Obesity最新文献

{"title":"Fetal exposure to gestational diabetes severity and postnatal infant feeding in the first year of life associated with preadolescent obesity: a prospective cohort","authors":"Baiyang Sun,&nbsp;Joan C. Lo,&nbsp;Louise C. Greenspan,&nbsp;Alexis S. King,&nbsp;Jaimie N. Davis,&nbsp;Myles S. Faith,&nbsp;Patricia Wakimoto,&nbsp;Jami L. Josefson,&nbsp;Tamanjit Basi,&nbsp;Charles P. Quesenberry Jr.,&nbsp;Erin A. Hudson,&nbsp;William Lowe,&nbsp;Boyd Metzger,&nbsp;Erica P. Gunderson","doi":"10.1002/oby.24261","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24261","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study sought to evaluate the distinct impact of fetal exposure to gestational diabetes (GDM) severity, as well as the impact of infant breastfeeding (BF) and sugary beverage intake, on preadolescent overweight and obesity, accounting for other established risk factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This analysis included 850 mother-infant dyads exposed to GDM who reported monthly infant BF duration and intensity, as well as sugary beverage intake (sugar-sweetened beverages [SSB] and 100% fruit juice [FJ]) during the first year of life, BMI measured at ages 6 to 11 years, and GDM severity variables (i.e., diagnosis time, treatment, and glycemic control). Preadolescent weight and height from electronic health records classified the following BMI percentiles: normal weight, &lt;85th percentile (referent); overweight (85th to &lt;95th percentile); obesity (≥95th percentile); moderate obesity (100 to &lt;120% of 95th percentile); and severe obesity (≥120% of 95th percentile). Log-binomial regression models estimated adjusted relative risk (aRR) and 95% CI of BMI categories associated with fetal exposure to GDM severity and infant diet (inadequate BF, &lt;6 months or adequate BF, ≥6 months, combined with or without SSB/FJ intake).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among preadolescents, 17.6% had overweight, 18.2% had moderate obesity, and 7.6% had severe obesity. Compared with adequate BF with no SSB/FJ, aRR (95% CI) of developing obesity was 1.55 (95% CI: 1.05–2.30) for inadequate BF with SSB/FJ intake and 1.50 (95% CI: 1.01–2.21) for adequate BF with SSB/FJ intake, independent of GDM severity and covariates. The aRR (95% CI) of developing severe obesity was 3.80 (95% CI: 1.55–9.29) for inadequate BF with SSB/FJ intake versus adequate BF without SSB/FJ intake.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>BF adequacy and avoidance of sugary beverages in early life are modifiable lifestyle behaviors that may combat preadolescent obesity in infants exposed to GDM, suggesting potential longer-term benefits on child cardiometabolic health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"33 5","pages":"996-1010"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weight-loss interventions for adolescents with Down syndrome: a systematic review","authors":"Thessa I.M. Hilgenkamp,&nbsp;Emily Davidson,&nbsp;Keith M. Diaz,&nbsp;Richard Fleming,&nbsp;Rachel Foster Kirk,&nbsp;Mary Hastert,&nbsp;Judy Kim,&nbsp;Sarah Mann,&nbsp;John Usseglio,&nbsp;Andrea Videlefsky,&nbsp;Lauren Ptomey","doi":"10.1002/oby.24233","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24233","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Youth with Down syndrome (DS) experience high rates of overweight and obesity; therefore, weight-loss interventions are warranted. We aimed to systematically review weight-loss interventions for adolescents with DS to better understand the most effective strategies and identify the current gaps in the literature.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews [PROSPERO] #CRD42022303781). Databases were searched through July 28, 2023, and screening, evaluation, and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. Change scores for weight or BMI were presented by study design and intervention components.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The 26 included papers describing 24 unique studies included a total of <i>n</i> = 1171 participants, of whom <i>n</i> = 393 were participants with DS. Eleven studies focused on physical activity, one on diet, and two on physical activity and diet; seven studies used multicomponent interventions; and three studies investigated laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Thirteen studies using either a multicomponent intervention, a physical activity intervention, or surgery resulted in weight loss or a decrease in BMI in adolescents with DS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Weight-loss interventions can be effective for adolescents with DS and could benefit from increasing duration/intensity to meet the existing weight-loss intervention recommendations. More research on surgery and weight-loss medications is needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"33 4","pages":"632-658"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.24233","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vascular remodeling of adipose tissue in lipedema: endothelial dysfunction as an emerging culprit in a mysterious disease","authors":"Timothy D. Allerton","doi":"10.1002/oby.24281","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24281","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"33 4","pages":"629-631"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a novel approach to assess metabolic flexibility to a high-fat meal in a whole-body room calorimeter","authors":"David H. McDougal,&nbsp;Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado,&nbsp;Emily W. Flanagan,&nbsp;Kara L. Marlatt,&nbsp;Joshua R. Sparks,&nbsp;Shengping Yang,&nbsp;Leanne M. Redman,&nbsp;Eric Ravussin","doi":"10.1002/oby.24245","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24245","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metabolic inflexibility to Western high-fat diets may contribute to the obesity epidemic. However, validated methods for assessing metabolic flexibility (MetFlex) to high-fat meals are currently lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of a novel approach for determining MetFlex to a high-fat meal and to compare it with the gold standard for measuring MetFlex to high-carbohydrate loads.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eight healthy adults were enrolled in our study, which consisted of the following two assessments of MetFlex: 1) MetFlex to fat, via two overnight stays in a metabolic chamber separated by 5 to 7 days; and 2) Metflex to carbohydrates, via a two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp measured &gt;5 days later.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants were predominantly White and male, with mean (SD) age of 29.4 (6.3) years and BMI of 25.4 (4.1) kg/m². MetFlex to fat displayed satisfactory test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient &gt; 0.70) for several outcomes but showed no correlation to MetFlex measured during the clamp.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overnight changes in substrate oxidation following a high-fat dinner meal represent a unique aspect of MetFlex that cannot be captured using more conventional methods. Our findings warrant prospective studies to determine whether these parameters are predictive of the development of obesity or metabolic dysfunction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"33 4","pages":"743-753"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food-related implicit associations predict self-reported eating behaviors and dietary habits in large US samples","authors":"Matt B. Siroty,&nbsp;Julia M. P. Bittner,&nbsp;Jennifer L. Howell,&nbsp;Bobby K. Cheon","doi":"10.1002/oby.24247","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24247","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Implicit associations, i.e., automatically activated attitudes and intuitions, may contribute to isolated food choices and body weight. Studies of food-related implicit associations have yielded mixed results and have not explored their role in eating behaviors or dietary patterns. We examined implicit associations toward the palatability and acceptability (vs. shame) of healthy food and their relationships with self-reported eating behaviors (eating in absence of hunger) and dietary patterns (fruit, vegetable, and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption) and socioeconomic indicators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two US samples (i.e., Palatable Food, <i>n</i> = 11,504; and Acceptable Food, <i>n</i> = 12,128) from Project Implicit Health were analyzed. Implicit associations were measured with Implicit Association Tests. Linear and logistic regressions examined associations of implicit and related explicit self-reported responses (perceived healthy eating and acceptability of healthy food, respectively) with eating behaviors, dietary patterns, and socioeconomic indicators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One-sample <i>t</i> tests revealed health-favoring implicit palatability and acceptability associations. Implicit associations predicted healthier self-reported eating behaviors and dietary patterns independent of explicit responses. There were inconsistent associations with socioeconomic indicators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Health-favoring implicit food-related associations uniquely contribute to healthier eating behaviors and dietary patterns. These health-favoring associations could be a promising, yet underrecognized, target to promote healthier diets in the United States.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"33 4","pages":"796-806"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical analysis of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry—measured body composition changes with voluntary weight loss","authors":"Steven B. Heymsfield,&nbsp;Sophia Ramirez,&nbsp;Shengping Yang,&nbsp;Diana M. Thomas,&nbsp;Justin C. Brown,&nbsp;Stephanie L. E. Compton,&nbsp;John M. Schuna Jr.,&nbsp;Steven R. Smith,&nbsp;David S. Ludwig,&nbsp;Cara B. Ebbeling","doi":"10.1002/oby.24255","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24255","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>When treated with a macronutrient-balanced hypocaloric diet, do male individuals who have overweight and obesity lose relatively more dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-measured lean soft tissue (LST) mass than female individuals? Are there changes in bone mineral content (BMC), and if so, how do they impact relative reductions in LST compared to fat-free mass (FFM; LST plus BMC)? Are decrements in fat, LST, and FFM predictable from the magnitude of weight loss or baseline body composition?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To answer these questions, DXA studies were conducted before and after a 9- to 12-week calorie-restriction period in 43 male and 97 female individuals who lost a mean (SD) of 10.8% (2.2%) and 10.7% (1.6%) of their baseline weight, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The proportion of weight loss as LST was significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) larger in male (mean [SD], 0.33 [0.11] kg) than female individuals (0.25 [0.11] kg); BMC paradoxically increased, thereby leading to a significantly smaller reduction in FFM than LST in the male (−3.87 [1.73] kg vs. −3.92 [1.74] kg; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and female individuals (−2.22 [1.18] kg vs. −2.24 [1.18] kg; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and three different analyses showed that the composition of weight loss tracked as predicted a priori from weight change and baseline body composition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These observations provide insights into and future guidance for analyzing the DXA-measured body composition changes associated with newer pharmacotherapies for weight loss.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"33 4","pages":"685-694"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143545515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loss of lysyl oxidase in adipose tissue ameliorates metabolic inflexibility induced by high-fat diet","authors":"Yun-Qian Zhou,&nbsp;Xin-Yue Chang,&nbsp;Lei Yang,&nbsp;Dongning Pan,&nbsp;Hai-Yan Huang","doi":"10.1002/oby.24253","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24253","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Systemic administration of β-aminopropionitrile to inhibit lysyl oxidase (Lox) activity improves metabolism, but it exhibits a broad spectrum of effects. Clarification of the role of Lox in adipose tissue metabolism under high-fat diet (HFD) conditions is needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mice with adipose tissue knockout of <i>Lox</i> (Lox^AKO) and wild-type mice were subjected to a 16-week HFD regimen. A detailed evaluation encompassing adipose tissue, hepatic function, and systemic metabolism was conducted. RNA sequencing analysis was used to unravel the intricate mechanisms behind the metabolic enhancements in Lox^AKO mice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared with the control, although there was no difference in body weight, Lox^AKO mice exhibited an improved metabolic phenotype, including enhanced insulin sensitivity, improved glucose tolerance, and reduced liver steatosis, along with reduced adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis. Lox^AKO mice showed increased thermogenic activity in brown adipose tissue with increased uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression and oxygen consumption rate. Additionally, RNA sequencing analysis revealed that adipose deletion of <i>Lox</i> might facilitate the metabolic processing of glucose, branched-chain amino acids, and fatty acids in brown adipose tissue.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings indicate that adipocyte <i>Lox</i> deletion improves metabolic adaptability under an HFD, highlighting Lox as a promising therapeutic target for obesity-associated metabolic disorders.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"33 4","pages":"720-731"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Western diet on milk miRNAs and target genes in offspring adipose tissue: modulation by betaine during suckling","authors":"Rocío A. Martín-Chamorro,&nbsp;Catalina A. Pomar,&nbsp;Andreu Palou,&nbsp;Catalina Picó,&nbsp;Ana M. Rodríguez","doi":"10.1002/oby.24246","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24246","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigated how a maternal Western diet (WD) affects milk microRNA (miRNA) profile and associates with metabolic programming in adipose tissues in pups. We also explored the impact of betaine supplementation during suckling, as betaine levels are reported to be reduced in WD-fed dams' milk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A microarray analysis was performed to profile miRNA expression in dams' milk. Betaine levels were measured in the milk of dams and the plasma of their offspring. We also analyzed the expression of miRNA target genes in white and brown adipose tissues through gene expression analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings confirm decreased betaine levels in the milk of WD-fed dams and the plasma of their offspring. The miRNA screening identified 37 deregulated miRNAs (36 downregulated), with the following 6 as the most relevant: miR-223-3p; miR-32-5p; let-7i-5p; miR-140-5p; miR-29a-3p; and miR-29c-3p (downregulated). Some of their target genes were upregulated in brown and white adipose tissues, particularly those related to thermogenesis and browning. Betaine supplementation in pups demonstrated a slight protective effect in females by enhancing thermogenic capacity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results underscore the profound impact of a maternal WD on milk miRNA composition, potentially influencing gene expression, thermogenesis, and adiposity in the offspring, with sex-related differences.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"33 4","pages":"732-742"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.24246","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the landscape of childhood obesity: genomic insights and socioeconomic status in Indian school-going children","authors":"Janaki M. Nair,&nbsp;Ganesh Chauhan,&nbsp;Gauri Prasad,&nbsp;Khushdeep Bandesh,&nbsp;Anil K. Giri,&nbsp;Shraddha Chakraborty,&nbsp;Raman K. Marwaha,&nbsp;Sandeep Mathur,&nbsp;Devapriya Choudhury,&nbsp;Nikhil Tandon,&nbsp;Analabha Basu,&nbsp;Dwaipayan Bharadwaj","doi":"10.1002/oby.24248","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24248","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Childhood obesity (OB) is influenced by complex gene–environmental interaction. While genetics of adult OB have been extensively studied, polygenic childhood OB in non-European populations is still underexplored. Furthermore, in a developing nation such as India, how the environmental component strongly modulated by the socioeconomic status (SES) shapes the genetic susceptibility is crucial to understand.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A two-staged genome-wide association study (GWAS; <i>N</i> = 5673) and an independent exome-wide association study (ExWAS; <i>N</i> = 4963) were performed using a generalized linear model assuming additive effect to identify the common and rare genetic variants respectively associated with childhood OB. Rare-variant burden testing was also performed. We used the gene expression profiles and regulatory data from public databases to explain the novel associations. The implications of SES as a potential modifier of genetic susceptibility were evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>GWAS identified novel associations in <i>TCF7L2</i>, <i>IMMP2L</i>, <i>IPMK</i>, <i>CDC5L</i>, <i>SNTG1</i>, and <i>MX1</i>, whereas ExWAS uncovered <i>CNTN4</i>, <i>COQ4</i>, <i>TNFRSF10D</i>, <i>FLG-AS1</i>, and <i>BMP3</i>. Both GWAS and ExWAS validated known associations in <i>FTO</i> and <i>MC4R</i>. Furthermore, rare-variant testing highlighted the role of 101 genes. We also observed that SES can modulate the inherent susceptibility to OB.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study identified genetic variants associated with childhood OB and highlighted the gene–environmental interaction in childhood OB.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"33 4","pages":"754-765"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictability of genetic risk score for insulin resistance is influenced by both BMI and race","authors":"Marian L. Yurchishin,&nbsp;Lauren A. Fowler,&nbsp;Amy M. Goss,&nbsp;William T. Garvey,&nbsp;Barbara A. Gower","doi":"10.1002/oby.24238","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24238","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study objective was to determine whether associations between a genetic risk score (GRS) for insulin resistance (IR) and measures of insulin sensitivity differ by race and/or BMI status in African American (AA) and European American (EA) adults without diabetes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty-three AA and 54 EA participants were classified into “high” or “low” BMI groups using the sample median (25.9 kg/m²) as the cut point. The GRS was derived from 52 previously identified genetic variants. Skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity was measured with the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the Matsuda index of insulin sensitivity were calculated from oral glucose tolerance test values to determine hepatic and whole-body insulin sensitivity, respectively. Linear regression models, stratified by race, assessed interactions between BMI status and GRS on measures of insulin sensitivity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In EA participants, associations of GRS with HOMA-IR and the Matsuda index differed by BMI status, where the GRS was associated with IR in the high-BMI group only. In AA participants, associations from the clamp differed by BMI status, but an association was observed only in the low-BMI group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results highlight the heterogeneity of IR and support the hypothesis that the relationship between genetic predisposition for IR and obesity is race- and tissue-specific.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"33 4","pages":"788-795"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.24238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}