Obesity最新文献

{"title":"Taste sensitivities mediate differential snack choices across BMI groups: a study with New Zealand young male individuals","authors":"Sashie Abeywickrema,&nbsp;Rachel Ginieis,&nbsp;Mei Peng","doi":"10.1002/oby.24032","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24032","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to: 1) test for the link between snack choices and BMI using a novel sensory-based classification method; and 2) elucidate the role of gustatory sensitivity in orienting snack choices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study employed a dual approach involving sensory and nutritional assessments. Ninety-eight European male individuals were tested for gustatory sensitivities to sweetness, saltiness, umami, and lipid perception. Participant food intake was measured over 4 days. A separate cohort of 327 participants categorized the recorded snacks based on taste patterns, enabling profiling of snack choices across body-weight groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results showed clear differentiations in snack choices across the BMI groups: Individuals with a higher BMI consumed more \"Sweet\" and \"Sweet+Fat\" snacks and less \"Savory\" snacks compared with the lower-BMI group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Mediation analyses confirmed a significant effect of gustatory sensitivity, showing that the greater choice for \"Sweet\" and \"Sweet+Fat\" snacks among those with a higher BMI was mediated by sensitivities to sweetness and lipid perception (<i>p</i> = 0.008–0.044).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study revealed that gustatory sensitivity can mediate the relationship between BMI and energy consumption from different snacks. These findings highlight the significance of taste perception in shaping snack choice, suggesting potential strategies for interventions aimed at addressing gustatory sensitivity to promote healthier dietary preferences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"32 8","pages":"1453-1464"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.24032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141478276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BMI and mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19: another brick in the wall of the obesity paradox","authors":"Amanda Vilaverde Perez,&nbsp;Marina Verçoza Viana,&nbsp;Ludmilla Dall'Orto Thomazini,&nbsp;Sérgio Henrique Loss,&nbsp;Fernanda Cassanta Richa de Machado,&nbsp;Aline Graziele do Nascimento,&nbsp;Amanda Pinto Kropidlofscky,&nbsp;Fernando Gerchman,&nbsp;Cristiane Bauermann Leitão,&nbsp;Tatiana Helena Rech,&nbsp;José Augusto Santos Pellegrini","doi":"10.1002/oby.24069","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24069","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this study was to assess the existence of the obesity paradox in patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This was a multicentric retrospective cohort study including individuals aged 18 years or older admitted to the intensive care unit with SARS-CoV-2. Data were obtained from electronic medical records. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Multiple logistic regression and restricted cubic splines analyses were conducted to assess the association between BMI and mortality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From March 2020 to December 2021, 977 patients met the inclusion criteria, and 868 were included in the analysis. Obesity was identified in 382 patients (44%). Patients with obesity more often underwent prone positioning (42% vs. 28%; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), although they used less vasoactive medications (57% vs. 68%; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The overall in-hospital mortality was 48%, with 44% observed in the subgroup of individuals with obesity and 50% in those without obesity (<i>p</i> = 0.06). Patients with BMI &lt; 25 kg/m² had the highest mortality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obesity was not associated with higher mortality rates in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Moreover, patients with BMI &lt; 25 kg/m² had a higher mortality rate compared with those in higher BMI categories.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"32 8","pages":"1474-1482"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141474154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of discounting fruits, vegetables, and noncaloric beverages in New York City supermarkets on purchasing, intake, and weight","authors":"Atene S. Poskute,&nbsp;Ian Yi Han Ang,&nbsp;Nabilah Rahman,&nbsp;Allan Geliebter","doi":"10.1002/oby.24058","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24058","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this study was to assess purchasing, intake, and weight after discounting fruits and vegetables (F&amp;V) and noncaloric beverages in New York City supermarkets.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 16-week randomized controlled trial was conducted with a 4-week baseline, an 8-week intervention with 50% discounts on F&amp;V and noncaloric beverages, and a 4-week follow-up. Purchasing was tracked via loyalty cards, and intake was tracked via 24-h dietary recalls. Weights were measured at five in-person visits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from 67 participants were analyzed (38 in the experimental group; 29 in the control group). F&amp;V and noncaloric beverage weekly purchasing was greater in the experimental than the control group (mean difference [SD], $4.64 [$1.44], <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001; $0.53 [$0.39], <i>p</i> = 0.008) during intervention, with F&amp;V purchasing remaining greater in the experimental versus control group during follow-up (<i>p</i> = 0.005). F&amp;V intake was greater for the experimental than the control group during intervention (142 [105] g/day; <i>p</i> = 0.009) and follow-up (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Although no difference in noncaloric beverage consumption was observed between groups, there was lower alcohol intake in the experimental than the control group during follow-up (−85.8 [60.2] g/day; <i>p</i> = 0.004). The experimental group lost weight compared with the control group (−1.33 [0.92] kg; <i>p</i> = 0.006 intervention and <i>p</i> = 0.106 follow-up). No differences in nutrient composition or high energy-dense product consumption were found.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 50% discount on F&amp;V and noncaloric beverages promoted increased purchasing and intake of F&amp;V and induced weight loss.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"32 7","pages":"1290-1301"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain structure differences in pediatric obesity: cause or consequence?","authors":"Susan Carnell","doi":"10.1002/oby.24098","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24098","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Obesity in adults and children is associated with alterations in brain structure and function, as assessed by neuroimaging methods. However, the majority of extant literature, although informative, has been limited by reliance on small samples and cross-sectional data. This has made it challenging to establish reliable obesity-associated differences and to distinguish between two possible explanations. One explanation is that observed brain differences precede the development of excess weight and could thereby function as predictors of weight gain and potentially illuminate central mechanisms driving weight gain. An alternative is that observed brain differences occur subsequent to weight gain and instead reflect downstream effects of metabolic or other physiological sequelae of heightened adiposity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Adise et al. [&lt;span&gt;(1)&lt;/span&gt;] address this important issue by leveraging a large set of data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (http://www.abcdstudy.org). They examine longitudinal relationships between body weight and volume of subcortical brain regions implicated in appetite and weight control over a 2-year period spanning pre- and early adolescence. To decrease the likelihood that current adiposity drives observations, they limit their sample to children who had healthy weight at baseline (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 3614). To determine whether brain or weight differences come first, they test two competing models using linear mixed-effect regression. Importantly, owing to the large sample size, they are able to investigate weight gain with potential clinical relevance because, among the &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 3614 children designated as having healthy weight at baseline, a total of &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 385 (12%) developed overweight or obesity by the 2-year follow-up.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Using sex-stratified analyses that carefully control for potential confounders including maternal education, handedness, and puberty, as well as intracranial volume, Adise et al. find that for girls, but not boys, greater increases in body mass index (BMI) are driven by smaller volumes over time in the bilateral accumbens, amygdala, hippocampus, and thalamus; the right caudate and ventral diencephalon; and the left thalamus (all &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05, false discovery rate corrected). In contrast, they find no evidence in either girls or boys to support the inverse model that increases in BMI over time drive volume changes in regions of interest. These findings generate important insights that advance understanding of central mechanisms involved in weight gain but also inspire questions for future research.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The finding that lower volumes in subcortical regions are associated with later weight gain from pre- to early adolescence in girls suggests that these brain regions may play a functional role in weight gain, perhaps via effects on behavioral pathways such as sensitivity to food reward, food-related impulsivity, and emotion/stress processing, which could indirectly influen","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"32 7","pages":"1233-1234"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.24098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of semaglutide 2.4 mg by race and ethnicity: A post hoc analysis of three randomized controlled trials","authors":"Domenica Rubino,&nbsp;Hanna Angelene,&nbsp;Anthony Fabricatore,&nbsp;Jamy Ard","doi":"10.1002/oby.24042","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24042","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of semaglutide 2.4 mg, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, by race and ethnicity, across three phase 3 trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People with Obesity (STEP) clinical trials evaluated the efficacy and safety of once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg. Here, STEP 1 and 3 data were pooled for analysis; STEP 2 data were examined separately. All analyses were conducted using data from racial and ethnic subgroups. The primary outcome was the estimated treatment difference in percent body weight change for semaglutide 2.4 mg versus placebo.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants reported race as White (STEP 1 and 3, 75.3%; STEP 2, 59.4%), Black (8.8%; 8.9%), Asian (10.6%; 27.3%), or other racial group (5.3%; 4.4%); and ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino (13.9%; 11.9%) or not Hispanic or Latino (83.9%; 88.1%). There were no significant interactions between treatment effect and race (STEP 1 and 3: <i>p ≥</i> 0.07; STEP 2: <i>p</i> ≥ 0.15) or ethnicity (<i>p ≥</i> 0.40; <i>p</i> ≥ 0.85). The safety of semaglutide 2.4 mg was consistent across subgroups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The treatment effect of semaglutide was statistically significant versus placebo and clinically relevant across all racial and ethnic subgroups in STEP 1 and 3 and STEP 2. All subgroups across both samples demonstrated good tolerability.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"32 7","pages":"1268-1280"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.24042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isocaloric replacement of ultraprocessed foods was associated with greater weight loss in the POUNDS Lost trial","authors":"Qisi Yao,&nbsp;Carolina D. de Araujo,&nbsp;Filippa Juul,&nbsp;Catherine M. Champagne,&nbsp;George A. Bray,&nbsp;Frank M. Sacks,&nbsp;Maya K. Vadiveloo","doi":"10.1002/oby.24044","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24044","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Higher intake of ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) is associated with obesity. We examined whether replacing UPFs (NOVA 4) with minimally processed foods and culinary ingredients (NOVA 1 + 2) was associated with differential weight change in this secondary prospective analysis of the Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS) Lost trial.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We estimated percent energy intake (%kcal) from the four NOVA groups using 24-h dietary recalls in a subset of 356 participants. Multivariable-adjusted substitution models examined whether replacing %kcal from UPFs with NOVA 1 + 2 was associated with greater weight, body fat percentage, trunk fat, and waist circumference reduction at 6 months; changes in parameters were compared among NOVA 1 + 2 tertiles (T).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants were on average 52.3 years of age, 85% White, 55% female, and 58.2% nonsmoking, with a mean BMI of 32.7 kg/m². Replacing 10%kcal of UPFs with NOVA 1 + 2 was associated with greater 6-month weight (ß = 0.51, 95% CI: −0.93 to −0.09, <i>p</i> = 0.02), body fat percentage (ß = 2.7, 95% CI: −5.10 to −0.43, <i>p</i> = 0.02), and trunk fat reduction (ß = 3.9, 95% CI: −7.01 to −0.70, <i>p</i> = 0.02), but not waist circumference reduction. Participants in T3 (−8.33 kg) versus T1 (−5.32 kg) of NOVA 1 + 2 had greater weight loss (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Isocaloric substitution of UPFs with NOVA 1 + 2 was associated with marginally greater weight loss under energy restriction. These modest findings support more research exploring the mechanisms linking UPFs with body weight regulation beyond energy intake.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"32 7","pages":"1281-1289"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11212670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-dependent changes in feeding behavior and energy balance associated with weight gain in mice fed obesogenic diets","authors":"Payam A. Fathi,&nbsp;Michelle B. Bales,&nbsp;Julio E. Ayala","doi":"10.1002/oby.24052","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24052","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obesity is characterized by dysregulated homeostatic mechanisms resulting in positive energy balance; however, when this dysregulation occurs is unknown. We assessed the time course of alterations to behaviors promoting weight gain in male and female mice switched to an obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Male and female C57BL/6J mice were housed in metabolic chambers and were switched from chow to a 60% or 45% HFD for 4 and 3 weeks, respectively. Food intake, meal patterns, energy expenditure (EE), and body weight were continuously measured. A separate cohort of male mice was switched from chow to a 60% HFD and was given access to locked or unlocked running wheels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Switching mice to obesogenic diets promotes transient bouts of hyperphagia during the first 2 weeks followed by persistent caloric hyperphagia. EE increases but not sufficiently enough to offset increased caloric intake, resulting in a sustained net positive energy balance. Hyperphagia is associated with consumption of calorically larger meals (impaired satiation) more frequently (impaired satiety), particularly during the light cycle. Running wheel exercise delays weight gain in male mice fed a 60% HFD by enhancing satiation and increasing EE. However, exercise effects on satiation are no longer apparent after 2 weeks, coinciding with weight gain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Exposure to obesogenic diets engages homeostatic regulatory mechanisms for ~2 weeks that ultimately fail, and consequent weight gain is characterized by impaired satiation and satiety. Insights into the etiology of obesity can be obtained by investigating changes to satiation and satiety mechanisms during the initial ~2 weeks of HFD exposure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"32 7","pages":"1373-1388"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.24052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acid accumulation is associated with metabolic alterations; higher energy, fat, and protein intake; and energy expenditure","authors":"Andrés M. Treviño-Alvarez,&nbsp;Tomás Cabeza de Baca,&nbsp;Emma J. Stinson,&nbsp;Marci E. Gluck,&nbsp;Paolo Piaggi,&nbsp;Susanne B. Votruba,&nbsp;Jonathan Krakoff,&nbsp;Douglas C. Chang","doi":"10.1002/oby.24086","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24086","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this study was to study how acid accumulation (lower plasma bicarbonate and higher anion gap [AG] and corrected anion gap [CAG]) correlates with metabolic parameters, food intake, and 24-h energy expenditure (EE).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acid accumulation was measured in 286 healthy adults with estimated glomerular filtration rate &gt; 60 mL/min/1.73 m². Measurements included body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan, ad libitum energy intake by a vending machine paradigm over 3 days, and 24-h EE in a whole-room indirect calorimeter.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lower bicarbonate, higher AG, and higher CAG were correlated with higher waist and thigh circumferences, body fat (percentage), fat mass, triglycerides, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Acid accumulation markers were correlated with higher total energy (CAG partial <i>r</i> = 0.17; <i>p</i> = 0.02), fat (CAG partial <i>r</i> = 0.17; <i>p</i> = 0.02), protein intake (CAG partial <i>r</i> = 0.20; <i>p</i> = 0.006), and 24-h EE (CAG partial <i>r</i> = 0.24; <i>p</i> = 0.0007). A mediation analysis of CAG and total energy intake found that 24-h EE was a partial mediator (40%), but the association remained significant (β = 0.15; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In healthy individuals, acid accumulation was associated with an unfavorable metabolic phenotype; higher 24-h EE; and increased total energy, fat, and protein intake. Acid accumulation markers, as putative markers of higher dietary acid load (e.g., from protein), may affect energy balance physiology promoting weight gain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"32 8","pages":"1541-1550"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of short-term changes in obesity indices with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease","authors":"Lyu Wang,&nbsp;Yun-Yang Deng,&nbsp;Tsung Yu,&nbsp;Xiang-Qian Lao,&nbsp;Martin C. S. Wong","doi":"10.1002/oby.24062","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24062","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to investigate how short-term changes (1-, 3-, and 5-year) in obesity measures affect mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed longitudinal data from the MJ Health Centre (<i>n</i> = 43,304 for the 1-year study; 24,295 for the 3-year study; 16,138 for the 5-year study) with median follow-up periods of 15.8, 13.9, and 12.3 years, respectively. Associations of short-term obesity indices changes with mortality and Framingham Risk Score changes were explored using time-dependent coefficient Cox regression models, restricted cubic splines, and multivariable linear regression models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All-cause mortality was negatively associated with short-term weight and BMI changes, with greater reductions causing poorer outcomes. Compared with stable groups, short-term reduced weight and BMI were associated with greater risks of all-cause mortality and CVD-specific mortality (5-year study only). Also, either 1- and 3-year reduced or 3-year increased waist circumference and waist to height ratio were related to higher all-cause and CVD deaths than stable groups, respectively. Nonlinear relationships indicated lower cutoff values for short-term changes in obesity indices in predicting all-cause mortality. Decreased obesity indices significantly improved CVD profiles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Short-term changes in obesity indices show complex mortality risks, urging personalized approaches beyond a simple weight loss focus.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"32 8","pages":"1568-1584"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.24062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in energy expenditure and physical activity over 15 years of environmental changes: The Maycoba project","authors":"Alexandra Niclou,&nbsp;Julián Esparza-Romero,&nbsp;Rene Urquidez-Romero,&nbsp;Yan Y. Lam,&nbsp;Jennifer Rood,&nbsp;Leslie O. Schulz,&nbsp;Peter H. Bennett,&nbsp;Mauro E. Valencia,&nbsp;Eric Ravussin","doi":"10.1002/oby.24061","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24061","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This work aimed to parse out the role of changing environments on body composition, total energy expenditure, and physical activity in the Mexican Pima, a population experiencing rapid industrialization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using doubly labeled water, we compared energy expenditure and physical activity in a longitudinal cohort of Mexican Pima (<i>n</i> = 26; female: 12) in 1995 and 2010. Body mass and composition were assessed by bioimpedance analysis. To determine the effects of environmental factors on body weight independent of age, we compared the 1995 longitudinal cohort with an age- and sex-matched cross-sectional cohort (<i>n</i> = 26) in 2010.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Body mass, fat mass, and fat-free mass all significantly increased between 1995 and 2010. Despite a 13% average increase in body weight, weight-adjusted total daily energy expenditure decreased significantly. Measured physical activity levels also decreased between 1995 and 2010, after we adjusted for weight.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results suggest that the recent industrialization of the Maycoba region in Sonora, Mexico, has contributed to a decrease in physical activity, in turn contributing to weight gain and metabolic disease among the Mexican Pima.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"32 8","pages":"1518-1525"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141422361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}