Scientia Horticulturae最新文献

{"title":"The cross compatibility and endogenous hormone variation of distant hybridization between lagerstroemia indica and lythrum salicaria","authors":"Wenhui Li ,&nbsp;Yan Xu ,&nbsp;Jie Yan ,&nbsp;Yongmei Guo ,&nbsp;Ming Cai ,&nbsp;Qixiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Distant hybridization, a widely utilized technique in plant breeding, can enhance the genetic diversity and integration of desirable traits. However, the presence of reproductive isolation often leads to incompatibility issues at various stages of hybridization. To elucidate the barriers and potential strategies for overcoming distant hybridization between <em>Lagerstroemia indica</em> and <em>Lythrum salicaria</em>, this study investigated pre-fertilization compatibility, the optimal concentrations of GA₃ and 6-BA solutions for fruit retention, and the dynamic changes in endogenous hormones within the ovary during different hybridization stages. Fluorescence microscopy analysis of pollen tube growth revealed distinct pre-fertilization barriers in reciprocal hybridizations between L. <em>indica</em> and L. <em>salicaria</em>, resulting in varying degrees of fruit abscission. Fruit retention experiments of L. <em>indica</em> × <em>L. salicaria</em> demonstrated that a 250 mg·L⁻¹ GA₃ solution was most effective in reducing fruit abscission, achieving a fruit-setting rate of 78 % by the 30th day post-pollination. Quantitative analysis of endogenous hormones using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) indicated that, on the first day post-pollination, insufficient IAA levels, coupled with elevated ABA and SA concentrations, may contribute to abnormal embryonic development and excessive fruit abscission. In contrast, following GA₃ treatment, IAA and GA₃ levels increased significantly, while ABA content decreased markedly on the first day post-pollination. Hybrid incompatibility responses involve marked changes in specific phytohormones including CKs, Auxin, JAs, ABA, and GAs. Notably, exogenous GA₃ application in cross pollination has shown efficacy in restoring these hormonal concentrations to levels comparable with those detected during self-pollination events. Cluster analysis further revealed that the concentrations of Auxin, GAs and CKs in the ovaries of the GA₃-treated hybrid pollination group exhibited significant variations at 1, 7, and 14 days after pollination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 114347"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capsicum annuum in vertical indoor farming: yield and capsaicinoid responses to reduced light and additional UV-A","authors":"Sabine Wittmann ,&nbsp;Ivonne Wittmann ,&nbsp;Inga Mewis ,&nbsp;Nadja Förster ,&nbsp;Senthold Asseng ,&nbsp;Heike Mempel","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Capsaicinoids, biosynthesized in pepper fruits (<em>Capsicum annuum</em>), are valuable compounds with diverse industrial applications. Their consistent production is essential but influenced by environmental factors such as light intensity and spectrum. Vertical indoor farming (VIF) systems offer precise environmental control over growing conditions, especially light, yet high energy costs often necessitate reduced light intensities. While peppers are light-demanding plants, their integration into VIF systems requires a balance between energy input and crop performance. To evaluate the feasibility of cultivating <em>Capsicum annuum</em> under energy-saving conditions, we investigated the effects of two reduced light intensities (250 / 500 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹) on fruit yield and quality across two chili pepper cultivars and one bell pepper in VIF conditions. Additionally, we assessed whether supplemental UV-A exposure at 500 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ could enhance capsaicinoid accumulation.</div><div>Capsaicinoid content per unit dry fruit mass was not significantly affected by light intensity or UV-A as main effects. However, a significant interaction between cultivar and treatment indicated genotype-specific responses. Medium light intensity (500 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹) significantly increased net photosynthesis and fruit number, resulting in 33–57 % higher dry fruit yield (12.5–29.2 g_DW plant⁻¹) compared to the lower intensity (250 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹), and led to a corresponding increase in capsaicinoid yield per area, depending on cultivar. Light levels of 500 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ are necessary to maximize yield and capsaicinoid output in VIF, while cultivar selection plays a critical role in determining compound accumulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 114364"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fruit cuticle composition influences susceptibility of peach (Prunus persica) fruit to brown rot (Monilinia fructicola)","authors":"Celia M. Cantín ,&nbsp;Jana Leide ,&nbsp;Aline Xavier De Souza ,&nbsp;Amauri Bueno ,&nbsp;Eustaquio Gil","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brown rot, caused by <em>Monilinia</em> spp., is the most significant disease affecting stone fruits, including <em>Prunus persica</em> (peach). In Europe, <em>Monilinia fructicola</em> and <em>Monilinia laxa</em> are the primary species responsible for the disease, with <em>M. fructicola</em> becoming dominant in the Ebro Valley, a major peach production area in Spain. The fruit cuticle serves as the first line of defense against external threats and may play a key role in determining susceptibility to <em>Monilinia</em> spp. This study investigated the influence of fruit cuticular components (both cuticular waxes and cutin) on the susceptibility to <em>M. fructicola</em> in 21 Spanish <em>P. persica</em> cultivars, with a variable susceptibility to <em>Monilinia</em> spp., from the National Peach Collection at CITA (Zaragoza, Spain). The results indicate that both cuticular waxes and the cutin matrix significantly influence fruit susceptibility to <em>M. fructicola</em>. Specifically, several cuticular wax compounds, including pentacyclic triterpenoids and very-long-chain alkanols, as well as certain cutin monomers, were strongly negatively correlated with susceptibility to <em>M. fructicola</em>. These findings underscore the crucial role of cuticular components in fruit defense against <em>M. fructicola</em> and suggests that introgression of these traits could help breed cultivars with reduced susceptibility to <em>Monilinia</em> spp.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 114341"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of cultivation methods and leaf age on protoplast isolation efficiency in Calibrachoa hybrida","authors":"Guanqun Chen ,&nbsp;Meiling Li ,&nbsp;Xiangxin Guo ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protoplast isolation is vital for plant cell biology and genetic engineering, but its efficiency remains constrained by poorly defined explant selection and physiological variability. This study investigated how cell wall composition and oxidative stress influence protoplast yield and viability in <em>Calibrachoa hybrida</em>. Leaves from plants under different cultivation method and leaf age were evaluated. Among all tested materials, 2-wk-old regenerated leaves yielded the highest protoplast concentration (8.63×10⁶·g⁻¹) and viability (98 %), with minimal cellular damage. The protoplast yield and viability of older regenerated leaves, potted-grown leaves and sterilized plant leaves were decreased. Biochemical analyses revealed that the optimal explant had the lowest cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin levels. Soluble pectin content was notably higher than in potted plants. Correlation analysis showed a strong negative relationship between hemicellulose content and protoplast yield (<em>r</em>=-0.90). Hemicellulose-to-pectins ratio exhibited a perfect negative correlation to both of yield and viability. Oxidative stress markers, especially for hydroxyl radicals (OH·) significantly inhibited yield and viability, highlighting their cytotoxic effects. H₂O₂ content positively correlated with cellulose and hemicellulose, suggesting a link between oxidative stress and cell wall rigidity. Additionally, the leaf textures, such as color, tenderness and glossiness, were closely linked to the dynamic balance of cell wall components and oxidative status, further explaining the superiority of regenerated plants leaves. This study establishes biochemical benchmarks for explant selection and offers mechanistic insights into the interplay between ROS signaling and wall metabolism, providing a foundation for improved isolation protocols in ornamental and other plant species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 114369"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological response and comprehensive evaluation of pumpkin rootstock resources to salt stress","authors":"Weirong Luo ,&nbsp;Junjun Liu ,&nbsp;Haixia Zhou ,&nbsp;Yaoguang Sun ,&nbsp;Bihua Chen ,&nbsp;Xinzheng Li ,&nbsp;Shenshen Zhi ,&nbsp;Yulong Wang ,&nbsp;Yongdong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salt stress seriously threats the high-yield and high-quality cultivation of cucumber in protected environments. Screening salt-tolerance pumpkin rootstocks for grafting cucumber is an effective strategy to solve this problem. In this study, we investigated the morphological characteristics and growth performance of 22 pumpkin rootstock resources at the germination stage under 160 mmol/L NaCl stress, using five pumpkin commercial rootstock varieties as controls. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA), membership function and cluster analysis were employed to comprehensively assess the salt tolerance of these pumpkin materials. The results identified seven pumpkin rootstock resources with salt tolerance and ten with intermediate salt tolerance. Moreover, the morphological characteristics and physiological indexes of 11 pumpkin rootstock resources were examined at the seedling stage under NaCl stress, using five pumpkin commercial rootstock varieties as controls. The findings indicated that growth indexes of pumpkin seedlings under 160 mmol /L NaCl stress were all lower compared to the control group, with varying tolerance levels among different pumpkin materials. NaCl stress reduced chlorophyll content (Chl), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr), while increased electrical conductivity (EC), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), the contents of proline (Pro), soluble sugar (SS) and soluble protein (SP) of pumpkin seedlings, compared to the control group. Furthermore, seven pumpkin rootstock resources with salt tolerance and three with intermediate salt tolerance were identified at the seedling stage using PCA, membership function and cluster analysis. Additionally, it was found that Z6, Z7 and Z12 exhibited good graft affinity with cucumber. J/Z7 and J/Z12 displayed higher yield per plant, total yield per hectare, vitamin C contents and the highest SP contents, while J/Z6 and J/Z7 showed higher total phenolics and flavonoid contents, which were significantly higher than those of self-rooted cucumber. Our findings not only provided a theoretical basis for screening the salt-tolerant pumpkin rootstocks, but also suggested that Z6, Z7 and Z12 were the potential candidate rootstocks for cucumber cultivation in saline soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 114319"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VvWRKY72 transcription factor increases susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea in transgenic Arabidopsis and grape plants","authors":"Jinyuan Li ,&nbsp;Lijuan Li ,&nbsp;Tingting Zhang ,&nbsp;Lihong Hao ,&nbsp;Huilan Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulfur dioxide-based preservation is the most widely used and effective method for storing table grapes (<em>Vitis vinifera</em> L.), triggering a transcriptional response of the defense-related genes. In this study, we selected a previously uncharacterized SO₂-responsive gene, <em>VvWRKY72</em>, from RNA-seq data to characterize it using transgenic <em>Arabidopsis</em> and grape plants. The <em>VvWRKY72</em> gene encodes a 605-amino acid protein with one WRKY domain belonging to the group IIb WRKY subfamily. <em>VvWRKY72</em> was expressed in various grape tissues; however, higher levels of expression were detected in roots, mature leaves, and mature fruit skins. The <em>VvWRKY72</em> gene responded to low temperature, phytohormone methyl jasmonate, and <em>Botrytis cinerea</em>. In transgenic <em>Arabidopsis</em> plants overexpressing <em>VvWRKY72</em>, VvWRKY72-GFP was localized in the nucleus<em>. B. cinerea</em> caused severe yellowing and necrotic lesions in leaves of transgenic <em>Arabidopsis</em> plants overexpressing <em>VvWRKY72</em>, which were accompanied by reduced antioxidant enzyme activities, elevated levels of H₂O₂ and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased cell death. Meanwhile, the transgenic plants exhibited decreased callose deposition, heightened activities of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs), and downregulated jasmonic acid (JA) signaling genes (<em>AtLOX3, AtAOC3, AtOPR3, AtORA59, AtPDF1.2</em>, and <em>AtPR3</em>), as well as related chitinase (CHI) activity following <em>B. cinerea</em> inoculation. Similarly, after inoculation with <em>B. cinerea</em>, the leaves of <em>VvWRKY72</em>-overexpressing grape plants exhibited severe disease symptoms, along with downregulation of antioxidant and JA-responsive genes, and upregulation of genes encoding PCWDEs. Conversely, silencing of <em>VvWRKY72</em> enhanced resistance of grape plant to <em>B. cinerea</em>. Therefore, we speculated that <em>VvWRKY72</em> played negative regulatory roles in <em>B. cinerea</em> infection by impairing reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, JA-mediated defense and cell wall-associated defenses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 114359"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of X-ray sorting and priming improves the germination performance of low-quality seed fractions of the Papaccella pepper landrace","authors":"Angelo Granata ,&nbsp;Marta Pérez ,&nbsp;Tina Steinbrecher ,&nbsp;Fiore Capozzi ,&nbsp;Karolis Kondrotas ,&nbsp;Li Zhang ,&nbsp;Valeria Spagnuolo ,&nbsp;Gerhard Leubner-Metzger","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High seed quality, important for seed storage, germination performance and crop production, is required for vegetable production including pepper (<em>Capsicum annum</em>). Many vegetable landraces such as the yellow Papaccella pepper cultivar (PY) from the Campania region in South Italy, have low seedlot quality. Using a PY seedlot with poor seed quality we demonstrate that it can be improved to high-quality level by a combination of X-ray imaging, targeted seed priming of identified medium-quality fractions, combined with elimination of the identified low-quality fractions. Non-destructive soft X-ray imaging combined with classical (ImageJ) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) deep learning models was used to identify and fractionate the PY pepper seedlot into distinct groups based on the relative proportion of the embryo+endosperm (EE) compartment in relation to the entire seed. Comparative analysis of these morphologically distinct groups for their germination performance and ageing resilience revealed that they represent physiologically distinct quality groups. Group 1 seeds (EE &gt;90 %) were high-quality seeds with excellent performance which did not require any post-harvest treatment. Group 2 seeds (EE 75–90 %) were good quality seeds for which a post-harvest priming treatment improved their germination performance to the level of group 1. Groups 3 (EE&lt;75 %), 4 (EE abnormalities) were low-quality seeds which can’t be improved, but can be identified by X-ray imaging and discarded. We propose that the established method and criteria can be transferred easily to seedlots of other horticultural species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 114370"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiomics analysis reveals a gene regulatory network at the intersection of multiple pathways during the late stage of pear flower development","authors":"Wanping Wu ,&nbsp;Yubo Yuan ,&nbsp;Luhan Sun ,&nbsp;Zewen Wang ,&nbsp;Xuxu Wang ,&nbsp;Hao Yin ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Jia ,&nbsp;Kaijie Qi ,&nbsp;Zhihua Xie ,&nbsp;Xu Zhang ,&nbsp;Peng Wang ,&nbsp;Shaoling Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over their evolution, plants have developed complex and precise mechanisms to regulate flowering, utilizing both internal factors within the plants themselves and external factors in the environment. Moreover, pathways such as those regulating plant stem cells, hormones, and volatile compound synthesis and metabolism are all involved in controlling flowering. However, to date, few comprehensive analyses of the core pathways involved in the flowering process have been reported. In this study, the volatile compound and hormone contents in pear blossoms at seven post-physiological differentiation stages (i.e., in the late stage of flower development) were assessed. The total volatile compound content varied greatly, ranging from 77.8 to 442.8 ng/g, and were mainly divided into seven main categories: alcohols, alkanes, ketones, terpenoids, aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, and aldehydes. The contents of the different types of compounds varied significantly. The content of gibberellin (GA) gradually decreased during pear blossom development and was significantly positively correlated with the flower volatile aldehyde and aromatic contents. Exogenous treatment with a 20 mg/L GA solution promoted flowering, whereas treatment with a 50 mg/L GA solution inhibited flowering. In addition, GA treatment changed the composition of volatile compounds, with significantly higher total and aldehyde contents than in the control group. By further integrating transcriptomics, hormonomics, and HS-SPME–GC–MS metabolomics, we identified 466 key genes involved in the pear blossom development process, including 13 core genes. This study provides profile of the pear flowering process at the gene transcript level, as well as hormone and volatile metabolism profiles for the pear flowering process, and lays a foundation for further analysis of the molecular and genetic mechanisms of pear flowering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 114371"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gibberellin improved the health-promoting properties of American ginseng sprouts","authors":"Jingyu Liu ,&nbsp;Yantong Shi ,&nbsp;Shunli Wang ,&nbsp;Jingqi Xue ,&nbsp;Caihuan Tian ,&nbsp;Xueping Liao ,&nbsp;Yufan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiuxia Ren ,&nbsp;Xiuxin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>American ginseng (<em>Panax quinquefolius</em>) is a perennial herb of the Araliaceae family with various pharmacological activities, including antioxidative, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects. The young seedlings, called American ginseng sprouts, have enormous market potential. However, the long dormancy periods of their seeds is a major factor that limits the production of sprouts. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of gibberellin 3 (GA₃) on germination, growth, as well as nutritional and medicinal values of American ginseng sprouts. Chemical analysis, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Quadrupole TOF mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) and multivariate statistical analysis were used to explore the metabolic changes of American ginseng at different growth stages. The results showed that GA₃ substantially enhanced the germination of seeds and the growth of sprouts. The roots of American ginseng sprouts contain high levels of nutritional compounds, such as proteins, sugars, and vitamin C, and functional composition, including saponins, polysaccharides, and phenolics. All of those components and their capacity to act as antioxidants were enhanced by the GA₃ treatment. Moreover, metabolite profiling was also performed on the roots of American ginseng sprouts. A total of 142 compounds were identified, which were divided into 6 groups, including 8 amino acids, 8 fatty acids, 8 saccharides, 37 organic acids, 67 saponins, and 14 other metabolites, with high nutritional value and various pharmacological effects. The active metabolites were the most abundant and varied in the 60-day-old sprout roots, which suggests the potential harvest time of American ginseng should be 60 d. This study provides a new concept for the development of a new market for American ginseng.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 114373"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145003665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of evapotranspiration models integrating convolutional neural network-predicted leaf area for Pak Choi (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis) in greenhouse environments","authors":"Young-Bae Choi ,&nbsp;In-bok Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates how predicted leaf area index (LAI) affects evapotranspiration (ET) model performance and uncertainty in greenhouse Pak Choi cultivation. Five ET models (Penman-Monteith, Stanghellini, Fynn, Shin, and Baille) were compared using both measured and Convolutional Neural Network-Predicted LAI data. Greenhouse environment experiments from June to August 2021 provided validation data under controlled conditions. LAI was estimated using image analysis with high accuracy (R² = 0.9986, RMSE = 0.0547 m²·m⁻²). Sensitivity analysis revealed that ET models were most responsive to radiation and LAI variations, with lower sensitivity to air temperature and relative humidity. Among physical models, the Fynn model demonstrated superior performance based on ET prediction accuracy (R² &gt; 0.87), while the Shin model excelled among simplified approaches (R² &gt; 0.92). Uncertainty propagation analysis revealed that the Stanghellini model exhibited the highest sensitivity to LAI estimation errors (12.55 W·m⁻² error when LAI error = 1.0 m²·m⁻²), whereas the Penman–Monteith model showed minimal sensitivity. Model performance remained consistent when using predicted versus measured LAI (R² &gt; 0.99 for all models), indicating the robustness of image-based LAI estimation for ET modelling. This research provides quantitative insights into model selection and uncertainty assessment for precision irrigation management in protected cultivation systems, with particular applicability to leafy vegetable crops under controlled greenhouse conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 114339"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}