Samara Journal of Science最新文献

{"title":"The cult of birds in the religious and mythological system of the Bashkirs","authors":"A. F. Ilimbetova","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121217","url":null,"abstract":"The image of a bird is of great importance in the traditional worldview of the Bashkirs. The most revered Bashkirs in their mythological and ritual traditions are the crow, the magpie, the eagle, the cuckoo, the dove, the crane, the duck, and the swan. In the cult of birds among the Bashkirs, one can find various stages in the development of social consciousness. The earliest period includes mythological and ritual plots reflecting the survivals of totemic representations. Their remnants appear in the identification of man and bird, in endowing birds with human qualities. In the tribal nomenclature of the Bashkirs, relics of faith in the origin of their individual tribal groups from birds have been preserved. In folklore, rituals and customs of the Bashkirs, revered birds act as totemic ancestors, patrons and helpers of people, family and marriage relations, women in labor and children. In the religious and magical practice of the Bashkirs, totem birds and their individual parts have miraculous, healing powers. In everyday rituals, folklore and ethnographic sources, there are arguments proving that the Bashkirs used to have holidays in honor of certain totem birds in the past. The remnants of religious and mythological beliefs about birds today form an organic part of the national tradition of the Bashkirs.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83811200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The availability of specially protected natural areas of regional importance in municipal districts (on the example of the Samara Region)","authors":"Aleksandr Arkadievich Sidorov, D. Vasilieva","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121118","url":null,"abstract":"At present when legislative requirements are strengthening, local administrations are empowered to do ecological activities, the demand for ecological tourism is growing, which is reflected in strategic documents of territorial development etc., the necessity to preserve natural diversity at the municipal level is increasing. In the paper on the basis of analysis, logical presentation, statistical research the dynamics, peculiarities of creation and provision of Samara Regions municipal districts with specially protected natural territories of regional importance are established. On the territory of the studied region there are 211 protected areas of regional importance, as well as three objects of federal importance: Zhigulevsky State Nature Biosphere Reserve and two national parks (Samarskaya Luka and Buzuluksky Bor). The paper shows a significant variability of areas, specific size and provision of local population with protected areas, the relationship between individual parameters, a rating and classification of municipal districts according to the given indicators. The categories of municipal districts with high, medium and low shares of protected areas in the total area of the sub-regional area and the provision of the population with protected areas have been identified. Various options or models of compensatory benefits and environmental costs of municipal districts have been considered, taking into account specially protected natural areas of federal importance and the influence of the urban environment. The results of the analysis allow us to use the materials obtained to make current management decisions and modernize the development strategies of the territories.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90802322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FBI and Ku Klux Klan: the main factors and features of countering extremism in the United States of the 1960s and 1970s","authors":"Daria Yurievna Selifontova, Yaroslav Levin","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121211","url":null,"abstract":"The period of the 1960s and 1970s in the United States of America was saturated with rallies, murders and terror on racial grounds. The Ku Klux Klan, a national terrorist organization that has been reborn in the United States more than once, is most responsible for this. The national security of the United States was under threat, the FBI, the CIA and the government, interacting with each other, tried their best to stop such incidents. The paper examines the activities of the FBI, its director John Edgar Hoover, in the United States to counter the Ku Klux Klan from the moment of their third revival in 1960 to the end of the 1970s, when the activities of the Klan had already been discontinued: thanks to FBI agents who infiltrated the headquarters of the key figures of the Klan, which, in particular subsequently, for years were introduced into large groups of the Klan, it was possible to eliminate one of the largest problems that violated the security of citizens of the United States of America in this period of time. The paper also examines specifics of the interaction between the FBI and the government, which largely affected the activities of the former in the fight against the Ku Klux Klan, where the shift in emphasis of domestic policy and the confrontation between the cabinets untied the hands of the Klan members.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83746386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental knowledge popularization among students in the 1980s (on the example of the Kuybyshev Region)","authors":"V. Avetisyan","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121213","url":null,"abstract":"The twentieth century in the history of mankind is rightfully considered to be the epoch of the beginning of an intense negative anthropogenic impact on nature. During this period, awareness of environmental education of the population becomes particularly relevant. They were beginning to pay special attention to it in the educational system. This paper discusses the general state policy of the Soviet leadership in the development of school environmental education. Using the example of the Kuybyshev Region, the analysis of various approaches and methods to environmental knowledge popularization among students in the 80s of the 20th century is given. The choice of such a short time interval is explained by a special attention of state bodies to environmental culture improvement. The paper describes the role of outstanding teachers in the development of school programs on ecology. The author pays special attention to periodicals and journals of bioecological content, which were a worthy help for environmental literacy development among students. The publication is based on archival materials from the funds of the Central State Archive of the Samara Region that most reveal the problems of the study. The information presented in the paper is aimed at studying some issues of the environmental education formation in the Samara Region. The materials obtained can serve as a basis for further study of the issues under consideration.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"21 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78513113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The educational environment as a way of prospective teachers’ ecological culture formation while studying natural science courses","authors":"A. L. Busygina, Svetlana Yurievna Bakulina, E. Lizunova, L. Vershinina, Aleksandr Georgievich Busygin","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121303","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the problem of ecological culture is becoming generally recognized. The ecological direction in the system of higher professional education in the process of prospective teachers ecological culture formation is a noticeable factor. There is a need to systematize ecological and natural science pedagogical education: there is a change of axiological systems, cultural norms and values among the modern younger generation, the issues of ecological culture formation among students of pedagogical universities are not fully considered. The state educational standard of higher professional pedagogical education emphasizes the primary task to form the teachers personality with a high ecological culture, striving for harmonious interaction with the natural environment, a personality that is distinguished by the presence of attitudes, beliefs, and the need for activities to preserve and improve nature. There is a need for the dominant role and responsibility of prospective teachers in solving the issues of ecological culture formation among young people who are able to form a personality that is distinguished by the presence of beliefs of a conscious, careful, responsible attitude to the natural environment. In this regard, the need to increase attention to ecological culture formation among students of pedagogical universities becomes significant at the socio-pedagogical level. Ecological culture is not a specific type, but an integral part and level of human culture as a whole. The priority role in ecological culture formation among students belongs to the natural sciences, which form the foundation of the scientific understanding of the world. At the stage of modern university education, the ecological culture of youth develops on the principles of unity of the historical relationship between the natural environment and society, the social conditionality of the individuals relationship to nature, and the desire to harmonize these relations. The diversity of interaction between society and nature determines the complexity of environmental education, its main principles: a transdisciplinary approach to ecological culture formation, systematic and continuous study of scientific material, the unity of mental and emotional-volitional principles in the activities of students to study and improve the natural environment; the relationship of global and local environmental problems. This is emphasized by many scientists. The leading role in prospective teachers ecological culture formation is played by the educational environment of the university.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84838695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specially protected natural area «Sestrinskie okamenelosti» – a promising reference polygon for remote identification of valuable steppe ecosystems","authors":"Oksana Anatolievna Kuzovenko, Y. A. Ryazanova, N. V. Prokhorova","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121109","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the flora of the natural monument Sestrinskie okamenelosti, located in the Bolshechernigovsky District of the Samara Region. The taxonomic analysis has revealed the growth of 255 species of vascular plants from 49 families within the boundaries of a specially protected natural area. Biomorphological and ecological-coenotic analyses have been used to assess the degree of preservation of the natural steppe communities of the studied territory. The ecologic-geographical characteristics of the natural monument are made in accordance with the classifications of T.I. Plaksina and A.P. Laktionov. The result of the two classifications correlation is the analysis of common types of habitats pluriregional, Holarctic, Euro-Siberian, European. The study of the natural monument Sestrinskie okamenelosti phytodiversity has revealed its unique physiognomic features associated with the dominance of a number of steppe plant species. The results of the analysis allow us to recommend this territory for use as a reference zone (polygon) that provides processing of remote sensing materials obtained using satellite images and UAV. The use of a series of multi-season images will allow us to establish the location and visual characteristics of the dominant steppe species reference zone in order to build classifiers and then use the results for remote identification of the most valuable areas of natural steppes in the Samara Region and adjacent territories. Remote sensing methods allow to monitor the state of virgin steppe areas continuously. Similar work has already begun on other protected areas of the region; the first results have been obtained.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87119116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The results of the study of vertebrate fauna from the Late Neolithic site Pomazkino IV (the Kolyma River, Yakutia, Eastern Siberia)","authors":"I. V. Ponomarev, G. Boeskorov","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121116","url":null,"abstract":"The taxonomic composition of bone remains from the Neolithic site Pomazkino IV, located in the middle reaches of the Kolyma River, has been determined. The material is the result of excavations by archaeologist V.A. Kashin. We have identified bone remains lying together with artifacts of the Late Neolithic Ymyyakhtakh culture. The species composition is represented by typical representatives of the East Siberian fauna. The osteological material of fish, birds and mammals has been determined. It has been established that most of the bone remains belong to birds, among which representatives of the order Anseriformes, swan, bean goose and geese of indeterminate species were reliably identified. These birds could be caught in the summer during molting. Birds played an important role in the nutrition of the people who lived on the territory of this site. The main game mammals were artiodactyl elk and reindeer. At the Pomazkino IV site, there are also numerous bone remains of a mountain hare. Among the representatives of the order of carnivores, a single bone of a wolverine has been identified. An abundance of fish bones has been found, among which crucian carp has been identified. Apparently, on the territory of the Middle Kolyma, as well as in other regions of Eastern Siberia, active fishing began only from the Late Neolithic.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85162877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of Glory Square in the system of ecological spaces of Novosibirsk","authors":"T. Fershalova, Соловьёва Vyacheslavovna Solovieva, Anna Yurevna Lugovskaya","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121119","url":null,"abstract":"One of the important elements included in the ecological framework of the city is city squares. The square of Glory of Novosibirsk is a unique, multifunctional object. On the territory of the square there is Memorial Ensemble dedicated to the feat of the Siberians in the Great Patriotic War of 19411945, which is an integral part of patriotic education. Along with the social, transit and architectural and decorative functions, the square of Glory, due to the large area of green spaces, performs a medium-improving function. 89 species of woody plants grow on the territory. The studied plants belong to 25 botanical families. Of the conifers, the largest is the Pinaceae family 7 species, and of the deciduous Rosaceae family 28 species of trees and shrubs. Lianes are isolated: Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch., Clematis terniflora L. The largest number of woody plants belong to mesophytes 84,0%, while 16% belong to xerophytes. There are several areas with elements of natural landscapes of the Novosibirsk Region. 38 species of wild-growing species of herbaceous plants, representatives of 16 families, grow on the territory of the park. It has been concluded that the square of Glory is an important element in the system of ecological spaces of the city.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88686688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The new reality of the industrialization era: socialist emulation in the anti-religious struggle","authors":"A. Gulina","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121209","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes the influence of the ideologeme socialist emulation on the anti-religious struggle in the late 1920s in terms of the campaign to close the Roman catholic temple in the city of Samara. The main source of the study is official regulations, business documentation and press materials. The author has shown that the campaign to close the catholic temple began as part of the socialist emulation between German and Polish-origin activists after the closure of the Lutheran temple. The closure of the Samara temple took place with the active participation of the Poles-workers, who, within the framework of the Soviet ideology, opposed the Poles-believers. The usage of the ideologeme socialist emulation in this campaign shows that, having initially emerged in the sphere of labor relations to encourage labor activity, socialist emulation penetrated into other spheres of public life. The author assumes that the soviet authorities indoctrinated most important elements of ideology in order to manipulate the consciousness of the population. Thus, the ideologeme socialist emulation contributed to the intensification of the struggle against religious associations of believers in the framework of public work. At the same time, while in production it was easy to determine the winner of the socialist competition, within the framework of the antireligious struggle, it was not so much victory that was important as participation. Otherwise, the refusal to compete could become the basis for accusations of counter-revolutionary actions.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"276 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76789025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"World War II in John Ford’s films","authors":"S. Buranok, Dmitry Viktorovich Surzhik","doi":"10.55355/snv2023121210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121210","url":null,"abstract":"John Fords films show how the cultural context of the Pacific War and the image of the war in combat films of 19411945 change. By the time the USA entered the World War II, Hollywood and Washington had a long if not estranged relationship. They were both well versed in the use of propaganda and had readily employed it on the citizens of the United States. J. Fords films are a good example of this cooperation. This paper is about a reflection of the image of the Pacific war, and about the key moments of glorification of the World War II history in the USA cinema and media. The paper analyzes the connection between the images of the war in the film December 7 with the images of the war in newspapers, cartoons, politicians speeches this will help to study the problem of visualizing the war in a wide socio-cultural context rather than in isolation. The nature and mechanisms of mutual influence of these images of the war have been determined: for example, how the materials of periodicals influenced the film; how the speeches of American politicians were refracted and reflected in Fords film; how the visual images of cartoons influenced the directors work.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75476439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}