Samara Journal of Science最新文献

{"title":"Vegetation restoration after a fire on the territory of the Barguzin Nature Reserve","authors":"A. I. Burdukovsky, Ayuna Bulatovna Sakhyaeva, Evgeniya Bukharova, N. Luzhkova, A. Myadzelets","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121105","url":null,"abstract":"Forest fires are increasingly becoming the cause of the destruction of a particular ecosystem or landscape, the restoration of which takes quite a long time. Research on pyrogenic succession is one of the urgent tasks in modern science. In the course of this work, an analysis of vegetation restoration on the territory of the Barguzin Nature Reserve was carried out. After a grass-roots fire on the ecological trails of the Shumilikha River valley and on the Davshinsky pillars, the course of pyrogenic succession was monitored from 2016 to 2019. The study of the progress of vegetation restoration was carried out on the laid test sites on each of the trails. In the course of the work, geobotanical descriptions were made, an abundance of species diversity was revealed, and the total projective cover was also taken into account. In the first year after the fire, such species as Chamerion angustifolium L., Calamagrostis korotkyi L., Bergenia crassifolia (L.) Fritsch., Calamagrostis obtusata Trin., etc. were found on trial sites. During the first three years of succession, it was revealed that the species composition and wealth were not constant and changed every year. At the same time, there was an increase in the projective coverage during the first three years (from 10 to 30% in the valley of the Shumilikha River, from 15 to 45% on the Davshinsky pillars). An increase in the total projective coverage in the studied areas indicates a general restoration of the landscape.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86964853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The devolution of higher education among modern youth as a pedagogical problem","authors":"A. P. Novoderova","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121309","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is devoted to the current problem of devolution of higher education among modern youth. The work analyzes the prerequisites for the development and dissemination of this tendency in education. First of all, these are new directions for the development of the market and modern professions that are based on the combination of various activities. New specialties and educational programs, which may appear in the next decade are considered. The study includes an analysis of the demographic statistics of the Russian young population for 20132021 and the student population dynamics enrolled in higher education programmes during this period. Scientific papers and articles devoted to the phenomenon of self-employment and factors influencing the choice of school graduates and university students were also analyzed. The study identified the causes of the devaluation of higher education among the youth. The following points were highlighted as the key ones: the low level of students knowledge and disadvantages in the rating system; the declining popularity for vocational education; the high cost of education in universities; the lack of relevance of educational programs. All of these factors have been substantiated and studied in detail, as each one is a problem of the modern educational system and requires the attention.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84146300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The spatial placement of the steppe marmot (Marmota bobak Muller, 1776) in the Pervomaisky District of the Orenburg Region","authors":"Evgeny Vyacheslavovich Bezuglov, E. A. Leneva","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121103","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the spatial placement of the marmot in the Pervomaisky District of the Orenburg Region within the steppe zone of the Southern Urals. The spatial structure of steppe marmot settlements is characterized by a typical ravine-girder (ribbon) type of territorial distribution of family groups and is determined mainly by the presence of habitable areas. The settlements of marmots on this territory are located mainly along ravines and gullies of small rivers and streams, and to a lesser extent on agricultural land. It has been revealed that marmots prefer to settle on the gentle slopes of the southern exposure mainly in the middle part of the gullies occupied by fescue-feather grass steppe, sagebrush-grass steppe and mixed grass communities used as pastures. The results of the research show that the burrow mound of the marmot, located in different parts of the studied territory and having different degrees of anthropogenic load, differ both in height and diameter of the burrows, and the distance between the burrows. At the same time, there is a clear, direct dependence of the degree of anthropogenic impact on the aggregation of marmot settlements. A significant factor in the distribution of marmot settlements and its spatial structure of populations is the degree of impact on the territory of the anthropogenic press.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73258384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The chronology of the Liventsovka-Karataevo fortress: from their North Caucasian origins to the military confrontation","authors":"O. Larenok","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121203","url":null,"abstract":"The paper substantiates the chronological affiliation of the Liventsovka-Karataevo fortress located in the lower reaches of the Don River. The fortification consists of two parts, situated on two promontories separated by a ravine, and is a single settlement complex. The period of its existence is defined by a boundary between the Middle and Late Bronze Age. The first researches of the fortress date back to the 1960s, conducted under the supervision of S.N. Bratchenko. The initial comparison of the material obtained allowed the scientist to draw the lines of synchronization between the Lower Don fortress and North Caucasian monuments as well as to determine the time of existence within the framework of the Late Stage North Caucasian culture. Further research showed that the final stage in the life of the fortress was connected with its military defeat. The relative date of the event was determined as the second stage of the Baba culture. At the present stage of the development of scientific thought, various versions of the reconstruction of the fortress as a ruin exist; however, there is no summary work to establish the chronology of the complex in the light of the new discoveries. Contemporary archaeological studies of monuments in the North Caucasus and on the Northeast Black Sea coast have made it possible to consider both the formation of the fortress and its final existence from a different angle.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"33 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85643798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern forest climatopes and forest typological zoning of the southern part of the plain territory of European Russia","authors":"N. N. Nazarenko","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121114","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers the current status of forest typology in Russia and methods of forest typological assessment of forest climatopes and forest typological zoning. For the southern part of the plain territory of European Russia at the beginning of the 21st century, the climates of forest thermotopes, contrastotopes and hygrotopes, their spatial distribution, latitudinal and meridional stretching and zoning were determined by classical forest typological methods. Five zone of forest climatopes (three of them have latitudinal zoning), nine zone of forest hygrotopes and six zone of continentality (zones of forest contrastotopes) have been ascertained. A new, previously undescribed climate of the contrastotop of the mild (seaside) forest climate has been identified, requiring an assessment of the forest-growing effect. It has been established that the modern zones of forest thermo-, contrast- and hygrotopes have a different nature of geographical extent, and the zones of climates of hygrotopes advance the zones of thermotopes, thus forest typological zoning and allocation of forest typological areas are proposed according to three equivalent climatic regimes. The modern forest typological zoning of the southern part of plain territory of European Russia is proposed, it is established that the Krasnodar Krai and the Orenburg Region are characterized by the greatest diversity of forest typological areas. The question is raised about the assessment of the actual existence of some selected local forest typological areas as geographical ecotones.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86900124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-natural aspects of the causes and consequences of the famine of 1921–1923 in the Volga region","authors":"E. Makeeva","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121206","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes socio-natural aspects of the causes and consequences of the famine in the early 1920s in the Volga region. Ecological problems of anthropogenic nature, which appeared in this region in the second half of the 19th century, are considered as an essential cause of famine. It was those problems that largely caused periodic droughts and crop failures that led to famine. The author considers large-scale irrigation and land reclamation, construction of waterworks and reservoirs, as well as afforestation, which began in the Middle Volga region in the 1930s, to be important consequences of the famine. Thanks to the interaction of the authorities and society in the implementation of state programs to combat drought and crop failures, in the second half of the twentieth century, it was possible to eliminate the threat of food shortages and the emergence of severe social problems in this regard. The research is based on a number of published and unpublished documents, including archival materials, which contain evidence of contemporaries of the events and processes described. The content of the paper and the conclusions formulated by its author correspond to the current trends in the development of socio-economic and environmental history of Russia.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79465703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secondary vocational school of the Kazan Educational District in the process of modernization of Russian education in the late 19th – early 20th centuries","authors":"T. Magsumov","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121307","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the main results of the authors research in the field of the history of the formation and development of the Russian pre-revolutionary secondary vocational school. The research was carried out on the materials of educational institutions of the Kazan Educational District. The historical reconstruction is carried out in the context of the specifics of modernization and the educational revolution that took place in the country. The basic method was a generalized historical and genetic description of the results of the authors research, and the source was the totality of these studies. The role of secondary vocational schools in the educational system of the Kazan Educational District greatly increased at the turn of the 1920 centuries. The secondary vocational school became a part of the educational revolution taking place in the Russian Empire, acted as a bearer of traditions and a conductor of innovations, a channel and an active participant in modernization changes. The development of secondary vocational education clearly reflected the modernization processes taking place in the country. The author reconstructs a picture of the initial stage in the history of secondary vocational education; reveals the attitudes and practices of state and public, private and state interaction in education; reveals social characteristics of students and teachers; restores the process of expanding the number and range of social agents of educational institutions; reveals the main directions of secondary vocational schools. Despite the serious problems caused by attempts to implement its development on a traditional basis, the vocational school, largely due to the partnership of the state and society, made a significant contribution to the education of qualified personnel for the economy of the region. The results of the study are to increase scientific knowledge about the development of education in late Imperial Russia. The research materials can be used for the subsequent scientific study of the problem, as well as in the theory and practice of secondary vocational education at the present stage.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78910297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The problem of choosing methodological bases in developing modern learning materials for students of higher education institutions","authors":"N.V. Khismatulina, S.A. Pugacheva, Tatiana Viacheslavovna Malkova","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121313","url":null,"abstract":"The present research deals with the problem of developing modern learning materials for students of higher education institutions. The authors emphasize that in the traditions of the Russian educational system, the pedagogical staff itself is charged with implementing this educational and methodological direction, that is why textbooks are often created intuitively, based on personal professional experience, sometimes with no scientific basis. This fact raises the question of the need for a deep analysis of scientific researches in this sphere to determine the principles in designing a particular educational publication and reasonably choose methodological bases. The authors have attempted to structure the revealed methodological bases (pedagogical approaches) depending on the idea and the functional strategic goal of education itself. Two groups of basic approaches and their derivatives are singled out and described: competence approach, aimed at the formation of a standard specialist in the professional sphere and implemented mainly through activity-based educational technologies contextual approach, problem-based learning, task-based approach; and humanitarian and anthropological approach, aimed at personal growth of a student in his entirety (personality-oriented approach, andragogical approach), disclosure of his potential, his work with personal meanings (hermeneutic approach, euristic approach), formation of his own world picture, realization of his individual educational trajectory. In the end, the authors make a conclusion that it is necessary to combine the approaches of different nature in developing the concept of learning materials, as the exclusion of one of the components will significantly limit the potential opportunities in the personal and professional growth of students.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86887013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The diatom analysis of the reservoirs located on the Kalmius River","authors":"Eduard I. Mirnenko","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121112","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines biodiversity of diatoms in artificial reservoirs of the Kalmius river basin, as well as the degree of impact of industrial enterprises on water resources by bioindication. The author has established the current state of the water balance of rivers, and the use of water resources in the industry of Donbass. Thus, the water balance is formed due to a part of the inflow of water from the Seversky Donetsk river basin and the waters of the main Kalmius River basin. Agriculture and industrial enterprises in total consume 77% of the water resources of the entire region, which is an extremely high degree of involvement in the overall balance of water resources. To assess the condition of reservoirs, the method of determining the species diversity and biological analysis of diatoms DAIpo was chosen. As part of the study, it was found that the flora of diatoms according to the ShannonWeaver index varied from 1,98 to 4,65 bps, while only 11 species of diatoms were massively distributed in reservoirs. The coefficient of growth of species diversity (r) varies (from 0,2135 to 0,9522 bps) depending on the season of the year and the place of selection. It was found that the increase in the DAIpo index occurred during the transition from the Nizhnekalmius reservoir to the Starobeshevsky reservoir, due to the presence of a larger number of saproxene species Achnanthes andicola, Fragilaria virescens, Navicula viridula var. viridula. Nitzschia sigmoidea var. sigmoidea, Navicula radiosa var. radiosa. Consequently, the paper traces the level of pollution by the presence of indicator species and the degree of tolerance of diatoms to environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87449951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuity of different levels of medical education in the training of doctors for primary health care (preventive aspect)","authors":"S. Astanina, R. Shepel, O. Drapkina","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121301","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the training of doctors to provide primary health care is one of the priority areas of medical education. In the paper, from the standpoint of the requirements of the continuity principle, the results of the analysis of the academic courses programs content are presented. They ensure the development of students skills to perform labor functions in the preventive activities of a doctor. They are implemented at the faculties where the major is 31.05.01 General Medicine and 31.08.49 Therapy in medical universities subordinate to the Ministry of Health of Russia, included in the top 20 best medical universities, according to the RAEX ranking (March 2022). A comparative analysis was carried out between the content of academic courses and the content of the labor functions of doctors: Conducting medical, preventive medical examinations, medical examinations, dispensary observation of patients with diseases and (or) conditions in the \"therapy\" and monitoring the effectiveness of dispensary observation measures and Carrying out measures for the prevention and formation of a healthy lifestyle and sanitary and hygienic education of the population. The criteria for assessing the compliance of the content of the programs with the requirements of the above-mentioned labor functions of the professional standard Therapist were: 1) the presence in the curriculum of the courses that provide training of students to perform the specified labor functions; 2) the presence in the content of academic courses of knowledge that ensures the development of the necessary skills of a doctor in the performance of these labor functions; 3) the structure and content of the programs for preparing students for preventive activities are developed in accordance with the requirements of the principle of continuity. According to the results of the study, it has been revealed that general theoretical knowledge of prevention, as a set of measures aimed at maintaining and strengthening the health of the population, promoting a healthy lifestyle and preventing the occurrence and (or) spread of diseases, are included in the training programs for doctors majoring in 31.05.01 General Medicine. However, the development of students skills in performing the above labor functions is unsystematic, which leads to a violation of the continuity of different levels of medical education in preparing doctors for primary health care.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89013651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}