Obesity最新文献

{"title":"Effect of semaglutide 2.4 mg once weekly on 10-year type 2 diabetes risk in adults with overweight or obesity","authors":"Lua Wilkinson,&nbsp;Thomas Holst-Hansen,&nbsp;Peter N. Laursen,&nbsp;Anders R. Rinnov,&nbsp;Rachel L. Batterham,&nbsp;W. Timothy Garvey","doi":"10.1002/oby.23842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23842","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People with obesity (STEP) trials, once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg plus lifestyle intervention reduced body weight and improved cardiometabolic parameters in adults with obesity (or overweight with weight-related comorbidities). Effects on the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) require investigation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>STEP 1 (68 weeks) and 5 (104 weeks) randomized participants to semaglutide 2.4 mg or placebo. STEP 4 included a 20-week semaglutide run-in followed by randomization to 48 weeks of continued semaglutide or withdrawal (placebo). Ten-year T2D risk scores were calculated post hoc using Cardiometabolic Disease Staging.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In STEP 1 (<i>N</i> = 1583), relative risk score reductions were greater with semaglutide versus placebo (semaglutide: −61.1%; placebo: −12.9%; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). These reductions were maintained to week 104 in STEP 5 (<i>N</i> = 295; semaglutide: −60.0%; placebo: 3.5%; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Risk scores during the STEP 4 run-in period (<i>N</i> = 776) were reduced from 20.6% to 11.1% and further to 7.7% at week 68 with continued semaglutide, increasing to 15.4% with withdrawal (relative risk score change: semaglutide: −32.1%; placebo: +40.6%; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Risk score reductions mirrored weight loss.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cardiometabolic Disease Staging risk assessment suggests that once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg may substantially lower 10-year T2D risk in people with overweight or obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"31 9","pages":"2249-2259"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.23842","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5755691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presurgical microstructural coherence predicts cognitive change for bariatric surgery patients","authors":"Alexa K. Chen,&nbsp;Joseph M. Gullett,&nbsp;John B. Williamson,&nbsp;Ronald A. Cohen","doi":"10.1002/oby.23837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23837","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This observational study examined the relationship between presurgical white matter microstructural coherence and cognitive change after weight loss. It was hypothesized that higher baseline fractional anisotropy (FA) would predict greater baseline and change cognition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A sample of 24 adults (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m²) underwent neuropsychological assessment at baseline and 12 weeks after bariatric surgery. A magnetic resonance imaging brain scan was administered at baseline and processed through Tract-Based Spatial Statistics to compute FA in white matter tracts of interest. Composite scores for attention, learning, processing speed, executive function, verbal fluency, working memory, and overall cognition were calculated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As expected, FA in some tracts of interest was significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) positively associated with change in cognition. Inverse relationships were observed between baseline FA and presurgical cognition, which may be explained by increased medial and radial diffusivity and preserved axonal diffusivity. Cognition generally improved after surgery; however, relative but clinically nonsignificant deterioration was observed on learning measures. Poorer baseline cognitive performance was associated with greater postsurgical cognitive improvement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Presurgical microstructural coherence is associated with magnitude of cognitive change after weight loss. An observed reduction in learning suggests that bariatric surgery may lead to negative outcomes in some cognitive domains, at least temporarily.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"31 9","pages":"2325-2334"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.23837","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5755695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salt-inducible kinases are required for glucose uptake and insulin signaling in human adipocytes","authors":"Johanna S?ll,&nbsp;Maria Lindahl,&nbsp;Andreas M. Fritzen,&nbsp;Claes Fryklund,&nbsp;Franziska Kopietz,&nbsp;Emma Nyberg,&nbsp;Anna Warvsten,&nbsp;Bj?rn Morén,&nbsp;Marc Foretz,&nbsp;Bente Kiens,&nbsp;Karin G. Stenkula,&nbsp;Olga G?ransson","doi":"10.1002/oby.23858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23858","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) is abundantly expressed in adipocytes and downregulated in adipose tissue from individuals with obesity or insulin resistance. The main aims of this work were to investigate the involvement of SIKs in the regulation of glucose uptake in primary mature human adipocytes and to identify mechanisms underlying this regulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Primary mature adipocytes were isolated from human, rat, or mouse adipose tissue and treated with pan-SIK inhibitors. Adipocytes isolated from wild type, <i>ob/ob</i>, and SIK2 knockout mice were also used. Glucose uptake was examined by glucose tracer assay. The insulin signaling pathway was monitored by Western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study demonstrates that SIK2 is downregulated in obese <i>ob/ob</i> mice and that SIK activity is required for intact glucose uptake in primary human and mouse adipocytes. The underlying mechanism involves direct effects on the insulin signaling pathway, likely at the level of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) generation or breakdown. Moreover, lack of SIK2 alone is sufficient to attenuate glucose uptake in mouse adipocytes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SIK2 is required for insulin action in human adipocytes, and the mechanism includes direct effects on the insulin signaling pathway.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"31 10","pages":"2515-2529"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.23858","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"7184045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medications and conditions associated with weight loss in patients prescribed semaglutide based on real-world data","authors":"William Powell,&nbsp;Xing Song,&nbsp;Yahia Mohamed,&nbsp;Dave Walsh,&nbsp;Elizabeth J. Parks,&nbsp;Tamara M. McMahon,&nbsp;Mirza Khan,&nbsp;Lemuel R. Waitman","doi":"10.1002/oby.23859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23859","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2017 for diabetes and in 2021 for weight loss, semaglutide has seen widespread use among individuals who aim to lose weight. The aim of this study was to evaluate weight loss and the influence of clinical factors on semaglutide patients in real-world clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using data from 10 health systems within the Greater Plains Collaborative (a PCORnet Clinical Research Network), nearly 4000 clinical factors encompassing demographic, diagnosis, and prescription information were extracted for semaglutide patients. A gradient-boosting, machine-learning classifier was developed for weight-loss prediction and identification of the most impactful factors via SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) value extrapolation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 3555 eligible patients (539 of whom were observed 52 weeks following exposure) from March 2017 to April 2022 were studied. On average, individuals lost 4.44% (male individuals, 3.66%; female individuals, 5.08%) of their initial weight. History of diabetes mellitus diagnosis was associated with less weight loss, whereas prediabetes and linaclotide use were associated with more pronounced weight loss.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Weight loss in patients prescribed semaglutide from real-world evidence was strong but attenuated compared with previous clinical trials. Machine-learning analysis of electronic health record data identified factors that warrant further research and consideration when tailoring weight-loss therapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"31 10","pages":"2482-2492"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.23859","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"7184052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic remission precedes possible weight regain after gastric bypass surgery","authors":"Oksana Rogova,&nbsp;Katharina Herzog,&nbsp;Mahmoud Al-Majdoub,&nbsp;Michael Miskelly,&nbsp;Andreas Lindqvist,&nbsp;Louise Bennet,&nbsp;Jan L. Hedenbro,&nbsp;Nils Wierup,&nbsp;Peter Spégel","doi":"10.1002/oby.23864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23864","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Some patients regain weight to a variable extent from 1 year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB), though rarely reaching preoperative values. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether, when, and to what extent metabolic remission occurs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fasting metabolite and lipid profiles were determined in blood plasma collected from a nonrandomized intervention study involving 148 patients before RYGB and at 2, 12, and 60 months post RYGB. Both short-term and long-term alterations in metabolism were assessed. Anthropometric and clinical variables were assessed at all study visits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study found that the vast majority of changes in metabolite levels occurred during the first 2 months post RYGB. Notably, thereafter the metabolome started to return toward the presurgical state. Consequently, a close-to-presurgical metabolome was observed at the time when patients reached their lowest weight and glucose level. Lipids with longer acyl chains and a higher degree of unsaturation were altered more dramatically compared with shorter and more saturated lipids, suggesting a systematic and reversible lipid remodeling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Remission of the metabolic state was observed prior to notable weight regain. Further and more long-term studies are required to assess whether the extent of metabolic remission predicts future weight regain and glycemic deterioration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"31 10","pages":"2530-2542"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.23864","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"7183992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct response of adipocyte progenitors to glucocorticoids determines visceral obesity via the TEAD1-miR-27b-PRDM16 axis","authors":"Yifan Lv,&nbsp;Fan Xia,&nbsp;Jing Yu,&nbsp;Yunlu Sheng,&nbsp;Yi Jin,&nbsp;Yanqiang Li,&nbsp;Guoxian Ding","doi":"10.1002/oby.23839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23839","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Visceral obesity contributes to obesity-related complications; however, the intrinsic mechanism of depot-specific adipose tissue behavior remains unclear. Despite the pro-adipogenesis role of glucocorticoids (GCs) in adipogenesis, the role of GCs in visceral adiposity rather than in subcutaneous adipose tissue is not established. Because adipocyte progenitors display a striking depot-specific pattern, the regulatory pathways of novel progenitor subtypes within different depots remain unclear. This study describes a cell-specific mechanism underlying visceral adiposity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A diverse panel of novel depot-specific adipose progenitors was screened in mice and human samples. The transcriptome distinction and various responses of novel progenitor subtypes of GCs were further measured using the GC receptor-chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and RNA sequencing. The mechanism of novel subtypes was identified using transposase-accessible chromatin analysis and bisulfite sequencing and further confirmed using precise editing of CpG methylation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα⁺) progenitors, which were dominant in the visceral adipose tissue, were GC-sensitive beige adipose progenitors, whereas CD137⁺ progenitors, which were dominant in the subcutaneous adipose tissue, were GC-passive beige adipose progenitors. Expression of miR-27b, an inhibitor of adipocyte browning, was significantly increased in PDGFRα⁺ progenitors treated with GCs. Using transposase-accessible chromatin analysis, bisulfite sequencing, and precise editing of CpG methylation, TEA domain transcription factor 1 (TEAD1) was discovered to be uniquely hypomethylated in PDGFRα⁺ progenitors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>GCs inhibited the PDGFRα⁺ progenitors' browning process via miR-27b, which was transcriptionally activated by the collaboration of TEAD1 with the GC receptor. These data provide insights into the mechanism of depot-specific variations in high-fat diet-induced obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"31 9","pages":"2335-2348"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6113893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Exenatide for weight-loss maintenance in adolescents with severe obesity: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/oby.23843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23843","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fox CK, Clark JM, Rudser KD, et al. Exenatide for weight-loss maintenance in adolescents with severe obesity: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. <i>Obesity (Silver Spring)</i>. 2022;30:1105-1115.</p><p>On page 1112, Table 2 was incorrect because of interchanged data from “BMI (kg/m²)” and “Percent of 95th BMI percentile.”</p><p>Below is the correct Table 2:</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"31 9","pages":"2440"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.23843","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6158109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of visceral fat on coronary artery disease as defined by quantitative computed tomography angiography","authors":"Daniel Karlsberg,&nbsp;Henry Steyer,&nbsp;Rebecca Fisher,&nbsp;Tami Crabtree,&nbsp;James K. Min,&nbsp;James P. Earls,&nbsp;John Rumberger","doi":"10.1002/oby.23804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23804","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obesity is associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Visceral fat (VF) is an important CVD risk metric given its independent correlation with myocardial infarction and stroke. This study aims to clarify the relationship between the presence and severity of VF with the presence and severity of coronary artery plaque.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In 145 consecutive asymptomatic patients, atherosclerosis imaging-quantitative computed tomography was performed for total plaque volume (TPV) and percentage atheroma volume, as well as the volume of noncalcified plaque (NCP), calcified plaque, and low-density NCP (LD-NCP), diameter stenosis, and vascular remodeling. This study also included VF analysis and subcutaneous fat analysis, recording of outer waist circumference, and percentage body fat analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean age of the patients was 56.1 [SD 8.5] years, and 84.0% were male. Measures of visceral adiposity (mean [SD, Q1–Q3 thresholds]) included estimated body fat, 28.7% (9.0%, 24.1%–33.0%); VF, 169.8 cm² (92.3, 102.0–219.0 cm²); and subcutaneous fat, 223.6 mm² (114.2, 142.5–288.0 mm²). The Spearman correlation coefficients of VF and plaque volume included TPV 0.22 (<i>p</i> = 0.0074), calcified plaque 0.12 (<i>p</i> = 0.62), NCP 0.25 (<i>p</i> = 0.0023), and LD-NCP 0.37 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). There was a progression of the median coronary plaque volume for each quartile of VF including TPV (Q1: 19.8, Q2: 48.1, Q3: 86.4, and Q4: 136.6 mm³ [<i>p</i> = 0.0098]), NCP (Q1: 15.7, Q2: 35.4, Q3: 86.4, and Q4: 136.6 mm³ [<i>p</i> = 0.0032]), and LD-NCP (Q1: 0.6, Q2: 0.81, Q3: 2.0, and Q4: 5.0 mm³ [<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001]).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings demonstrate progression with regard to VF and TPV, NCP volume, and LD-NCP volume. Notably, there was a progression of VF and amount of LD-NCP, which is known to be high risk for future cardiovascular events. A consistent progression may indicate the future utility of VF in CVD risk stratification.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"31 10","pages":"2460-2466"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.23804","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"7184041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The long-term effects of childhood adiposity on depression and anxiety in adulthood: A systematic review","authors":"Claire Gallagher,&nbsp;Nilakshi Waidyatillake,&nbsp;Jane Pirkis,&nbsp;Katrina Lambert,&nbsp;Raisa Cassim,&nbsp;Shyamali Dharmage,&nbsp;Bircan Erbas","doi":"10.1002/oby.23813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23813","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review aimed to evaluate the association between childhood adiposity and depression and anxiety risk in adulthood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MEDLINE, PsychInfo, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched on June 6, 2022, to identify studies that investigated the association between childhood weight status (age ≤18 years) and outcomes of depression and/or anxiety in adulthood (age ≥19 years). Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and results were narratively synthesized.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixteen studies were eligible for inclusion, with heterogeneity in methods and follow-up durations complicating comparisons. Six out of eight studies found a statistically significant association between childhood adiposity and increased likelihood of depression in adulthood, particularly in females. However, overall evidence was of moderate quality and study limitations prevented causal conclusions. In contrast, limited evidence and mixed findings were reported for the associations between childhood adiposity and depressive symptom severity or anxiety outcomes in adulthood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evidence suggests that childhood adiposity is associated with greater vulnerability to depression in adulthood, particularly in females. However, further research is warranted to address the limitations discussed. Future research should also explore how changes in weight status from childhood to adulthood might differentially influence the likelihood of depression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"31 9","pages":"2218-2228"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.23813","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6200558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging behavioral genetics methods to accelerate obesity protection discovery: the Augmented T0 Discordant Sibling Design","authors":"Myles S. Faith,&nbsp;Leonard H. Epstein","doi":"10.1002/oby.23840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23840","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Researchers have been reimagining strategies to accelerate the pacing of translational science progress so that basic T0 discoveries can be converted more efficiently to T1 to T4 interventions. This is certainly true in the context of childhood obesity prevention given its complex etiology and heterogeneity. Here it is submitted that behavioral genetics methods, which have transformed the understanding of childhood obesity <i>risk</i>, have unrealized potential to accelerate translational science into childhood obesity <i>protection</i> (i.e., maintaining healthy weight status despite the presence of reliable risk factors). To illustrate this opportunity, this Perspective proposes the Augmented T0 Discordant Sibling Design (DSD⁺), which leverages the traditional discordant siblings design by recruiting obesity-discordant siblings specifically from families in which parents have obesity and thereby confer heightened risk. This one modification of a tried-and-true behavior genetics design arguably opens a fascinating door of inquiry, illustrating the broader point. Moreover, as most disorders are familial, the DSD⁺ may stimulate ideas beyond obesity protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"31 9","pages":"2215-2217"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6127170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}