Samara Journal of Science最新文献

{"title":"«It was a great, noble work of a selfless worker» (to the biography of P.A. Preobrazhensky)","authors":"E. Sumburova","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121214","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the main stages of the life path, scientific and socio-pedagogical activity of Pavel Aleksandrovich Preobrazhensky, a teacher, historian and public figure who lived in Samara at the turn of the 1920 centuries. The biographical study was built with the involvement of archival materials, published sources and memoirs of P.A. Preobrazhenskys students. The author notes the circumstances of the formation of the character and life principles of the future teacher, and the significant role of the family and the father-priest in this. The half-century pedagogical practice of P.A. Preobrazhensky left a memory of him not only in the hearts of the students, but also among their parents and colleagues, as evidenced by the statements given by the author. The paper also examines socio-cultural activities of P.A. Preobrazhensky, who during his life was a member of many scientific and cultural societies and actively worked in the field of education and dissemination of scientific knowledge among the Samara population. The author highlights the university period in the biography of Pavel Aleksandrovich, noting that it was the heyday of his scientific and teaching career. It was during this period that his life was filled with various types of activities scientific, teaching, administrative and social.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87022982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The succession system of the Samara botanical and geographical region (district boundaries and territorial structure)","authors":"Y. Gorichev","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121107","url":null,"abstract":"Samara district is one of the districts allocated by S.M. Razumovsky in the scheme of botanical and geographical zoning. This area geographically delineates the area of the successional system of broad-leaved forests with key species Tilia cordata, Quercus robur, Acer platanoides, Ulmus glabra. S.M. Razumovsky outlined the boundaries of the district on a small-scale scheme and provided a list of guiding species. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief description of the area, outline its boundaries and identify the features of the territorial structure of vegetation cover. The material was scientific publications on the structure of the vegetation cover of the territory under consideration. The Samara Region covers the eastern part of the East European Plain to the east of the Volga River, including the Volga region and the Urals, as well as the western slope of the Southern Urals. The territorial structure of the succession system can be represented in the form of two structural parts the core and the periphery. The core of the system is shifted to the northeast, occupies the space of the forest zone and the northern part of the forest-steppe. The periphery covers the space of the forest-steppe zone and the northern part of the steppe zone. In the core of the succession system, zonal vegetation is formed by associations of shade broad-leaved forests with linden as an edifier, on the periphery there are associations of light broad-leaved (oak) forests.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89438221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development of skills for processing different types of information among schoolchildren at humanities lessons","authors":"G. Kulaeva, M. I. Zhuleva","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121305","url":null,"abstract":"The practice of teaching humanities courses includes working with information as a meta-subject result of training. The purpose of the study is to find methodological ways to develop students information skills at humanities lessons. The subject of the study is methods and techniques for the development of skills for processing different types of information verbal (textual), non-verbal (visual-graphic). The paper presents an analysis of the level of students information skills development based on the material of the control and measurement materials of the unified state exam at humanities lessons (Russian, foreign language, literature, history, social studies). Based on the analysis, the authors have developed tasks designed to develop students ability to determine the properties of information based on its properties: reliability (reliable/unreliable), sufficiency (excessive/insufficient), significance (primary or secondary). Using the example of the course Russian language, tasks based on authentic verbal material, which is used in school teaching practice, are proposed. Authentic texts, a discussion in chat rooms, correspondence in messengers, a ticket to a performance and student essays are offered. The tasks reflect questions to determine the reliability, sufficiency of information, which can be similarly posed when analyzing verbal and nonverbal information in other humanities.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88602647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of craniological signs of Myodes glareolus Schreber in the Kostroma Region","authors":"Alena Sergeevna Klimova, Marina Valeryevna Sirotina","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121108","url":null,"abstract":"As part of the comprehensive monitoring of the state of the ecosystems of the Reserve Kologrivsky Les, studies of the Myodes glareolus Schreber population organization were conducted for eleven years (20122022). To compare the values of craniological signs of the control population, similar measurements were considered in rodents living on the territory of Minskoe forestry in the Kostroma Region (20212022). The paper provides data on the size and proportions of the skull of this species. Osteological indices characterizing the nutrition ecology of the studied populations and their craniometric appearance were calculated. The variability and correlation of 17 craniometric signs of Myodes glareolus was analyzed in order to diagnose the degree of optimality of conditions for the existence of this species populations, as well as to assess the state of the environment in complex biological monitoring programs. Data were obtained on the patterns of variability of metric and nonmetric features of the skull in a number of years, and the influence of the sex structure of the population, the dynamics of its population, weather and climatic factors on the determinism of craniological measurements was studied. Sexual dimorphism according to these parameters was expressed slightly. There was a positive correlation of signs in rodents living on the territory of the biosphere reserve as the most optimal habitat in comparison with the territory of Minskoe forestry in the Kostroma Region, where a negative correlation was predominantly revealed. A strong correlation was established between some craniometric features characterizing the specifics of nutrition, population density, average precipitation and average air temperature. In addition, weak correlations between the body weight of individuals and the dimensions of the skull were revealed. When studying the fluctuating asymmetry of non-metric features of the left and right sides of the upper and lower jaw, a low level of the FAnm coefficient was found in the studied populations. Dynamic changes in the level of fluctuating asymmetry of rodents were insignificant. A weak negative correlation of the fluctuating asymmetry and the values of the average precipitation during the study periods were established. No significant correlation was established for the other factors. The results of the presented comprehensive study of the craniometric features of Myodes glareolus on the territory of the Kostroma Region indicate a stable state of populations in the considered environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73283165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of anthropogenic activity on the heat resistance and condition of green spaces in the Central and Kirovsky Districts of Volgograd","authors":"Tatiana Borisovna Nerushaeva, Nadezhda Valeryevna German","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121115","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the impact of anthropogenic activity on the heat resistance and condition of green spaces in the Central and Kirovsky Districts of Volgograd. The method of the analyzed diagnostics of the state of green spaces used in the experiment is described the determination of heat resistance by the degree of damage to chlorophyll-bearing tissues according to F.F. Matskov. The role of the impact of motor transport on the degree of endurance by green spaces of high atmospheric temperatures is considered. The paper presents the results of a study of the heat resistance and state of trees under conditions of various levels of anthropogenic load. The study of the negative human impact on the state and degree of resistance to the action of high temperatures was carried out in the Central and Kirovsky Districts of the city of Volgograd. The studied territories belonged to a residential or park area, as well as transport. The experiments have shown that the indicators of the stability of tree plantations located near the highway and the residential area differ in terms of indicators. Exhaust gases from vehicles reduce the heat resistance of vegetation and their productivity. The obtained materials can serve as a basis for further monitoring of the state of green spaces in Volgograd and carrying out further measures of greening the city.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74579164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of green spaces in the improvement of the urban population health quality (on the example of Nizhny Novgorod)","authors":"Anzhela Dmitrievna Bolshakova, N. Zaznobina, Taisiya Aleksandrovna Kovaleva","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121104","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric air pollution is one of the most serious environmental threats to human health. The implementation of measures to reduce air pollution reduces the risk of diseases. Such measures include the creation of a comfortable environment through the landscaping of urban areas. Green spaces in urban areas perform an important environment-forming function purification of air from pollutants. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the degree of reduction of non-carcinogenic risk of diseases in the population of a large city (on the example of Nizhny Novgorod) by the level of purification of atmospheric air from pollutants by green spaces. Based on the calculated concentrations of priority pollutants (carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone and suspended particles (PM₂ˏ₅ and PM₁₀) and green space inventory data for eight major intersections/sites in Nizhny Novgorod, the air quality improvement was estimated up to 42,12%. Based on the created maps of the real landscaping of the surveyed areas in the QGIS Desktop program, projects were developed to expand the landscaping of their areas. The air quality in the surveyed areas of Nizhny Novgorod was assessed. The non-carcinogenic risk of cardiovascular system and upper respiratory tract diseases for the residents of Nizhny Novgorod in the absence of vegetation, with real landscaping and in accordance with the proposed prospective landscaping projects was calculated. With the implementation of the proposed projects of perspective landscaping the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular system diseases in the population of Novgorod can be reduced by 25% on average in the city.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89679246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features and prospects for the introduction of mobile technologies in the process of teaching a foreign language in a non-linguistic university","authors":"Elena Aleksandrovna Nikolaeva, I. Kotliarenko","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121308","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the possibilities and prospects for the introduction of mobile learning technologies in the practice of teaching a foreign language to students of non-linguistic universities. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the use of mobile devices is a natural process in the field of teaching foreign languages, and modern students have organically moved from listening and viewing foreign-language artifacts of mass culture to the purposeful use of mobile devices for learning foreign languages. The introduction of mobile technologies into the practice of learning foreign languages has formed a natural learning environment adapted to the interests of students. This state of affairs suggests that the process of teaching a foreign language using mobile devices should solve a number of serious problems, starting with issues related to the development of a motivation system for students to learn a foreign language, cognitive activity, and ending with the problems of forming a multilingual personality. On the other hand, new generation education standards require the development of IT competencies that allow introducing new formats into the traditional teaching practice, providing interactive support for the learning process and developing students communication skills in accordance with the requirements of the time. In this context, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the possibilities of introducing mobile learning technologies into the practice of teaching a foreign language to students of a non-linguistic university. The paper presents the results of a field study of the level of readiness of foreign language teachers to introduce mobile technologies into the practice of language training for students of non-linguistic universities. The conducted studies have shown that the main feature of the process of introducing mobile technologies into the practice of language training is its spontaneity and disorganization, and the prospects for their active use are limited by the level of mobile competence development among teachers. The results obtained can serve as a basis for further research into the problems of achieving the level of compliance of the IT competencies of foreign language teachers with the social orders of modern society.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90807946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eurasian dialectics of history in the views of G.N. Polkovnikov","authors":"V. Bystryukov","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121215","url":null,"abstract":"On the turn of 19201930s the Eurasian movement was experiencing a crisis. Clamart Schism and financial problems hindered the ability to publish new books and attract new supporters. For various reasons many notable figures such as N.S. Trubetskoy, L.P. Karsavin, P.P. Suvchinsky, were distancing themselves from the movement. Eurasianism lasted until the second half of 1930s, largely due to the vigorous activity of P.N. Savitsky, and his associates in the Eurasian Group in Prague. During financial and personnel crises, one of the most important tasks was to preserve the publishing activities of the movement. It was in such conditions, in the early 1930s, that the book by Georgy Nikolaevich Polkovnikov, called Dialectics of History appeared. In it, the author made an attempt to describe a complex vision of the evolution of human society and its patterns in the West and in the East. Extensive attention was given to the problem of determining the place and role of Russia in the world community of nations and polities. Suffice to say that even the people who supported the movement had contradictory responses to the book. In 1930s only a few works of this volume were produced by Eurasian Publications, but in modern historiography it remains virtually unexplored and not inscribed in the history of the movement. The paper examines the role of the book and its significance in the evolution of the ideology of the Eurasian Movement.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88592808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interdisciplinary approach to the study of speciation methods within the university course «Theory of Evolution»","authors":"E. A. Lamekhova, Y. G. Lamekhov","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121306","url":null,"abstract":"The methodology for evolutionary thought study at universities is an urgent problem, since, unlike school biology, the university version lacks unified methodological approaches that allow the most effective organization of the learning process. This paper discusses the development of a methodology for studying the mechanisms and methods of speciation in the implementation of an interdisciplinary approach. When considering the problem of development of the doctrine of species and speciation, one should be guided by such a category as interdisciplinary. The concept of interdisciplinarity is applicable to the sciences and at the same time applicable to philosophy, in particular, to the philosophy of knowledge. Interdisciplinarity is an epistemological mechanism for substantiating the materialistic approach in studying the methods of speciation and the nature of species. This approach is indispensable in proving the reality of the existence of species in the biosphere. The recognition of species existence reality and supraspecific taxa makes it possible to study the structure of species and methods from education, based on the data of a number of sciences. In connection with the development of the content of the subject-content module in biology as part of the transition to the implementation of the Fundamental Core of Pedagogical Education, university professors should provide fundamental subject training for university graduates based on meaningful study by students of the fundamental laws of science, the hierarchization of knowledge and the inseparability of the educational process and scientific knowledge.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80292967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The experimental modeling of asbestos-tempered vessels","authors":"M. Kholkina, Aleksandr Zhulnikov, Roman Ivanovich Muravyev, M. Kulkova, A. Kulkov, G. Danilov, D. Gerasimov","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121201","url":null,"abstract":"The tradition of mixing asbestos into pottery clay originated near the deposits of this mineral on the lake Saimaa (Finland) in the 5th millennium BC. By the second half of the 4th millennium BC its area reached the Arkhangelsk and Vologda Regions of Russia in the east. The aim of the work is to review the functional hypothesis, according to which the widespread use of asbestos as an admixture is due to its advantages over other additives facilitating the process of molding and drying, preventing flaws during firing, making the vessel durable and easy to use. According to the results of our experiments on the making of vessels and model samples with asbestos it turned out that the used asbestos of the Chevzhavara deposit (tremolite-ferroactinolite) does not have such advantages. The most important problem was the dissociation of asbestos at temperatures above +700C. After such firing, the vessels were destroyed, and the asbestos itself became brittle. It can be assumed that in order to minimize losses during the firing, the ancient potters could beforehand hold the asbestos at a high temperature so that it would lose the main amount of water but keep its stability. It can be preliminarily concluded that asbestos admixture at an early stage of use did not have clear advantages over other additives. The reasons for the initial interest in asbestos as an additive could be other, e.g. socio-cultural. A special developed technology for processing asbestos, which made it possible to use its advantages, spread around the beginning of the Bronze Age and may be associated with the beginning of metalworking.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85469737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}