Obesity最新文献

{"title":"Time-Restricted Eating on Appetite and Inflammation in Adults With Obesity and Prediabetes: A Randomized Feeding Study","authors":"Daisy Duan,&nbsp;Susan Carnell,&nbsp;Scott J. Pilla,&nbsp;Stephanie T. Chung,&nbsp;Jeanne M. Clark,&nbsp;Nisa M. Maruthur","doi":"10.1002/oby.70270","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.70270","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Time-restricted eating (TRE) has gained attention for weight loss and cardiometabolic health improvement. The Time-Restricted Intake of Meals (TRIM) study was a 12-week randomized isocaloric and eucaloric feeding trial comparing 10-h TRE to a 16-h usual eating pattern (UEP) in adults with obesity and either prediabetes or diet-controlled type 2 diabetes. This post hoc analysis investigates TRE's effects on eating behavior, appetite hormones, and inflammatory markers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants completed the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (Restraint, Disinhibition, Hunger) and provided fasting blood samples for leptin, adiponectin, CRP, cortisol, and sRAGE at pre- and post-intervention. Ghrelin was measured during a 75 g OGTT. Wilcoxon signed rank and Mann–Whitney <i>U</i> tests were used for within- and between-group differences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-nine participants (19 TRE; 20 UEP) were analyzed, with a mean (SD) age of 60 (7) years and BMI of 35.2 (6.0) kg/m². Weight loss was similar across groups (2.7% TRE; 2.5% UEP). Both arms increased restraint and decreased disinhibition and hunger. No statistically significant between-group differences were observed in eating behavior, appetite hormones, and inflammatory markers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both 10-h TRE and 16-h UEP promoted improvements in eating behavior in the context of modest and equivalent weight loss. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm whether clinically meaningful differences exist.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03527368</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"34 9","pages":"1732-1741"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.70270","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148611416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenetic Signature of the Metastable Epiallele VTRNA2-1: Adipose Dysfunction and Suboptimal Bariatric Outcomes","authors":"Yi-Chun Huang,&nbsp;Kuan-Jung Hou,&nbsp;Ming-Lung Tsai,&nbsp;Keng-Hao Liu,&nbsp;Ming-Yun Ho,&nbsp;Jih-Kai Yeh,&nbsp;Chun-Chi Chen,&nbsp;Chin-Yuan Chia,&nbsp;Wen-Lang Fan,&nbsp;I-Chang Hsieh,&nbsp;Ta-Sen Ye,&nbsp;Horng-Dar Wang,&nbsp;Chi-Neu Tsai,&nbsp;Chao-Yung Wang","doi":"10.1002/oby.70268","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.70268","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>VTRNA2-1</i> is a metastable epiallele whose methylation is associated with metabolic homeostasis via PKR-mediated inflammation and adipocyte function. We aimed to determine whether preoperative <i>VTRNA2-1</i> promoter methylation in peripheral blood predicts long-term excess weight loss (%EWL) after bariatric surgery. We explored transcriptional signatures in adipose tissue to clarify the relationship between early-life epigenetic imprinting on adult metabolic plasticity and surgical outcomes in patients with severe obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the OCEAN prospective registry (2011–2024), 179 adults underwent bariatric surgery. Peripheral blood DNA <i>VTRNA2-1</i> methylation was classified as hypo-, intermediate, or hyper-methylated. %EWL was recorded at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Adipose tissue was assayed for <i>IL13</i>, <i>PRDM16</i>, and related transcripts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>VTRNA2-1</i> methylation showed a bimodal distribution, differing significantly from controls (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Hypermethylated patients had lower <i>VTRNA2-1</i> expression (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and greater %EWL at 12 (67.8% ± 19.1% vs. 61.8% ± 17.5%; <i>p</i> = 0.047) and 24 months (68.7% ± 21.9% vs. 60.4% ± 19.3%; <i>p</i> = 0.040). The hypomethylated group maintained a stable weight loss plateau between 12 and 24 months. Hypomethylation was associated with nominally higher <i>IL13</i> and <i>PRDM16</i> mRNA in adipose tissue (exploratory; uncorrected <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>VTRNA2-1</i> methylation status is associated with predictable variations and offers potential for preoperative risk stratification and personalized therapeutic strategies in managing severe obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"34 9","pages":"1785-1795"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148633237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early-Life Dietary Protein Source Reshapes Gut Microbiota but Fails to Curtail Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Young Rats","authors":"Chunlong Mu,&nbsp;Micaela Hartslief,&nbsp;Jessica Chong,&nbsp;Shrushti Shah,&nbsp;Jennifer Thompson,&nbsp;Raylene A. Reimer,&nbsp;David C. Wright,&nbsp;Jane Shearer","doi":"10.1002/oby.70266","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.70266","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dairy consumption plays a protective role in obesity that may be mediated through the gut microbiota. This study examined the role of dairy proteins, casein, whey, and complete dairy (skim milk powder), and a plant-based alternative, soy, on gut microbiota composition, obesity susceptibility, and insulin sensitivity in early development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Following weaning, rat pups were randomized into four isocaloric diets (<i>n</i> = 8–11/sex/diet) for 4 weeks: (1) complete dairy; (2) casein; (3) whey; and (4) soy. Primary outcomes included food intake, growth, body composition, glucose tolerance, and fecal microbiota composition. Animals were then metabolically challenged with a high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFHS, 40% kilocalories from fat) for 5 weeks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The impacts on gut microbiota and metabolic outcomes were sex and protein dependent. Compared to casein, complete dairy consumption reduced diversity, while early exposure to complete dairy improved body fat percentage but not glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity. Soy elicited differential effects in males and females. Despite preserved microbial patterns, diets were unable to overcome the detrimental metabolic impacts of HFHS diet exposure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results show that complete dairy positively modulates gut microbial profiles and benefits body composition early in life, but it could not curtail the negative metabolic impacts of HFHS feeding.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"34 9","pages":"1772-1784"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.70266","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148703217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral GLP-1RA TERN-601 for Adults With Obesity/Overweight: Placebo-Controlled, Multiple-Ascending-Dose, Phase 1 and 2 Studies","authors":"W. Timothy Garvey,&nbsp;Julio Rosenstock,&nbsp;Harold E. Bays,&nbsp;Douglas Denham,&nbsp;Anita Kohli,&nbsp;Melanie Haines,&nbsp;Christopher Jones,&nbsp;Ellen Kwan,&nbsp;Erin Castelloe,&nbsp;Tonya Marmon,&nbsp;Emil Kuriakose,&nbsp;Cara Nelson","doi":"10.1002/oby.70271","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.70271","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of TERN-601, a once-daily, oral small-molecule glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, were studied in Phase 1 and 2 clinical studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Phase 1 (28-day) and Phase 2 (12-week), randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-ascending-dose studies evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy (change in weight, appetite, and gastric emptying) of TERN-601 for adults with obesity or overweight.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the Phase 1 study, TERN-601 produced dose-dependent weight loss over 28 days, with statistically significant reductions versus placebo at all doses. Treatment was associated with GLP-1–consistent pharmacodynamic effects, including reduced appetite and delayed gastric emptying. In the Phase 2 study, TERN-601 doses ≥ 500 mg resulted in significantly greater mean percentage weight loss at Week 12 versus placebo. Gastrointestinal treatment-emergent adverse events were consistent with the GLP-1 receptor agonist class and dose-related. Three participants in the Phase 2 study experienced transaminase elevations consistent with potential drug-induced liver injury.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TERN-601 demonstrated modest, dose-dependent weight loss with a gastrointestinal tolerability profile consistent with GLP-1 receptor agonists. However, liver safety findings observed in the Phase 2 study led to clinical development discontinuation. These data contribute to the overall understanding of oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonists in obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06854952</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"34 9","pages":"1742-1758"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.70271","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148623455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Within-Day Timing of Concurrent Training Affects Inflammation and Body Composition in Young Adults With Obesity","authors":"Haoqin Chen,&nbsp;Min Wu,&nbsp;Jie Li,&nbsp;Yanchun Li","doi":"10.1002/oby.70262","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.70262","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. Whether within-day organization of concurrent training influences inflammatory adaptation remains unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-four young adults with obesity were randomized to continuous training (CT; high-intensity functional training immediately followed by aerobic training) or separated training (ST; the same exercise volume divided into two sessions ~6 h apart). Both groups completed an 8-week intervention. Body composition and inflammatory markers were assessed before and after training using repeated-measures ANOVA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both groups showed significant reductions in body mass, BMI, body fat mass, and BF% over time (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Significant time × group interactions were observed for body mass, BMI, and body fat mass, with the CT group showing greater reductions than the ST group. IL-6 was the only inflammatory marker showing a significant interaction effect (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), decreasing in CT while remaining unchanged in ST. TNF-α decreased significantly over time in both groups, whereas IL-10 and IL-1β showed no significant interaction effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Within-day continuity of concurrent training reduced fat mass more than temporally separated training in young adults with obesity. An exploratory association with reduced IL-6 was observed but requires confirmation.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Trial Registration</b>Chinese Clinical Trial Registry identifier: ChiCTR2500108145.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"34 9","pages":"1699-1707"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148458260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Diagnosing Obesity: The CALOR Study","authors":"Deborah B. Horn,&nbsp;Eva Lesén,&nbsp;Christen M. Gray,&nbsp;Magnus Bjursell,&nbsp;Hironori Waki","doi":"10.1002/oby.70264","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.70264","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to describe characteristics of people with elevated BMI by presence versus absence of obesity diagnosis and trends over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from adults with recorded BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² (United States [US]; Optum's deidentified Clinformatics Data Mart database) or ≥ 25 kg/m² (Japan; Medical Data Vision) between 2016 and 2024 were included. Characteristics were described at index (most recent BMI or obesity diagnosis), stratified by presence versus absence of prior recorded obesity diagnosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the United States (<i>N</i> = 3,584,120; 70.1% with obesity diagnosis), prevalence of interrelated diseases was high overall and higher in those with versus without obesity diagnosis, e.g., type 2 diabetes (49.3% vs. 29.9%), chronic kidney disease (32.9% vs. 18.8%), and heart failure (23.3% vs. 9.8%). In Japan (<i>N</i> = 3,140,900; 2.3% with obesity diagnosis), interrelated disease burden was also higher in those with versus without obesity diagnosis, e.g., type 2 diabetes (42.2% vs. 25.9%) and chronic kidney disease (14.3% vs. 8.6%). In the United States, interrelated disease burden was generally higher for those first diagnosed in 2024 versus those diagnosed in 2016–2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In people with elevated BMI in the United States and Japan, there was underdiagnosis of obesity and a high prevalence of interrelated diseases.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"34 9","pages":"1796-1805"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.70264","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148474956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Pregnancy Body Roundness Index and Development of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Secondary Analysis of the nuMoM2b Study","authors":"Kelsey J. Pape,&nbsp;Taylor M. Bynarowicz,&nbsp;Sruthi Bhamidipalli,&nbsp;Yan Tong,&nbsp;Maisa N. Feghali,&nbsp;David M. Haas,&nbsp;Uma M. Reddy,&nbsp;Robert M. Silver,&nbsp;Lynn M. Yee,&nbsp;Christina M. Scifres","doi":"10.1002/oby.70274","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.70274","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study assessed the association between early pregnancy body roundness index (BRI) and adverse pregnancy outcomes in nulliparas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective cohort study, waist circumference, height, and weight were measured between 6 and 13 6/7 weeks' gestation and used to calculate BMI and BRI (364.2–365.5 × {1 − [(waist circumference/2π)/(0.5 × height)]²}^0.5). Four BRI and BMI quantiles (Q1-Q4) were defined, and rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes were compared using multivariable logistic regression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 9671 individuals, greater BRI was associated with gestational diabetes (GDM), hypertensive disorders, preterm birth, cesarean delivery, and large-for-gestational age infants. Discordant BRI and BMI assignments affected GDM and cesarean odds. Those with Q2 BMI but Q3–Q4 BRI had increased odds of GDM (aOR 2.28, 1.49–3.47) and cesarean (aOR 1.39, 1.15–1.68). Those with Q3 BMI and Q1–Q2 BRI demonstrated reduced odds for GDM (aOR 0.31, 0.15–0.63) and cesarean (aOR 0.75, 0.60–0.94). Participants with Q4 BMI and Q1–Q3 BRI experienced decreased odds for cesarean (aOR 0.55, 0.43–0.70) but similar GDM odds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Greater first trimester BRI, a reflection of central adiposity, is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Early pregnancy BRI may improve risk stratification for GDM and cesarean delivery beyond BMI.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"34 9","pages":"1818-1829"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.70274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148681696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Effectiveness of Semaglutide and Tirzepatide Compared With Bariatric Surgery","authors":"Avery Brown,&nbsp;Suhani S. Patel,&nbsp;Akio Kozato,&nbsp;Babak J. Orandi,&nbsp;Allan Massie,&nbsp;Alexander Hien Vu,&nbsp;Eduardo Somoza,&nbsp;Tony Mei,&nbsp;Sunita Desai,&nbsp;Donglan S. Zhang,&nbsp;Dorry Segev,&nbsp;Akuezunkpa Ude Welcome,&nbsp;Christine Ren-Fielding,&nbsp;Manish Parikh,&nbsp;Karan R. Chhabra","doi":"10.1002/oby.70246","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.70246","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Directly compare the real-world effectiveness of semaglutide and tirzepatide to bariatric operations: sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study included adults with BMI ≥ 35 who received injectable semaglutide or tirzepatide (GLP-1RAs) or sleeve gastrectomy or gastric bypass (bariatric surgery) at two urban health systems from 2018 to 2024. Total weight loss (TWL) was compared up to 3 years post treatment with inverse probability weighting and mixed linear models. Intention-to-treat (any GLP-1RA) and per-protocol (1 year of continuous GLP-1RA orders) analyses were performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 44,025 patients studied, bariatric surgery was associated with greater weight loss at 1, 2, and 3 years post treatment: semaglutide (<i>n</i> = 25,804) TWL (95% CI): 5.4% (5.3%–5.6%), 6.5% (6.4%–6.7%), and 7.4% (7.3%–7.6%); tirzepatide (<i>n</i> = 7308): 9.1% (8.9%–9.4%) and 10.8% (10.2%–11.3%); sleeve gastrectomy (<i>n</i> = 8728): 24.4% (24.3%–24.6%), 22.4% (22.3%–22.5%), and 22.0% (21.8%–22.1%); gastric bypass (<i>n</i> = 2185): 29.8% (29.7%–29.9%), 28.1% (28.0%–28.2%), and 28.4% (28.3%–28.5%). With 1 year of continuous GLP-1RA, findings were: semaglutide TWL: 7.2% (7.0%–7.4%), 8.0% (7.8%–8.2%), and 8.8% (8.6%–9.0%); tirzepatide TWL: 11.7% (11.4%–11.9%) and 11.9% (11.5%–12.3%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this retrospective two-center study, bariatric surgery was associated with greater weight loss than GLP-1RAs among patients eligible for both options.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"34 8","pages":"1583-1591"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148321386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appetite Suppression by GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Role of Delayed Gastric Emptying","authors":"Mark I. Friedman,&nbsp;W. Scott Harmsen,&nbsp;Michael Camilleri","doi":"10.1002/oby.70255","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.70255","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to evaluate relationships between delayed gastric emptying and appetite suppression during treatment with liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a secondary data analysis from a 16-week randomized, placebo-controlled liraglutide trial in patients with obesity. We examined correlations between solid food gastric emptying and measurements of satiation and energy intake in the entire cohorts at baseline and end of treatment and separately in placebo- and liraglutide-treated patients who completed the trial. We also compared appetitive measures among liraglutide-treated participants who displayed either normal, persistently delayed, or transiently delayed emptying during treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the entire cohorts at baseline and completion, gastric emptying correlated significantly with energy intake and, at baseline, with one parameter of satiation. Gastric emptying accounted for only 4%–6% of the variance in these appetitive measures. No such correlations were found in the placebo- or liraglutide-treated groups alone. There were no differences in appetitive measures among the subgroups that displayed different gastric emptying patterns during liraglutide treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Delayed gastric emptying appears to play little direct role in appetite suppression induced by liraglutide. Further research should explore whether delayed emptying or other gastrointestinal effects of other GLP-1RAs affect appetite directly or indirectly.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 <b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02647944</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"34 8","pages":"1535-1540"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.70255","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148378883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASK1-Induced FGF21 Synthesis in the Liver Prevents Obesity in Mice","authors":"Anne Goergen,&nbsp;Tenagne D. Challa,&nbsp;Carlos Villaroel-Vicente,&nbsp;Marcela Borsigova,&nbsp;Pim P. van Krieken,&nbsp;Christian Wolfrum,&nbsp;Matthias Blüher,&nbsp;Stephan Wueest,&nbsp;Daniel Konrad","doi":"10.1002/oby.70261","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.70261","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a stress-induced hormone secreted by the liver. It has a beneficial role in the regulation of glucose and energy metabolism. Herein, we identify apoptosis signal regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) as an inducer of hepatic FGF21 synthesis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Glucose and energy metabolism were assessed in liver-specific ASK1 overexpressing (ASK1^+hep) and control littermate (ASK1^f/f) mice fed a regular chow or high fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks. Liver and fat depots were analyzed using RNA sequencing. Hepatic <i>Fgf21</i> expression was downregulated using adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing short-hairpin RNA sequences. <i>ASK1</i> and <i>FGF21</i> expression was determined in human liver samples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>HFD-fed ASK1^+hep mice exhibited improved glucose metabolism, elevated energy expenditure, and reduced body weight. FGF21 plasma levels were increased in HFD-fed ASK1^+hep mice, and its reduction in vivo blunted beneficial effects on obesity. Mechanistically, ASK1 promoted hepatic <i>Fgf21</i> gene expression via the transcription factor ATF4. In humans, hepatic <i>ASK1</i> expression correlated positively with <i>FGF21</i> and negatively with BMI and visceral fat area.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We describe a novel role of hepatic ASK1 in the synthesis of FGF21. Hence, increasing hepatic <i>ASK1</i> expression might be a novel strategy to combat obesity-associated metabolic complications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"34 8","pages":"1635-1646"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.70261","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148475026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}