Schizophrenia Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"The Relationship Among Range Adaptation, Social Anhedonia, and Social Functioning: A Combined Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Resting-State fMRI Study","authors":"Ling-ling Wang, Gai-ying Li, Chao Yan, Yi Wang, Yan Gao, Ya Wang, Simon S Y Lui, Jian-Qi Li, Raymond C K Chan","doi":"10.1093/schbul/sbad116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbad116","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Hypothesis Social anhedonia is a core feature of schizotypy and correlates significantly with social functioning and range adaptation. Range adaptation refers to representing a stimulus value based on its relative position in the range of pre-experienced values. This study aimed to examine the resting-state neural correlates of range adaptation and its associations with social anhedonia and social functioning. Study Design In study 1, 60 participants completed resting-state magnetic resonance spectroscopy and fMRI scans. Range adaptation was assessed by a valid effort-based decision-making paradigm. Self-reported questionnaires was used to measure social anhedonia and social functioning. Study 2 utilized 26 pairs of participants with high (HSoA) and low levels of social anhedonia (LSoA) to examine the group difference in range adaptation’s neural correlates and its relationship with social anhedonia and social functioning. An independent sample of 40 pairs of HSoA and LSoA was used to verify the findings. Study Results Study 1 showed that range adaptation correlated with excitation–inhibition balance (EIB) and ventral prefrontal cortex (vPFC) functional connectivity, which in turn correlating positively with social functioning. Range adaptation was specifically determined by the EIB via mediation of ventral-medial prefrontal cortex functional connectivities. Study 2 found HSoA and LSoA participants exhibiting comparable EIB and vPFC connectivities. However, EIB and vPFC connectivities were negatively correlated with social anhedonia and social functioning in HSoA participants. Conclusions EIB and vPFC functional connectivity is putative neural correlates for range adaptation. Such neural correlates are associated with social anhedonia and social functioning.","PeriodicalId":21530,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amygdala Function, Blood Flow, and Functional Connectivity in Nonclinical Schizotypy","authors":"Igor Nenadić, Jonas Hoffmann, Andrea Federspiel, Sebastian Walther, Ahmad Abu-Akel, Andreas Jansen, Tina Meller","doi":"10.1093/schbul/sbae171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbae171","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Hypothesis Schizotypy can be utilized as a phenotypic risk marker for schizophrenia and its spectrum and might relate to putative dimensional biological markers of the psychosis spectrum. Among these are amygdala function and structure, which are impaired in schizophrenia, but possibly also correlated with subclinical expression of schizotypy in nonclinical samples. We tested whether different parameters relating to amygdala function would be different in healthy subjects with relatively higher vs lower schizotypy traits. Study Design Sixty-three psychiatrically healthy subjects (42 with higher vs 21 with lower schizotypy scores, selected on the basis of the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences positive schizotypy subscale) underwent a multimodal imaging protocol, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a task-based emotional (fearful) face recognition paradigm, arterial spin labeling for measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) at rest, and resting-state fMRI for functional connectivity (FC) analyses, as well as a T1-weighted structural MRI scan. Study Results The high schizotypy group showed significantly higher right amygdala activation during viewing of fearful emotional images and lower resting-state FC of the left amygdala with a cerebellum cluster, but no differences in resting-state amygdala rCBF or volume. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate a functionally relevant effect of schizotypy on amygdala activation in the absence of baseline rCBF or macroscopic structure. This suggests that while schizotypy might affect some functional or structural parameters in the brain, certain functionally relevant effects only emerge during cognitive or emotional triggers.","PeriodicalId":21530,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capturing Motor Signs in Psychosis: How the New Technologies Can Improve Assessment and Treatment?","authors":"Juliette Lozano-Goupil, Vijay A Mittal","doi":"10.1093/schbul/sbaf010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaf010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Motor signs are critical features of psychosis that remain underutilized in clinical practice. These signs, including social motor behaviors, mechanistically relevant motor signs, and other motor abnormalities, have demonstrated potential as biomarkers for early detection and intervention. However, their application in clinical settings remains limited due to challenges such as cost, accessibility, and integration into clinical workflows. Recent advancements in related research fields, such as Human Movement Sciences and Affective Computing, offer promising solutions, enabling scalable and precise measurement of patients motor signs. In this editorial, we explore the spectrum of motor signs and highlight the evolving role of motor assessments in psychosis research. By examining traditional assessment methods alongside alternative and innovative tools, we underscore the potential of leveraging technology and methodology to bridge the gap between research and clinical application, ultimately advancing personalized care and improving outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21530,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Enigma of Hallucinations.","authors":"Susan Weiner","doi":"10.1093/schbul/sbaf025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaf025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21530,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polygenic Resilience Scores are Associated With Lower Penetrance of Schizophrenia Risk Genes, Protection Against Psychiatric and Medical Disorders, and Enhanced Mental Well-Being and Cognition","authors":"Jonathan L Hess, Eric J Barnett, Jiahui Hou, Stephen V Faraone, Stephen J Glatt","doi":"10.1093/schbul/sbae210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbae210","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Hypothesis In the past decade, significant advances have been made in finding genomic risk loci for schizophrenia (SCZ). This, in turn, has enabled the search for SCZ resilience loci that mitigate the impact of SCZ risk genes. We identified the first genomic resilience profile for SCZ, completely independent from known risk loci for SCZ, though it remains unclear whether resilience loci foster protection against adverse states associated with SCZ involving clinical, cognitive, and brain-structural phenotypes. Study Design We analyzed genomic and phenotypic data from 459 784 participants from the UK Biobank, using regression models to estimate interaction effects of resilience and SCZ risk scores on phenotypes spanning multiple scales. Study Results We found that resilience loci for SCZ afforded protection against lifetime psychiatric (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety, and depression) and medical disorders (such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular, and digestive and metabolic disorders). Resilience loci also moderated the impact of SCZ loci, associated with protection against self-harm behavior and greater fluid intelligence scores. The main effects of resilience are also observed in the absence of a moderating effect in some instances, such as associations with larger brain structures. Conclusions Overall, this study highlights a wide range of phenotypes that are significantly associated with resilience loci within the general population, revealing distinct patterns separate from those associated with SCZ risk loci. Resilience loci may protect against serious psychiatric and medical outcomes, comorbidities, and cognitive impairment. Therefore, it is conceivable that resilience loci facilitate adaptive processes linked to improved health and life expectancy.","PeriodicalId":21530,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Social Cognitive and Neurocognitive Performance Across Autism and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders","authors":"Ayesha G Rashidi, Lindsay D Oliver, Iska Moxon-Emre, Colin Hawco, Erin W Dickie, Ruyi Pan, Maria T Secara, Ju-Chi Yu, Peter Szatmari, Pushpal Desarkar, George Foussias, Robert W Buchanan, Anil K Malhotra, Meng-Chuan Lai, Aristotle N Voineskos, Stephanie H Ameis","doi":"10.1093/schbul/sbaf005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaf005","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Hypothesis Social cognitive and neurocognitive performance is impacted in autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). Here, we compared social cognitive and neurocognitive performance across a large transdiagnostic sample of participants with autism, SSDs, and typically developing controls (TDCs). Study Design Participants (total N = 584; autism N = 100, SSDs N = 275, TDCs N = 209; aged 16–55 years; 61% male assigned at birth) completed lower-level (eg, emotion processing) and higher-level (eg, theory of mind) social cognitive tasks, the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, and a measure of social functioning. Nonparametric groupwise comparisons were undertaken, adjusting for age and sex, and within-group correlations were used to examine associations between social cognition, neurocognition, and social functioning. Study Results Autistic and SSD groups performed worse than TDCs on lower- and higher-level social cognitive tasks, with few autism–SSD differences found. Autism and SSDs had lower neurocognitive scores than TDCs; SSDs demonstrated lower processing speed, working memory, verbal learning, and visual learning versus autism. Positive associations between social cognitive tasks and neurocognition were observed across groups, and self-reported measures of empathy were consistently correlated with social functioning. Conclusions This study represents the largest transdiagnostic comparison of both social cognition and neurocognition in an autism/SSD sample reported to date. Autistic participants and those with SSDs showed similar performance on lower- and higher-level social cognitive tasks relative to controls, while neurocognition was less impacted in autism versus SSDs. These findings underscore the importance of transdiagnostic research into the mechanisms underlying social cognitive deficits and highlight the potential for developing transdiagnostic interventions.","PeriodicalId":21530,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripheral Microvascular and Cerebral White Matter Dysfunction in Schizophrenia: Implications of a Body-Brain Endothelial Pathophysiology","authors":"Eric L Goldwaser, Alexa Yuen, Wyatt Marshall, Bhim M Adhikari, Joshua Chiappelli, Andrew van der Vaart, Mark Kvarta, Yizhou Ma, Xiaoming Du, Si Gao, Heather Bruce, Patrick Donnelly, Braxton Mitchell, Charles Hong, Danny J J Wang, Peter Kochunov, L Elliot Hong","doi":"10.1093/schbul/sbaf020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaf020","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Hypothesis Schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) is a chronic neuropsychiatric illness accompanied by significant brain structural and functional abnormalities and higher rate of cardio- and cerebrovascular comorbidities. We hypothesized that genetic and environmental risk factors that led to SSD act throughout the body and demonstrated the association between lower integrity of peripheral vascular endothelium and white matter (WM) microstructure. Study Design Microvascular endothelial function was evaluated using brachial artery post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH), in which endothelial responses are measured under reduced blood flow and after blood flow is restored. White matter microstructure was assessed by multi-shell diffusion tensor imaging in n = 48 healthy controls (HCs) and n = 46 SSD. Study Results Patients showed significantly lower PORH (F1,90 = 5.31, P = .02) effect and lower whole-brain fractional anisotropy (FA) values by diffusion imaging (F1,84 = 7.46, P = .008) with a group × post-occlusion time interaction effect (F3,90 = 4.58, P = .02). The PORH and whole-brain FA were significantly correlated in the full sample (r = 0.28, P = .01) and in SSD (r = 0.4, P = .008) separately, but not HC (r = 0.18, P = .28). Conclusions This study demonstrated, for the first time, significantly lower integrity of vascular endothelium in participants with SSD and showed that it is associated with WM microstructural abnormalities. Together, these findings support the need for a more holistic, body-brain approach to study the pathophysiology of SSD.","PeriodicalId":21530,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Delayed Positive Effects of tDCS on Improving Introspective Accuracy in Social Cognition in Schizophrenia","authors":"Linlin Fan, Emily Bass, Hans Klein, Cassi Springfield, Sven Vanneste, Amy E Pinkham","doi":"10.1093/schbul/sbaf014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaf014","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Hypothesis Impairments in introspective accuracy (IA) are prominent among schizophrenia patients and detrimentally affect daily functioning, making IA a potential therapeutic target. Recent research highlights the role of the right rostrolateral prefrontal cortex (rlPFC) in IA and suggests that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to this region may improve it. Therefore, we tested whether applying tDCS to the right rlPFC could enhance IA for schizophrenia patients and explored the potential order/delayed effects. Study Design A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled crossover design was used. Patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (N = 40) underwent 2 tDCS sessions targeting right rlPFC (one was active stimulation and the other was sham) about a week apart. After each session, participants completed executive function and emotion recognition tasks for evaluating IA. Study Results When ignoring order effects, tDCS did not affect performance, IA, or confidence ratings across 3 tasks, except for increased confidence ratings in the cognitive task after active stimulation versus sham. However, considering order effects revealed significant interaction effects between condition and order for both task performance and IA. The group receiving active stimulation at visit 1 (Active First) generally improved over time in both cognitive and social cognitive task performance and in social cognitive IA, specifically for emotion recognition ability. In contrast, the group receiving sham stimulation at visit 1 (Sham First) showed no change in performance or IA over time. Conclusions Our findings provide preliminary evidence for potential positive, but delayed, effects of tDCS in improving task performance and IA in schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":21530,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parent-Rated Schizotypy and Clinician-Rated Psychotic Experiences in Early Adolescence as Predictors of Schizophrenia Diagnosis by Middle Adulthood.","authors":"Kirstie J M O'Hare, Richie Poulton, Richard J Linscott","doi":"10.1093/schbul/sbad158","DOIUrl":"10.1093/schbul/sbad158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and hypothesis: </strong>Subclinical psychotic symptoms (also known as psychotic experiences comprising positive features only, and schizotypy comprising positive, negative, and disorganized features) are important markers of schizophrenia liability. Different assessment methods detect different sources of meaningful variance and are vulnerable to different biases and sources of measurement error. Whereas interview-rated psychotic symptoms in childhood are known to predict adult schizophrenia diagnosis, the predictive value of parent-rated psychotic symptoms remains unknown. We tested whether clinician-rated psychotic symptoms and parent-rated positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy in early adolescence are nonredundant predictors of schizophrenia diagnosis by age 38 years.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>In a representative birth cohort (n = 1037) from Dunedin, New Zealand, psychotic symptoms were assessed by clinical interview at age 11 years, schizotypy was assessed by parent or caregiver ratings at ages 13- and 15 years, and lifetime schizophrenia diagnosis was assessed throughout adulthood until age 38 years. We tested for redundancy using bootstrapped multivariable logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Study results: </strong>Clinician-rated psychotic symptoms at age 11 predicted adult schizophrenia diagnosis (OR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.42, 5.06), as did parent-rated total schizotypy (OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.42, 2.36). In univariable models, clinician-rated psychotic experiences and parent-rated positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy were significant predictors of schizophrenia diagnosis. In multivariable models where clinician- and parent-rated scores were entered, only parent-rated negative and disorganized schizotypy did not predict adult schizophrenia diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Parent-rated schizotypy and clinician-rated subclinical psychotic symptoms are valid, nonredundant indicators of lifetime risk for schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":21530,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin","volume":"51 Supplement_2","pages":"S107-S114"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Susceptibility to the Environment Moderates the Impact of Childhood Experiences on Psychotic, Depressive, and Anxiety Dimensions.","authors":"Neus Barrantes-Vidal, Pilar Torrecilla, Patricia Mas-Bermejo, Sergi Papiol, Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marinus H van IJzendoorn, Alexia Jolicoeur-Martineau, Thomas R Kwapil, Araceli Rosa","doi":"10.1093/schbul/sbad130","DOIUrl":"10.1093/schbul/sbad130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and hypothesis: </strong>Gene-by-environment (GxE) studies in psychosis have exclusively focused on negative exposures. However, evidence supports the resilience-enhancing effect of positive factors on psychosis outcome. The Differential Susceptibility (DS) model proposes that common genetic variants may confer not only disproportionate responsiveness to negative environments, but also greater sensitivity to positive, resilience-enhancing conditions. This study is the first to apply the DS model to the expression of subclinical psychosis, employing polygenic risk scores of environmental sensitivity (PRS-ES). PRS-ES were hypothesized to moderate, in a DS manner, associations between childhood adversity and psychosis, affective, and anxiety dimensions in young adults. An exploratory goal examined whether PRS for psychotic-like experiences (PRS-PLE) also showed DS patterns.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>PRS, schizotypy, PLE, depression, anxiety, and childhood adversity ratings were obtained for 197 nonclinical young adults. LEGIT software for testing competitive-confirmatory GxE models was employed.</p><p><strong>Study results: </strong>Results largely supported DS: Individuals high on PRS-ES showed increased subclinical psychosis, depression, and anxiety if they had experienced elevated childhood adversity, and lower symptoms if exposed to low levels of adversity as compared with those with low PRS-ES. Similarly, PRS-PLE moderated the effect of adversity on PLE, positive schizotypy, and depression following the DS model, but only PRS-ES moderation on PLE survived statistical correction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that genetic DS to the environment is relevant to psychosis, depression, and anxiety. Current debates on reconceptualization of genetic \"risk\" and resilience may benefit from this insight that support optimistic views on preventative efforts for early detection and intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":21530,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin","volume":"51 Supplement_2","pages":"S95-S106"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}