Scientia Horticulturae最新文献

{"title":"The potential of sap conduction in the olive tree is linked to aridity conditions of the main cultivation area of varieties and allow to uncover their sensitivity to ongoing climate change.","authors":"Jean-Frédéric Terral ,&nbsp;Pierre Creusot ,&nbsp;Bertrand Limier ,&nbsp;Sarah Ivorra ,&nbsp;Alice Bombeau ,&nbsp;Bruno Bernazeau ,&nbsp;Sylvia Lochon-Menseau ,&nbsp;Mohammed Ater ,&nbsp;Hicham Barbara ,&nbsp;Vincent Girard ,&nbsp;Christian Pinatel ,&nbsp;Laure Paradis ,&nbsp;Juliette Testas ,&nbsp;Jalal Kassout ,&nbsp;Eric Garnier","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the impact of drought, and by extension potential water scarcity, on the potential of sap conduction in the olive tree, the emblematic fruit tree of the Mediterranean Basin. To understand adaptation of sap conduction potential of varieties concerning drought, we focus on wood anatomical traits in trees cultivated in the conservatory orchard of the 'Conservatoire Botanique National Méditerranéen’ (Porquerolles, France) and others from their main cultivation area. Leveraging branch diameter as a key factor influencing anatomical traits, we model density of vessels (DVS) and lumen area of vessels in transverse section (LAV) variation based on branch diameter using regression analyses. Our results show that the pattern of increase in LAV cannot be considered to be dependent on the biogeography and evolutionary history of varieties. But, it is significantly linked to the aridity conditions of the main cultivation area of these varieties. In the perspective of a future drastic increase in aridity, results point to the potential incapacity of varieties from non-irrigated semi-arid zones, to produce vessels large enough to transport sap to the leafy parts of branches, and other varieties from the northern margins of olive distribution area, to modulate conduction in terms of efficiency – safety balance. While some varieties exhibit a robust or moderately plastic phenotype, showing negligible variations in conduction potential with changing aridity in growing conditions, these results concern about the sustainability and future viability of some varieties. More broadly, they raise questions about the olive cultivation sector's resilience in the face of intensifying water stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 113856"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overexpression of BoSULTR1;1/BoSULTR1;2 promotes glucosinolate accumulation and enhances stress tolerance in broccoli","authors":"Xiaofei Zhao ,&nbsp;Hongzhu Su ,&nbsp;Xiangli Kong ,&nbsp;Masami Yokota Hirai ,&nbsp;Xiufeng Yan ,&nbsp;Rui Li ,&nbsp;Jing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113883","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113883","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>SULTR1;1 and SULTR1;2 are high-affinity sulphate transporters that are crucial for sulphate uptake from the soil. Nevertheless, the impact of sulphate absorption mediated by SULTR1;1 and SULTR1;2 on the metabolism of sulfur-containing compounds as well as the physiological processes they are involved in is not yet fully understood. In this study, we cloned the <em>BoSULTR1;1</em> and <em>BoSULTR1;2</em> genes from broccoli (<em>Brassica oleracea</em> var. <em>italica</em>). Overexpression of <em>BoSULTR1;1</em>/<em>BoSULTR1;2</em> in Arabidopsis enhanced sulphate uptake and assimilation, without accumulating the sulphate assimilation product cysteine. Overexpression of <em>BoSULTR1;1</em>/<em>BoSULTR1;2</em> also triggered the upregulation of genes responsible for the biosynthesis of another two sulfur-containing compounds, methionine and glutathione, without leading to their accumulation, rather, it led to the accumulation of the downstream secondary metabolites, glucosinolates. Under normal growth conditions, <em>BoSULTR1;1</em> and <em>BoSULTR1;2</em> are specifically expressed in the roots. However, certain treatments such as wounding, PEG 6000-simulated drought stress, and methyl jasmonate can induce the expression of the two genes in the aerial parts, indicating that BoSULTR1;1/BoSULTR1;2 may not only regulate sulfur uptake but also potentially control the distribution of sulphate in the above-ground tissues and participate in defense against certain adverse environmental cffigonditions. Given that glucosinolates are crucial defense compounds against both biotic and abiotic stresses, we detected stress tolerance in plants overexpressing <em>BoSULTR1;1</em>/<em>BoSULTR1;2.</em> The results revealed that overexpression of <em>BoSULTR1;1</em>/<em>BoSULTR1;2</em> in Arabidopsis significantly enhanced resistance to <em>Helicoverpa armigera</em>, bacteria pathogen <em>Pseudomonas syringae</em> pv. <em>tomato</em> DC3000 and drought stress. Similar results were observed when <em>BoSULTR1;1</em>/<em>BoSULTR1;2</em> was overexpressed in broccoli, indicating a conservative role of BoSULTR1;1/BoSULTR1;2 in Brassicaceae plants. In conclusion, <em>BoSULTR1;1</em> and <em>BoSULTR1;2</em> are effective candidate genes for enhancing sulfur uptake and improving stress resistance in Brassicaceae plants such as broccoli. Their potential applications in agricultural production are highly promising.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 113883"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142821080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of grafting on Cd tolerance and accumulation characteristics of cucumber","authors":"Peixi Yue ,&nbsp;Huihui Wang ,&nbsp;Yongxia Jia ,&nbsp;Rui Xiong ,&nbsp;Shirong Zhang ,&nbsp;Ting Li ,&nbsp;Yulin Pu ,&nbsp;Xiaoxun Xu ,&nbsp;Guiyin Wang ,&nbsp;Xian Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, greenhouse soil has cadmium (Cd) pollution problems, causing serious Cd accumulation in various crops, including cucumber. Grafting is now widely used in greenhouse cucumber production, but the role and mechanism of grafting in regulating Cd accumulation and tolerance of cucumber merits further investigated. We used popular planted cucumber varieties ‘Jinchun No 4’ (Cj) and ‘Lvguan’ (Cl) as scions and the pumpkin varieties ‘Yemu Yixiong’ (Py) and ‘Jingangzuan F1’ (Pj), which are characterized by strong tolerance, weak absorption and low transport capacity of Cd, as rootstocks, to investigate the effect of grafting on Cd tolerance and accumulation in cucumber and its mechanism. Compared with self-rooted cucumber, cucumber grafted onto Py and Pj rootstocks exhibited significantly reduced Cd concentrations in scions and fruits, with improved biomass and fruit quality. There was a slight reduction in Cd concentrations in scions after self-grafting compared to self-rooted cucumber, and this reduction was more significant when Pj was the rootstock. Thus, the reduction effect of grafting was mainly dominated by rootstock effects. Grafting significantly increased the proportions of cell wall Cd, pectate- and protein-bound Cd (FNaCl), and undissolved phosphate-sequestrated Cd (FHAc) of cucumber, whereas it decreased the proportions of Cd in the soluble fractions and organelles as well as inorganic (FE) and water-soluble (FW) Cd. Therefore, grafting cucumber onto ‘Jingangzuan F1’ and ‘Yemu Yixiong’ alleviated Cd accumulation and improved Cd tolerance of cucumber by increasing compartmentalization of Cd in cell walls and promoting conversion of Cd to low-toxicity forms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 113859"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altering growth and antioxidant responses of basil cultivars with aluminum oxide nanoparticles in vitro","authors":"Abeer A. Radi,&nbsp;Fatma A. Farghaly,&nbsp;Aya H. Abd-El-Mageed,&nbsp;Afaf M. Hamada","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has resulted in a significant increase in the production of metal oxide nanoparticles, which are increasingly released into the environment. Due to their widespread distribution, evaluating the potential toxicity of these particles is essential. Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al₂O₃ NPs), in particular, are widely used in various industries and consumer products. Basil, a valuable medicinal herb known for its essential oils and antioxidants, has numerous health benefits. The impact of Al₂O₃ NPs on plants remains largely unexplored. This study investigated the effect of different concentrations of Al₂O₃ NPs and their bulk form (AlCl₃; BP) on the growth of red Rubin and sweet basil cultivars <em>in vitro</em>, focusing on the induction of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant responses. Growth parameters were adversely affected by variations in cultivar, Al particle size, and concentration. The highest reductions occurred at 200 mg L⁻¹ NPs or BPs, with decreases of up to 69.34 % for red Rubin and 63.33 % for sweet basil. Al NPs and BPs reduced chlorophyll <em>a, b,</em> and carotenoid levels. These pigments showed the highest decreases at 200 mg L⁻¹, with reductions of up to 81.92 % for red Rubin and 75.96 % for sweet basil. Al NPs and BPs compromised membrane integrity, inducing oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased electrolyte leakage, UV-absorbing compounds, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) levels. The phenolic and amino acid concentrations in red Rubin basil leaves and roots decreased in response to increasing NP concentrations, while the opposite trend was observed for BPs. Conversely, sweet basil showed a consistent upward trend in phenolic and amino acid levels as Al concentrations increased, irrespective of particle form. The content of soluble proteins in basil leaves and roots declined as the concentrations of NPs and BPs increased. Enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), increased in basil leaves and roots when exposed to rising concentrations of NPs and BPs. Catalase (CAT) activity increased in red Rubin leaves and roots but decreased in sweet basil leaves and roots, with rising concentrations of NPs and BPs. The observed variations in leaf and root growth between the two basil cultivars exposed to different concentrations of Al NPs and BPs suggest that cultivar physiology and particle characteristics play a role. Additional studies are required to clarify these mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 113857"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grapevine and cover crop spectral response to evaluate vineyard spatio-temporal variability","authors":"Pietro Catania,&nbsp;Massimo Vincenzo Ferro,&nbsp;Santo Orlando,&nbsp;Mariangela Vallone","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of cover crops in vineyards is considered a management strategy that contributes to improving soil structure. Remote sensing techniques of cover crops provide information on spatial variability that can be useful in precision viticulture. This study aims to investigate soil-plant interactions using biometric data, spectral response and soil physico-chemical parameters measured across 2021–2022, with the scope of assessing spatio-temporal variations of cover crop and vineyard. These evaluations were conducted on an on-farm vineyard in a semi-arid Mediterranean environment. During the winter season (T1), the cover crop (<em>Vicia Faba</em>) growth was evaluated. Equally, during the summer season (T2), vineyard monitoring was carried out during the phenological stages of flowering (T2A) and grape ripening (T2B). Multispectral images acquired through unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) were employed, and subsequently, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was calculated to obtain crops vigor maps. Through bivariate LISA cluster maps, cover crop vigor maps were compared with those of the vineyard, revealing the presence of significant positive spatial autocorrelation between the two crops. Indeed, in areas where the cover crop exhibited higher dry matter accumulation, grapevine high vigor growth was observed. The spatial association identified in surveys conducted in T1 and T2 was examined considering soil parameters. It emerged that in areas where both the cover crop and the vines exhibited high NDVI values, soil factors such as soil organic carbon (SOC) content and total nitrogen (TN) were higher. Conversely, in areas where both crops showed low NDVI values, they were associated with higher soil bulk density (BD). Moreover, in low vigor zones, higher soil penetration resistance (SPR) values were observed in both T1 and T2, contributing to limiting root elongation and thus reducing overall crop growth. Vegetative growth variability observed through vigor maps and soil physicochemical properties was evaluated through principal component analysis (PCA). Soil parameters considered within these components highlighted their influence on crop growth. This study emphasizes how soil factors directly influence the spatiotemporal variability of crops. Monitoring cover crops allows for early detection of spatial variability, supporting vine growers in choosing sustainable vineyard management techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 113844"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensively assessing the effects of exogenous proline on nutritional and flavour quality of celery (Apium graveolens L.) under salt stress","authors":"Yanqiang Gao,&nbsp;Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Cheng Wang,&nbsp;Nenghui Li,&nbsp;Kaiguo Pu,&nbsp;Tiantian Wang,&nbsp;Miao Zhang,&nbsp;Liangmei Zhang,&nbsp;Jing Li,&nbsp;Jianming Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salt stress is one of the constraints limiting high-yield and high-quality cultivation of vegetables, currently, the effect of exogenous proline on the quality of celery under salt stress is rarely reported. The study aimed to explore the comprehensive effects of exogenous proline application on the quality of celery (<em>Apium graveolens</em> L.) under salt stress. The affiliation function method was used to comprehensively analyze the effects of foliar application of 0.3 mM proline on celery mineral nutrients, amino acids, organic acids, nitrate, dietary fiber, and volatile components under 100 mM NaCl stress. Results showed that exogenous proline application inhibited Na content and nitrate enrichment in celery, and promoted the accumulation of other mineral elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn), glycine, oxalic acid, malic acid, citric acid, lignin, dietary fiber, and aromatic compounds in leaves and petioles under salt stress. In addition, the results of a comprehensive evaluation analysis of the affiliation function indicated that the application of exogenous proline to salt-stressed seedlings was an effective treatment which significantly mitigated the salt-induced detrimental effects. Overall, exogenous proline played a positive role in regulating the balance of mineral elements, accumulation of glycine, accumulation of organic acids, and enrichment of aromatic substances in celery under salt stress. Results from this study provides a theoretical basis for cultivating cultivation of high quality celery under saline conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 113847"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The synergy of ACC deaminase producing plant growth-promoting microbes provide drought tolerance in Ocimum basilicum L. cv. “Saumya”","authors":"Suman Singh ,&nbsp;Shiv Shanker Pandey ,&nbsp;Chandan Singh Chanotiya ,&nbsp;Deepti Barnawal ,&nbsp;Poornima Vajpayee ,&nbsp;Alok Kalra","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of plant growth-promoting microorganisms is an effective agricultural practice to improve plant growth, especially under abiotic stress. In this study, the combined impact of three plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) namely <em>Brevibacterium halotolerans</em> (Sd-6), <em>Burkholderia cepacia</em> (Art-7), <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> (Ldr-2) were tested with <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em> (Th) (possessing ACC deaminase producing activity) in <em>Ocimum basilicum</em> L. cv. “Saumya” to reduce drought-induced damages to the plants under different level of drought stress [i.e. well-watered (100 %), moderate (60 %), severe (40 %)]. These PGPB strains, along with Th, were found to be tolerant against osmotic stress when tested in growth media containing different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG 8000), and all were found to endure -0.99 MPa water potential. Compared to non-inoculated control, Th+Ldr-2 treatment improved fresh herb weight (62.45 %) and oil content (61.54 %) and higher photosynthetic rate under severe drought. Besides, in relation to control, the above treatment enhanced nutrient uptake, reduced ABA, ACC as well as ethylene levels and increased IAA content in addition to an increase in important constituents of essential oil, indicating better performance in terms of plant growth under drought. Higher RWC, decreased MDA, and reduced antioxidant activities in Th+Ldr-2 treated plants compared to non-inoculated control under drought support the mechanism of the microbes providing tolerance against drought. Colony forming unit of microbes and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study support the effective colonisation behaviour of Th+Ldr-2, which protects plants against drought stress. A consortium of diverse microbes, found to improve plant growth under drought through increased nutrient uptake, reducing the levels of ACC and ABA, improving the content of IAA, antioxidant enzymes probably reducing the effect of drought stress and improving plant biomass could be a useful tool to reduce drought-induced losses in crop plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 113810"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The timing and pattern of chill and heat exposure affect the estimation of agroclimatic requirements and adaptability potential in Prunus cultivars","authors":"Alvaro Delgado ,&nbsp;Jose A. Egea ,&nbsp;Jesús López-Alcolea ,&nbsp;José Antonio Campoy ,&nbsp;David Ruiz","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of anomalies can occur in temperate fruit trees cultivated in mild winter regions where the fulfilment of chill requirements can be compromised in some seasons. Some symptoms include erratic bud break, bud abortion and ultimately, low fruit set. In this work, we experimentally determined the chill and heat requirements of 14 <em>Prunus</em> spp. cultivars, including apricot, almond and peach, across two locations with varying levels of chill and heat accumulation (cold/mild versus warm climatic conditions) during two successive growing seasons in Murcia (South-Eastern Spain). Chill accumulation varied considerably among the studied sites and seasons. In general, for the same cultivar, chill requirements (CR) were lower and heat requirements (HR) were higher in warm locations compared to cold/mild locations. Moreover, the results indicated that year-to-year fluctuations in both total amount of chill and chill exposure patterns had an impact on the quantification of CR and HR, particularly in warm areas. To understand the effect of the amount and dynamics of chill accumulation in the adaptability of the same cultivar in contrasting environments, we evaluated two climatic adaptation variables: the percentage of flower buds reaching flowers and the percentage of fruit set. Overall, the correlation between the initial number of flower buds and fruit set was notably stronger during the season with higher chill accumulation, especially in warm locations. The most obvious symptoms of poor adaptability caused by the lack of chill were observed during the season on which the accumulation of chill during November and December was particularly scarce. This information suggests that in chill-limited situations, the timing and pattern of chill accumulation rather than the total amount of chill during the season affects dormancy release, flowering and productivity. Finally, the results appear to show a distinct phenotypic plasticity in response to chill exposure among cultivars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 113910"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach for enhancing sprouting to increase yield and its mechanism in Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.","authors":"Jianfei Liu,&nbsp;Kezhuo Fu,&nbsp;Boyao Li,&nbsp;Qiaoxin Wang,&nbsp;Yang Cao,&nbsp;Yaguang Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Fraxinus mandshurica</em> is a valuable timber and landscaping tree species in northern China. However, its clonal propagation faces significant challenges, including limited sprouting of young mother trees, insufficient scion sources, low yields and short usage cycles. This study introduced a novel method to promote sprouting in <em>F. mandshurica</em>, focusing on factors like trunk cutting, continuous rejuvenation and leaf trimming. The method initially determined the optimal conditions for trunk cutting, considering tree age, height, and timing. Plants that met these conditions were then subjected to coppicing, basal girdling and hormone sprays rejuvenation treatments in sequence. Leaf trimming was conducted during sprouting branches collection. The results showed that for trees over 4 years old, trunk cutting treatment was performed 30∼50 cm above the ground 3 weeks after sap flow in spring, followed by rejuvenation treatment (coppicing + basal girdling + hormone sprays), which improved the cutting yield by 10.4-fold. Furthermore, retaining a pair of axillary buds at the base while removing the compound leaves during branch harvesting can increase cutting yield by an additional 47.1 %. This approach effectively promoted sprouting and produced cuttings suitable for propagation. To further elucidate the mechanism of sprouting promotion, the hormone levels and key gene expression during shoot regeneration after <em>F. mandshurica</em> trunk cutting were analyzed, leading to the identification of the key shoot regeneration gene <em>FmESR1</em>. By transforming the <em>F. mandshurica</em> hypocotyl with <em>FmESR1</em>, overexpressing transgenic plants were obtained. Combined with the changes in adventitious shoot development, hormone levels and regeneration-related gene expression, it was revealed that <em>FmESR1</em> played a crucial role in shoot regeneration. Thus, it was concluded that sprouting promotion significantly improved regeneration ability and cutting yield by activating the expression of <em>FmESR1</em>. This technology lays a solid foundation for the efficient reproduction and widespread application of superior and new varieties of <em>F. mandshurica</em>. The elucidation of <em>FmESR1</em> function not only enriches the theoretical understanding of shoot regeneration and the gene function database but also provides theoretical and technical support for asexual propagation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 113897"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation of Camellia oleifera fruit traits and nutritional constituents in seed oil during development and post-harvest","authors":"Qingbo Kong ,&nbsp;Tao Chen ,&nbsp;Heng Wang ,&nbsp;Shiheng Zheng ,&nbsp;Haizhou Wang ,&nbsp;Heng Liang ,&nbsp;Lijun Zhou ,&nbsp;Hongyu Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Jiang ,&nbsp;Chunbang Ding ,&nbsp;Shiling Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Camellia oleifera</em> Abel<em>.</em> is a unique and important edible oil crop in China. The quality and high yield of <em>C. oleifera</em> are closely related to cultivation, management and back-end processing and storage. However, studies on the growth and development, drying treatment and back-end storage of <em>C. oleifera</em> are not comprehensive enough. Therefore, the phenotypic characteristics of <em>C.oleifera</em> fruits during growth and ripening were studied and the effects of four different drying methods including room temperature drying (SW), hot air drying (RF, 65 °C), vacuum drying (ZG, 50 °C, 0.6 Mpa) and freeze drying (LD) on the oil content of <em>C.oleifera</em> seeds (COS) were discussed. At the same time, the changes of the main components and nutrients of <em>C.oleifera</em> kernel oil (COKO) under room temperature storage (SG) and 4 °C frozen storage (LC) were also investigated. The results of the study showed that <em>C. oleifera</em> cultivar ‘Changlin40’ exhibited an S-shaped curve in fruit growth and development. In addition, the oil content initially increased and then remained stable, and the soluble protein and starch contents increased with increasing fruit maturity, but the soluble sugar content increased rapidly at the early stage of fruit development and gradually decreased at the later stage. The maximum content of squalene in the oil obtained by vacuum drying was 80.578 μg/g. The oil content of COS treated by RF was 55.31%, significantly higher than the other treatments. In addition, it was also found that with increasing duration of SG, the acid and peroxide values of COKO increased significantly and the nutrients such as tocopherol, squalene and sterol decreased significantly, which was exactly the opposite of LC, indicating that LC could reduce the loss of nutrients during storage. This study can provide a theoretical basis for field management, screening of drying methods and subsequent storage of <em>C. oleifera</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 113903"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}