their tolerance to therapeutic exercise programs. To address this challenge, studies have been conducted employing eccentric cycling training as a therapeutic program for COPD patients.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;To determine the effects of eccentric cycling training on the physical performance of COPD patients through a systematic review of randomized clinical trials.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A search for randomized clinical trials was conducted on PubMed, Bireme, Scopus, and Web of Science with a deadline of February 3, 2024, following PRISMA guidelines. The CONSORT checklist and the clinical trial checklist provided by SIGN were used to assess quality. Additionally, the ROB 2 tool was employed to determine the risk of bias in the included studies.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Initially, 758 articles were identified, of which, after a selection process carried out independently by two reviewers, 4 studies were selected, allowing for the analysis of 59 COPD patients, aged between 51 and 86 years. The quality of these studies was deemed acceptable, although two of them exhibited a high risk of bias, one showed a low risk of bias, and one raised some concerns. It was evidenced that eccentric cycling could improve performance in the 6-minute walk test (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;&lt;&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.05), whereas concentric cycling did not show significant improvements (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;≥&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.05). Additionally, improvements in isometric and isokinetic strength of the quadriceps muscles were observed following participation in eccentric cycling training (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;&lt;&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.05).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Eccentric cycling training has the potential to improve isometric and isokinetic quadriceps muscle strength, as well as functional performance measured by the 6-minute walk test in patients with COPD. However, it does not appear to significantly impact aerobic capacity. Further studies with comparable designs are needed to strengthen the evidence and confirm these findings.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;L’exercice physique représente une stratégie courante pour traiter les déficits d’endurance et de force musculaire chez les patients atteints de bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO). Cependant, pendant l’exercice, les patients atteints de BPCO éprouvent souvent des exacerbations de la dyspnée et de l’hypoxie, ce qui entrave leur tolérance aux programmes d’exercice thérapeutique. Pour relever ce défi, des études ont été menées en utilisant l’entraînement par cyclisme excentrique comme programme thérapeutique pour les patients atteints de BPCO.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectif&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 212-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of exercise on the hepcidin inflammatory status and markers of iron metabolism: A meta-analysis","authors":"S.Y. Liu ,&nbsp;L. Ruan ,&nbsp;G.H. Wang ,&nbsp;S.B. Li ,&nbsp;K. You ,&nbsp;M.L. Chen ,&nbsp;Z.Q. Lv ,&nbsp;Y. Pang ,&nbsp;L. Pu ,&nbsp;X.Y. Liu ,&nbsp;R.P. Wu ,&nbsp;J.D. Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Aims&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;To investigate the effect of exercise on serum ferritin levels, a human iron absorption mediator, and the relationship between ferritin, inflammatory status, and iron metabolism markers, we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials from PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science (as of July 2022).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The results included 14 randomized controlled trials with a total of 175 participants. The results showed that the Hepcidin levels after exercise were significantly higher than before exercise (SMD&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;=&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;−0.46&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;ng/mL; 95% CI: 0.72, −0.19; &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;&lt;&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.01, I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;!--&gt;=&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;25%); IL-6 levels were significantly higher after exercise than before exercise (SMD&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;=&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;−1.35&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;pg/ml; 95% confidence interval: −1.66, −1.05; &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;&lt;&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.00001, I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;!--&gt;=&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;31%); The levels of iron and ferritin immediately increased significantly after exercise, and significantly decreased after 3&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;hours of exercise.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This indicates that after exercise training intervention, ferritin and IL-6 significantly increase, and iron metabolism markers immediately increase after exercise, dropping to baseline levels or even lower after 3&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;hours.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The study registration number: CRD42023465832.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectifs&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Afin d’étudier l’effet de l’exercice sur les niveaux de ferritine sérique, un médiateur de l’absorption du fer chez l’humain, ainsi que la relation entre la ferritine, le statut inflammatoire et les marqueurs du métabolisme du fer, nous avons mené une méta-analyse d’essais contrôlés randomisés provenant de PubMed, Scopus, Medline et Web of Science (à partir de juillet 2022).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Résultats&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ils comptaient 14 essais contrôlés randomisés avec un total de 175 participants. Les résultats ont montré que les taux d’hepcidine après une activité physique étaient nettement plus élevés qu’avant l’exercice (SMD&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;=&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0,46&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;ng/mL ; IC de 95 % : 0,72, −0,19; &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;˂&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0,01, I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;!--&gt;=&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;25 %) ; les taux d’IL-6 étaient nettement plus élevés après une activité physique qu’avant (SMD&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;=&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;1,35&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;P/mL ; intervalle de confiance de 95 % : −1,66, −1,05 ; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;&lt;&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0,00001, I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;!--&gt;=&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;31 %) ; les taux de fer et de ferritine ont augmenté immédiatement après une activité physique, puis ont diminué de manière significative après 3&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;heures d’exercice.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Cela indique qu’après une intervention par entraînement physique, la ferritine et l’IL-6 augmentent de manière significative, et les marqueurs du métabolisme du fer augmentent immédiatement après l’exercice, revenant aux niveaux de base voire plus bas après 3&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;heures.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 196-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in hydrogen research for exercise science: Modulating circadian rhythm, immunity, and athlete recovery","authors":"N. Todorovic ,&nbsp;S.M. Ostojic","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Molecular hydrogen (H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, dihydrogen) has gained significant attention in the scientific community due to its potential therapeutic properties. This review aims to critically evaluate H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;'s capacity to enhance athletes’ immune function, modulate circadian rhythm, and facilitate recovery from exercise-induced fatigue.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;News&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Besides traditional antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity, dihydrogen might enhance athletes’ performance and recovery via several other pathways, including circadian rhythm regulation and cellular homeostasis modulation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Prospects and projects&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;By synthesizing the available literature, we assess H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;'s capacity to enhance athletes’ immune function, modulate circadian rhythm, and facilitate recovery from exercise-induced fatigue. Our review presents a scientific rationale for the potential role of H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; as a novel intervention to optimize athletic performance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Despite limited research in this area, dihydrogen shows potential for improving sports performance and aiding recovery. Additional investigation is necessary to determine the effectiveness of H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in regulating circadian rhythm and promoting quality sleep, and well-designed trials are required to establish its efficacy. In addition, further research is necessary to understand the potential effects of H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; on gene regulation and hormonal balance and to translate the theoretical potential of H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; into practical applications.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectifs&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;L’hydrogène moléculaire (H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, dihydrogène) a attiré l’attention de la communauté scientifique en raison de ses propriétés thérapeutiques potentielles. Cette revue vise à évaluer de manière critique la capacité de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; à améliorer la fonction immunitaire des athlètes, à moduler le rythme circadien et à faciliter la récupération de la fatigue induite par l’exercice.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Nouvelles&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Outre la capacité antioxydante et anti-inflammatoire traditionnelle, le dihydrogène pourrait améliorer les performances et la récupération des athlètes par plusieurs autres voies, notamment la régulation du rythme circadien et la modulation de l’homéostasie cellulaire.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Perspectives et projets&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;En synthétisant la littérature disponible, nous évaluons la capacité de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; à améliorer la fonction immunitaire des athlètes, à moduler le rythme circadien et à faciliter la récupération de la fatigue induite par l’exercice. Notre revue présente une justification scientifique du rôle potentiel de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; en tant que nouvelle intervention pour optimiser les performances sportives.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Malgré des recherches limitées dans ce domaine, le dihydrogène montre un potentiel pour améliorer les performances sportives et favoriser la récupération. Des r","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 224-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prevalence of cardiovascular disease in world-class triathletes: An Internet-based retrospective study","authors":"L. Li ,&nbsp;F. Schnell ,&nbsp;V. Menard ,&nbsp;S. Ding ,&nbsp;F. Carré ,&nbsp;S. Le Douairon Lahaye","doi":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scispo.2024.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Aims&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;To determine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in world-class triathletes according to sex, sport disciplines, and formats.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Male and female athletes from eleven triathlon sport disciplines, ranked in the internationally yearly top 10 between 2006–2019, were included. The athlete's name was associated with key terms related to CVD or cardiac abnormalities in Google search engine.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The prevalence and the hazard function of the variations were calculated. From 1,329 athletes (male 639, 48.08%), 12 cases of CVD were identified (prevalence 0.90%), and the mean age of their occurrence was 29&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;±&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;7 years. One athlete died from sudden cardiac arrest (0.08%), and 4 athletes stopped their sports careers for cardiac reasons. All these severe outcomes were observed in male athletes; a significant difference was found between males and females (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;=&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.03). The prevalence (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;=&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.04) and the hazard function (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;=&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.03) of CVD in short/medium distance were higher than in long- and ultra-long distances. The prevalence in the athletes engaged in multiple types of sports disciplines (3.55%) was significantly higher than those who merely succeeded in one type of sport (0.52%) (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;=&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.002).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The prevalence of severe CVD in male triathletes was higher than females. Athletes in short/medium distance triathlon were more affected than in other disciplines. If confirmed by prospective data, this would warrant close monitoring of those populations.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectif&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Déterminer la prévalence des maladies cardiovasculaires chez les triathlètes de niveau international en fonction du sexe, des disciplines sportives et des formats.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Méthodes&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Des athlètes masculins et féminins de onze disciplines sportives de triathlon, classés dans le top 10 international annuel entre 2006 et 2019, ont été inclus. Le nom de l’athlète a été associé à des termes clés liés aux maladies cardiovasculaires ou aux anomalies cardiaques dans le moteur de recherche Google.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Résultats&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;La prévalence et la fonction de risque des variations ont été calculées. Sur 1329 athlètes (639 hommes, 48.08%), 12 cas de maladies cardiovasculaires ont été identifiés (prévalence de 0.90%), et l’âge moyen de leur survenue était de 29&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;±&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;7 ans. Un athlète est décédé d’un arrêt cardiaque soudain (0.08%) et 4 athlètes ont arrêté leur carrière sportive pour des raisons cardiaques. Toutes ces conséquences graves ont été observées chez les athlètes masculins ; une différence significative a été constatée entre les hommes et les femmes (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;=&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.03). La prévalence (&lt;!--&gt; &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.04) et la fonction de risque (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;=&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.03) des ","PeriodicalId":21728,"journal":{"name":"Science & Sports","volume":"40 2","pages":"Pages 124-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}