Science Advances最新文献

{"title":"Reconstructing historical climate fields with deep learning","authors":"Nils Bochow,&nbsp;Anna Poltronieri,&nbsp;Martin Rypdal,&nbsp;Niklas Boers","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adp0558","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adp0558","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Historical records of climate fields are often sparse because of missing measurements, especially before the introduction of large-scale satellite missions. Several statistical and model-based methods have been introduced to fill gaps and reconstruct historical records. Here, we use a recently introduced deep learning approach based on Fourier convolutions, trained on numerical climate model output, to reconstruct historical climate fields. Using this approach, we are able to realistically reconstruct large and irregular areas of missing data and to reproduce known historical events, such as strong El Niño or La Niña events, with very little given information. Our method outperforms the widely used statistical kriging method, as well as other recent machine learning approaches. The model generalizes to higher resolutions than the ones it was trained on and can be used on a variety of climate fields. Moreover, it allows inpainting of masks never seen before during the model training.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adp0558","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural dynamics-guided engineering of a riboswitch RNA for evolving c-di-AMP synthases","authors":"Dian Chen,&nbsp;Jun Li,&nbsp;You Wu,&nbsp;Liang Hong,&nbsp;Yu Liu","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adt8165","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adt8165","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Cyclic diadenosine monophosphate (C-di-AMP) synthases are key enzymes for synthesizing c-di-AMP, a potent activator of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) immune pathway. However, characterizing these enzymes has been hampered by the lack of effective sensors. While c-di-AMP riboswitches, as natural aptamers, hold the potential as RNA biosensors, their poorly comprehended structural dynamics and inherent \"OFF\" genetic output pose substantial challenges. To address these limitations, we synthesized over 10 fluorophore-labeled samples to probe the conformational changes of the riboswitch at the single-molecule level. By integrating these dynamic findings with steady-state fluorescence titration, mutagenesis, in vivo assays, and strand displacement strategy, we transformed the natural aptamer into a c-di-AMP biosensor. This engineered biosensor reversed its genetic output from \"OFF\" to \"ON\" upon c-di-AMP binding, exhibiting a 50-fold improvement in the c-di-AMP detection limit. Leveraging this refined biosensor, we developed a robust strategy for high-throughput in vivo evolution of c-di-AMP synthases.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adt8165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroecology of alcohol risk and reward: Methanol boosts pheromones and courtship success in Drosophila melanogaster","authors":"Ian W. Keesey,&nbsp;Georg Doll,&nbsp;Sudeshna Das Chakraborty,&nbsp;Amelie Baschwitz,&nbsp;Marion Lemoine,&nbsp;Martin Kaltenpoth,&nbsp;Aleš Svatoš,&nbsp;Silke Sachse,&nbsp;Markus Knaden,&nbsp;Bill S. Hansson","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adi9683","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adi9683","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Attraction of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> toward by-products of alcoholic fermentation, especially ethanol, has been extensively studied. Previous research has provided several interpretations of this attraction, including potential drug abuse, or a self-medicating coping strategy after mate rejection. We posit that the ecologically adaptive value of alcohol attraction has not been fully explored. Here, we assert a simple yet vital biological rationale for this alcohol preference. Flies display attraction to fruits rich in alcohol, specifically ethanol and methanol, where contact results in a rapid amplification of fatty acid–derived pheromones that enhance courtship success. We also identify olfactory sensory neurons that detect these alcohols, where we reveal roles in both attraction and aversion, and show that valence is balanced around alcohol concentration. Moreover, we demonstrate that methanol can be deadly, and adult flies must therefore accurately weigh the trade-off between benefits and costs for exposure within their naturally fermented and alcohol-rich environments.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adi9683","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current crowding–free superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors","authors":"Stefan Strohauer,&nbsp;Fabian Wietschorke,&nbsp;Christian Schmid,&nbsp;Stefanie Grotowski,&nbsp;Lucio Zugliani,&nbsp;Björn Jonas,&nbsp;Kai Müller,&nbsp;Jonathan J. Finley","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adt0502","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adt0502","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Detecting single photons is essential for applications such as dark matter detection, quantum science and technology, and biomedical imaging. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) excel in this task due to their near-unity detection efficiency, subhertz dark count rates, and picosecond timing jitter. However, a local increase of current density (current crowding) in the bends of meander-shaped SNSPDs limits these performance metrics. By locally irradiating the SNSPD’s straight segments with helium ions while leaving the bends unirradiated, we realize current crowding–free SNSPDs with simultaneously enhanced sensitivity: After irradiation with 800 ions nm⁻², locally irradiated SNSPDs showed a relative saturation plateau width of 37%, while fully irradiated SNSPDs reached only 10%. This larger relative plateau width allows operation at lower relative bias currents, thereby reducing the dark count rate while still detecting single photons efficiently. We achieve an internal detection efficiency of 94% with 7 mHz dark count rate near the onset of saturating detection efficiency for a wavelength of 780 nm.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adt0502","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preemptive optimization of a clinical antibody for broad neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants and robustness against viral escape","authors":"Fangqiang Zhu,&nbsp;Saravanan Rajan,&nbsp;Conor F. Hayes,&nbsp;Ka Yin Kwong,&nbsp;Andre R. Goncalves,&nbsp;Adam T. Zemla,&nbsp;Edmond Y. Lau,&nbsp;Yi Zhang,&nbsp;Yingyun Cai,&nbsp;John W. Goforth,&nbsp;Mikel Landajuela,&nbsp;Pavlo Gilchuk,&nbsp;Michael Kierny,&nbsp;Andrew Dippel,&nbsp;Bismark Amofah,&nbsp;Gilad Kaplan,&nbsp;Vanessa Cadevilla Peano,&nbsp;Christopher Morehouse,&nbsp;Ben Sparklin,&nbsp;Vancheswaran Gopalakrishnan,&nbsp;Kevin M. Tuffy,&nbsp;Amy Nguyen,&nbsp;Jagadish Beloor,&nbsp;Gustavo Kijak,&nbsp;Chang Liu,&nbsp;Aiste Dijokaite-Guraliuc,&nbsp;Juthathip Mongkolsapaya,&nbsp;Gavin R. Screaton,&nbsp;Brenden K. Petersen,&nbsp;Thomas A. Desautels,&nbsp;Drew Bennett,&nbsp;Simone Conti,&nbsp;Brent W. Segelke,&nbsp;Kathryn T. Arrildt,&nbsp;Samantha Kaul,&nbsp;Emilia A. Grzesiak,&nbsp;Felipe Leno da Silva,&nbsp;Thomas W. Bates,&nbsp;Christopher G. Earnhart,&nbsp;Svetlana Hopkins,&nbsp;Shivshankar Sundaram,&nbsp;Mark T. Esser,&nbsp;Joseph R. Francica,&nbsp;Daniel M. Faissol,&nbsp;LLNL Generative Unconstrained Intelligent Drug Engineering (GUIDE) consortium","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adu0718","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adu0718","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Most previously authorized clinical antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have lost neutralizing activity to recent variants due to rapid viral evolution. To mitigate such escape, we preemptively enhance AZD3152, an antibody authorized for prophylaxis in immunocompromised individuals. Using deep mutational scanning (DMS) on the SARS-CoV-2 antigen, we identify AZD3152 vulnerabilities at antigen positions F456 and D420. Through two iterations of computational antibody design that integrates structure-based modeling, machine-learning, and experimental validation, we co-optimize AZD3152 against 24 contemporary and previous SARS-CoV-2 variants, as well as 20 potential future escape variants. Our top candidate, 3152-1142, restores full potency (100-fold improvement) against the more recently emerged XBB.1.5+F456L variant that escaped AZD3152, maintains potency against previous variants of concern, and shows no additional vulnerability as assessed by DMS. This preemptive mitigation demonstrates a generalizable approach for optimizing existing antibodies against potential future viral escape.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adu0718","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomy of a foreseeable disaster: Lessons from the 2023 dam-breaching flood in Derna, Libya","authors":"Moshe Armon,&nbsp;Yuval Shmilovitz,&nbsp;Elad Dente","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adu2865","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adu2865","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Was the catastrophic flooding in Derna, Libya—one of the deadliest hydrometeorological disasters on record—an inevitable outcome of rare weather conditions, or did the design of the infrastructure fail to account for probable risks? On 10 to 11 September 2023, Storm Daniel, a Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone, caused heavy rainfall that led to the collapse of two dams and more than 5000 casualties in Derna. Using a combination of atmospheric reanalysis, satellite data, and hydrologic modeling, we overcame key limitations typical of data-scarce, high-variability regions and revealed that despite the catastrophic impact, the return periods of the rainfall and flood were only a few decades. Hydraulic simulations revealed that the dam failures amplified the damage nearly 20-fold compared to a dam-free scenario. With extensive and timely implications, our findings underscore the importance of uncertainty-aware risk assessment and highlight the value of distributed flood prevention and early warning systems in mitigating risks in vulnerable regions.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adu2865","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scalable fabrication of Chip-integrated 3D-nanostructured electronic devices via DNA-programmable assembly","authors":"Aaron Michelson,&nbsp;Lior Shani,&nbsp;Jason S. Kahn,&nbsp;Daniel C. Redeker,&nbsp;Won-Il Lee,&nbsp;Katerina R. DeOlivares,&nbsp;Kim Kisslinger,&nbsp;Nikhil Tiwale,&nbsp;Hanfei Yan,&nbsp;Ajith Pattammattel,&nbsp;Chang-Yong Nam,&nbsp;Vlad S. Pribiag,&nbsp;Oleg Gang","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adt5620","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adt5620","url":null,"abstract":"<div >DNA-based self-assembly methods have demonstrated powerful and unique capabilities to encode nanomaterial structures through the prescribed placement of inorganic and biological nanocomponents. However, the challenge of selectively growing DNA superlattices on specific locations of surfaces and their integration with conventional nanofabrication has hindered the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) DNA-assembled functional devices. Here, we present a scalable nanofabrication technique that combines bottom-up and top-down approaches for selective growth of 3D DNA superlattices on gold microarrays. This approach allows for the fabrication of self-assembled 3D-nanostructured electronic devices. DNA strands are bound onto the gold arrays, which anchor DNA origami frames and promote ordered framework growth on the specific areas of the surface, enabling control of the lateral placement and orientation of superlattices. DNA frameworks selectively grown on the pads are subsequently templated to nanoscale silica and tin oxide (SnO_x) that follow the architecture, as confirmed by structural and chemical characterizations. The fabricated SnO_x superlattices are integrated into devices that demonstrate photocurrent response.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adt5620","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Untethered subcentimeter flying robots","authors":"Fanping Sui,&nbsp;Wei Yue,&nbsp;Kamyar Behrouzi,&nbsp;Yuan Gao,&nbsp;Mark Mueller,&nbsp;Liwei Lin","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.ads6858","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.ads6858","url":null,"abstract":"<div >The miniaturization of insect-scale flying robots with untethered flights is extremely challenging as the tradeoff between mass and power becomes problematic. Here, a subcentimeter rotating-wing robot of 21 mg in weight and 9.4 mm in wingspan driven by a single-axis alternating magnetic field has accomplished navigable flights. This artificial flying robot is the lightest and smallest to realize untethered and controllable aerial travels including hovering, collision recovery, and route adjustments. Experimentally, it has achieved a high aerodynamic efficacy with a measured lift-to-drag ratio of 0.7 and lift–to–flying power ratio of 7.2 × 10⁻² N/W at a Reynolds number of ~2500. The wireless driving mechanism, system operation principle, and flight characteristics can be further optimized for the advancement and miniaturization of subcentimeter scale flying robots.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.ads6858","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoscale engineering and dynamic stabilization of mesoscopic spin textures","authors":"Kieren Harkins,&nbsp;Christoph Fleckenstein,&nbsp;Noella D’Souza,&nbsp;Paul M. Schindler,&nbsp;David Marchiori,&nbsp;Claudia Artiaco,&nbsp;Quentin Reynard-Feytis,&nbsp;Ushoshi Basumallick,&nbsp;William Beatrez,&nbsp;Arjun Pillai,&nbsp;Matthias Hagn,&nbsp;Aniruddha Nayak,&nbsp;Samantha Breuer,&nbsp;Xudong Lv,&nbsp;Maxwell McAllister,&nbsp;Paul Reshetikhin,&nbsp;Emanuel Druga,&nbsp;Marin Bukov,&nbsp;Ashok Ajoy","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adn9021","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adn9021","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Thermalization, while ubiquitous in physics, has traditionally been viewed as an obstacle to be mitigated. In contrast, we demonstrate here the use of thermalization in the generation, control, and readout of “shell-like” spin textures with interacting ¹³C nuclear spins in diamond, wherein spins are polarized oppositely on either side of a critical radius. The textures span several nanometers and encompass many hundred spins; they are created and interrogated without manipulating the nuclear spins individually. Long-time stabilization is achieved via prethermalization to a Floquet-engineered Hamiltonian under the electronic gradient field: The texture is therefore metastable and robust against spin diffusion. This enables the state to endure over multiple minutes before it decays. Our work on spin-state engineering paves the way for applications in quantum simulation and nanoscale imaging.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adn9021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal-assisted vacuum transfer enabling in situ visualization of charge density waves in monolayer MoS2","authors":"Jichuang Shen,&nbsp;Xiaopeng Xie,&nbsp;Wenhao Li,&nbsp;Chaoyue Deng,&nbsp;Yaqing Ma,&nbsp;Han Chen,&nbsp;Huixia Fu,&nbsp;Fang-Sen Li,&nbsp;Bingkai Yuan,&nbsp;Chen Ji,&nbsp;Ruihua He,&nbsp;Jiaqi Guan,&nbsp;Wei Kong","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adr9753","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adr9753","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Recent advancements in quantum materials research have focused on monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides and their heterostructures, known for complex electronic phenomena. While macroscopic electrical and magnetic measurements provide valuable insights, understanding these electronic states requires direct experimental observations. Yet, the extreme two-dimensionality of these materials demands surface-sensitive measurements with exceptionally clean surfaces. Here, we present the metal-assisted vacuum transfer method combined with in situ measurements in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), enabling pristine monolayer MoS₂ with ultraclean surfaces unexposed to ambient conditions. Consequently, in situ scanning tunneling microscopy revealed charge density waves (CDWs) in MoS₂/Cu(111), previously unobserved in monolayer MoS₂. Additionally, angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy identified notable Fermi surface nesting due to substrate interactions, elucidating the mechanisms behind CDW formation. This method is broadly applicable to other monolayer two-dimensional materials, enabling the high-fidelity in situ UHV characterization and advancing the understanding of correlated electronic behaviors in these material systems.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adr9753","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}