Scandinavian Journal of Immunology最新文献_第3页

Dupilumab in Severe Atopic Dermatitis With Phosphoglucomutase 3 Deficiency. 杜匹单抗治疗重度特应性皮炎伴磷酸糖脲酶3缺乏症。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1111/sji.70139

Muhammed Aydin, Zeynep Meric, Dilan Demir Gumus, Ayse Tufan, Yusuf Demir, Tanyel Zubarioglu, Ertugrul Kiykim, Cigdem Aktuglu-Zeybek, Muazzez Çiğdem Oba, Esra Yucel, Ayca Kiykim

引用次数: 0

Recent Thymic Emigrant Levels in Inborn Errors of Immunity: Is Their Diagnostic Value Greater Than We Think? 先天性免疫错误的近期胸腺移民水平：它们的诊断价值比我们想象的要高吗？

IF 2.4 4区医学

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1111/sji.70133

Selami Ulaş, Serdar Al, Sezin Naiboğlu, Kübra Yırgın, Sibel Kaplan, Gülşah Kalay, Nermin Kapçı, Özge Türkyılmaz Uçar, Erkan Çakmak, Ahmet Sert, Meryem Özçelik, Burcu Çil, Şeyda Köse, Simge Kılıçoğlu, Pınar Gökmirza, Çiğdem Aydoğmuş

{"title":"Recent Thymic Emigrant Levels in Inborn Errors of Immunity: Is Their Diagnostic Value Greater Than We Think?","authors":"Selami Ulaş, Serdar Al, Sezin Naiboğlu, Kübra Yırgın, Sibel Kaplan, Gülşah Kalay, Nermin Kapçı, Özge Türkyılmaz Uçar, Erkan Çakmak, Ahmet Sert, Meryem Özçelik, Burcu Çil, Şeyda Köse, Simge Kılıçoğlu, Pınar Gökmirza, Çiğdem Aydoğmuş","doi":"10.1111/sji.70133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sji.70133","url":null,"abstract":"We aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of Recent Thymic Emigrant (RTE) levels for diagnostic discrimination among various Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) subgroups. We analysed 205 paediatric patients diagnosed with IEI at the Paediatric Immunology and Allergy Department of Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital in Istanbul between January 2021 and January 2024. An age- and sex-matched control group consisting of 31 healthy children was also included for comparison. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were evaluated. Reduced RTE levels were identified in 39% of all patients. Low RTE levels were most pronounced in patients with syndromic combined immunodeficiency (77%) and immune dysregulation (100%), and were also observed at high frequencies in combined immunodeficiency (CID) (60%) and autoinflammatory disorders (57.1%). For the syndromic CID group, the diagnostic performance of RTE yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80, with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 52%. In the immune dysregulation group, the AUC was 0.79, with a sensitivity of 83.5% and a specificity of 57.1%. Assessment of RTE levels represents a valuable diagnostic biomarker, particularly for patients within the syndromic CID and immune dysregulation categories. This parameter may contribute meaningfully to clinical practice by facilitating early diagnosis, guiding genetic testing and enabling assessment of thymic function. Incorporating thymic output assessment into routine immunophenotyping panels may shorten the diagnostic timeline for IEI and allow earlier initiation of appropriate therapies.","PeriodicalId":21493,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Immunology","volume":"104 1","pages":"e70133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148369644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Therapeutic Potential of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Neuroinflammatory Diseases. 2组先天淋巴样细胞在神经炎性疾病中的治疗潜力。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1111/sji.70131

Qinhui Ye, Qun Yu, An Ping

{"title":"Therapeutic Potential of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Neuroinflammatory Diseases.","authors":"Qinhui Ye, Qun Yu, An Ping","doi":"10.1111/sji.70131","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sji.70131","url":null,"abstract":"Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are tissue-resident immune cells that regulate type 2 immunity, neuroimmune communication, inflammation resolution and tissue repair. Although ILC2s are best characterized in peripheral barrier tissues, increasing evidence indicates that they also participate in central nervous system (CNS) immunity. In the healthy adult CNS, ILC2s are mainly located in border compartments such as the meninges and choroid plexus, while they are rare in brain parenchyma. After CNS injury, however, ILC2s can expand or infiltrate injured tissues and contribute to immune regulation, angiogenesis and neurorepair. This review summarizes peripheral ILC2 features most relevant to neuroinflammatory therapy, including neuropeptide responsiveness, reparative functions and maladaptive remodelling risks. We then discuss ILC2 distribution and function in the dura/meninges, choroid plexus and injured brain parenchyma. Recent studies reveal that CNS-associated ILC2s regulate microglia/macrophages through IL-4 and IL-13, recruit eosinophils through IL-5, promote post-stroke angiogenic initiation through α-CGRP, and support neural stem/progenitor cell-mediated repair through amphiregulin. We further discuss therapeutic opportunities and challenges, including targeted homing, stage-dependent repair effects, ILC2 plasticity and ex vivo expansion for cell therapy. These findings position ILC2s as multifunctional neuroimmune effectors with potential therapeutic value in neuroinflammatory diseases.","PeriodicalId":21493,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Immunology","volume":"104 1","pages":"e70131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148397773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decreased PD-1⁺ NK and T Cell Populations in Peritoneal Fluid contribute to Immune Dysregulation in Endometriosis. 子宫内膜异位症患者腹膜液中PD-1+ NK和T细胞群减少导致免疫失调。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1111/sji.70138

Anna Tresso, Niharika Thota, Chloe James, Natasha Borash, Emily Brennan, Shima Bayat, Beverley Vollenhoven, Thomas Tapmeier

{"title":"Decreased PD-1+ NK and T Cell Populations in Peritoneal Fluid contribute to Immune Dysregulation in Endometriosis.","authors":"Anna Tresso, Niharika Thota, Chloe James, Natasha Borash, Emily Brennan, Shima Bayat, Beverley Vollenhoven, Thomas Tapmeier","doi":"10.1111/sji.70138","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sji.70138","url":null,"abstract":"Endometriosis is associated with chronic pelvic pain, largely due to immune dysregulation within the peritoneal cavity. The activation status of peritoneal immune cells is not well understood, and comparisons with systemic immune cells may provide insights for diagnosing and treating inflammation and pain in endometriosis. To investigate immune cell activation and inhibition status in peritoneal fluid and blood in endometriosis patients using full-spectrum flow cytometry. This study included patients undergoing laparoscopy for diagnosis or treatment of peritoneal endometriosis or for unrelated conditions; peritoneal fluid was collected from n = 6 endometriosis patients and n = 8 controls, and matched blood from n = 5 endometriosis patients and n = 7 controls. Immune cells were analysed using a 20-marker full-spectrum flow cytometry panel. Data were analysed for statistical significance using the Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney U test, with a p value below 0.05 considered significant. The main differences between endometriosis and control samples were found in lymphoid populations in peritoneal fluid and myeloid populations in blood. Contrary to our expectations, the expression of PD-1 on peritoneal fluid NK and T cell populations was significantly lower in endometriosis than in controls (p < 0.05). The significant decrease in immune checkpoint PD-1 expression represents a novel immunopathological feature of endometriosis and highlights potential therapeutic targets for managing inflammation and pain through immune checkpoint modulation.","PeriodicalId":21493,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Immunology","volume":"104 1","pages":"e70138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13358009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148431099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a Detection Method for Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor and Its Application in Predicting Prognosis of Severe COVID-19. 可溶性尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体检测方法的建立及其在预测重症COVID-19预后中的应用

IF 2.4 4区医学

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1111/sji.70130

Yulin Yang, Zebin Zhou, Liping Yuan, Hongliang Chen, Shixing Tang

{"title":"Development of a Detection Method for Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor and Its Application in Predicting Prognosis of Severe COVID-19.","authors":"Yulin Yang, Zebin Zhou, Liping Yuan, Hongliang Chen, Shixing Tang","doi":"10.1111/sji.70130","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sji.70130","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying sensitive and specific blood biomarkers for early warning of severe COVID-19 remains a critical clinical need. Based on previous findings of elevated cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood, we developed a novel luciferase immunosorbent assay (LISA) that selectively quantifies biologically active full-length suPAR and can eliminate interference from inactive fragments measured by conventional ELISA. Compared with conventional ELISA, LISA showed a lower detection limit (5.08 vs. 45.72 pg/mL) and a wider linear range (45.72-100,000.00 vs. 1234.46-11,111.11 pg/mL). In adult COVID-19 patients, suPAR levels were significantly elevated in severe cases (p < 0.001) and correlated positively with NLR and SII (p = 0.003 for each), and with IL-6 (p < 0.001), but negatively with lymphocyte count (p = 0.004). suPAR outperformed conventional inflammatory markers in predicting severe disease (AUC = 0.785) and adverse outcomes (AUC = 0.912), supporting its role as an independent predictor. In paediatric COVID-19 patients, suPAR remained superior to other single peripheral blood biomarkers for severity prediction, despite weaker correlations with inflammatory indices. This study establishes a reliable method for quantifying functionally intact suPAR and demonstrates its age-dependent predictive value, highlighting its potential for individualized risk stratification in COVID-19 patients.","PeriodicalId":21493,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Immunology","volume":"104 1","pages":"e70130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148318750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RETRACTION: Interleukin-13 Induces T Helper Type 2 Immune Responses in OVA-Immunized BALB/c Mice Bearing a T Cell Lymphoma. 撤回：白细胞介素-13在ova免疫的携带T细胞淋巴瘤的BALB/c小鼠中诱导T辅助型2免疫应答。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology Pub Date : 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/sji.70132

引用次数: 0

Virulence Factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis in Periodontitis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Clinical Implications. 牙周炎和类风湿关节炎中牙龈卟啉单胞菌的毒力因子：临床意义。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology Pub Date : 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/sji.70128

S Silva Daniela, Kaminska Marta, Mizgalska Danuta, Potempa Jan, de Vries Charlotte, Lundberg Karin, P da Silva José António, P Baptista Isabel, Mydel Piotr

{"title":"Virulence Factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis in Periodontitis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Clinical Implications.","authors":"S Silva Daniela, Kaminska Marta, Mizgalska Danuta, Potempa Jan, de Vries Charlotte, Lundberg Karin, P da Silva José António, P Baptista Isabel, Mydel Piotr","doi":"10.1111/sji.70128","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sji.70128","url":null,"abstract":"Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), has been implicated in exacerbating inflammatory arthritis through its virulence factors. Understanding the role of these factors could inform strategies to mitigate both periodontal and synovial inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of P. gingivalis virulence factors and their potential impact on disease activity in patients with periodontitis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), or both conditions. Patients with RA (n = 22), RA plus periodontitis (n = 22), periodontitis (n = 10), and healthy controls (n = 35), were compared for C-reactive protein levels, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide IgG, peptidylarginine-deiminase (PAD)2/4 activity and anti-P. gingivalis virulence-associated gingipain antibodies. All patients with periodontitis were compared for P. gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Prevotella intermedia colony-forming units, and gene variants of P. gingivalis, including PAD (P.PAD), major fimbriae (fimA), lysine-gingipain (kgp), and receptor antigen gene B (ragB). Higher mean clinical periodontal attachment loss was observed with P.PAD type 1 (p = 0.033). The major fimbriae and lysine-gingipain gene variants showed distinct distributions between groups. Anti-gingipain IgG levels showed positive correlations with RA disease activity. Despite limitations, this study supports a role for P. gingivalis in exacerbating periodontitis and RA underscoring the importance of P. gingivalis virulence factors in disease modulation and highlighting potential therapeutic strategies. Further research is needed to elucidate mechanistic pathways and develop effective interventions. Trial Registration: ISRCTN 17950307; https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN17950307.","PeriodicalId":21493,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Immunology","volume":"103 6","pages":"e70128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148239950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Crohn's Disease Enteritis: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches. 克罗恩病肠炎：病理生理机制和治疗方法。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology Pub Date : 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/sji.70129

Liping Jia, Hongzhi Wang

{"title":"Crohn's Disease Enteritis: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches.","authors":"Liping Jia, Hongzhi Wang","doi":"10.1111/sji.70129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sji.70129","url":null,"abstract":"Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic, relapsing-remitting inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, highlighting the interplay between intestinal epithelial cells, dysregulated immune responses, gut microbiota and environmental triggers in CD. Key genetic susceptibilities (e.g., NOD2, ATG16L1, IL23R) and dysregulated T-cell signalling, particularly involving T-helper 1 (Th1) and T-helper 17 (Th17) pathways, are central to CD pathogenesis. The progression of the disease is driven by complex cytokine and chemokine networks (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17), epithelial barrier dysfunction and microbial dysbiosis, all of which contribute to chronic inflammation and mucosal damage. Advanced models, including organoids and patient-derived xenografts, have elucidated these mechanisms, aiding in biomarker discovery and drug development. Diagnostic advancements such as capsule endoscopy, magnetic resonance enterography, faecal calprotectin and molecular assays enable precise characterization of CD phenotypes and activity. Therapeutic strategies now encompass targeted biologics that neutralize key cytokines, small-molecule Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors that interrupt intracellular inflammatory signalling and emerging modalities targeting epithelial repair and microbiome restoration. Despite significant progress, challenges persist in managing refractory CD, including loss of response to biologics and fibrostenotic or fistulizing complications. Personalized approaches based on immunological profiling, microbiota composition and molecular diagnostics hold promise for more effective interventions. This review underscores the complexity of intestinal inflammation in CD and advocates for integrated, personalized strategies to improve patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":21493,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Immunology","volume":"103 6","pages":"e70129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148278712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Novel Biomarker for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Serum Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4-Potentiating Activity in an Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibody-Positive At-Risk Population. 类风湿关节炎的新生物标志物：抗瓜氨酸蛋白抗体阳性高危人群血清肽精氨酸脱亚胺酶4增强活性

IF 2.4 4区医学

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/sji.70119

Marta Kaminska, Vijay Joshua, Ewa Bielecka, Tomasz Kantyka, Maja Chrobak, Karin Lundberg, Aase Hensvold, Jan Potempa, Piotr Mydel

{"title":"Novel Biomarker for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Serum Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4-Potentiating Activity in an Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibody-Positive At-Risk Population.","authors":"Marta Kaminska, Vijay Joshua, Ewa Bielecka, Tomasz Kantyka, Maja Chrobak, Karin Lundberg, Aase Hensvold, Jan Potempa, Piotr Mydel","doi":"10.1111/sji.70119","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sji.70119","url":null,"abstract":"Enzymes like peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) generate citrullinated epitopes that are crucial in triggering and driving the anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) response in rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we assessed whether serum PAD4-potentiating activity is associated with subsequent arthritis development among ACPA-positive individuals during the pre-clinical phase. The study included 267 ACPA-positive individuals from the Karolinska Risk-RA cohort, among whom 101 (37.8%) developed arthritis within the observational period (range 22-60 months). We measured the ability of serum to potentiate PAD4 activity by quantifying the generation of citrullinated products using high-performance HPLC. Study participants were then classified as PAD4act-positive or -negative, and PAD4 status analysed in relation to onset of arthritis, clinical characteristics (ESR, CRP and DAS28) and established risk factors (HLA-DRB genotype, smoking). PAD4act-positivity was identified in 35 individuals, with a significant proportion (21, p = 0.0049) developing arthritis. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that individuals with PAD4act-positivity had increased rate of progressing to arthritis (p = 0.0022). Additionally, PAD4act-positive individuals were more likely to possess at least one copy of the HLA-DRB shared epitope allele (p = 0.045). Notably, PAD4act-positivity did not associate with pre-clinical CRP, ESR, DAS28, or smoking status. These findings suggest that serum PAD4-potentiating activity may help stratify arthritis risk and time to onset among ACPA-positive at-risk individuals.","PeriodicalId":21493,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Immunology","volume":"103 5","pages":"e70119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13183999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147974942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abnormal Expression of Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling (SOCS) Molecules Contributes to the Development of Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. 细胞因子信号抑制因子（SOCS）分子的异常表达与多发性硬化症和实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎的发展有关

IF 2.4 4区医学

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/sji.70113

Abdollah Jafarzadeh, Narges Mikaeili, Zahra Jafarzadeh

{"title":"Abnormal Expression of Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling (SOCS) Molecules Contributes to the Development of Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.","authors":"Abdollah Jafarzadeh, Narges Mikaeili, Zahra Jafarzadeh","doi":"10.1111/sji.70113","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sji.70113","url":null,"abstract":"To regulate immune and inflammatory responses, suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins bind to multiple signalling components downstream of cytokine receptors, such as Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT). Dysfunctional SOCS proteins in immune and tissue-resident cells may contribute to chronic inflammation. Abnormal expression of SOCS proteins, including SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3, SOCS5, SOCS6, and SOCS7, has been reported in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), playing a vital role in disease pathogenesis. The expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 varies across different cell types and stages of the disease. Genetic polymorphisms, epigenetic modifications, microRNAs, cytokines, hormones, therapeutic agents, and gender factors can influence SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression in MS patients and EAE mice. The functional impact of SOCS1 and SOCS3 is cell-type specific, with distinct roles in T cell subsets, microglia/macrophages, dendritic cells, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. In particular, SOCS1 and SOCS3 affect T cell subset differentiation, Th17/Treg cell balance, microglial/macrophage polarization, dendritic cell functions, as well as oligodendrocyte survival and activity. Therapeutic approaches targeting SOCS molecules, including SOCS1 mimetic peptides, have demonstrated promise in EAE models. This review provides a comprehensive explanation regarding the expression patterns of SOCS molecules in MS patients and EAE model, factors affecting their expression and their mechanistic role in disease immunopathogenesis, as well as highlights their potential as a therapeutic target for MS.","PeriodicalId":21493,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Immunology","volume":"103 5","pages":"e70113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147820169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0