Risk Analysis最新文献

Exposure to BTEX concentrations in different indoor microenvironments: Emphasis on different times of the year.

IF 3 3区医学

Risk Analysis Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1111/risa.70032

Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh, Saeid Yazdanirad, Pierre Sicard

{"title":"Exposure to BTEX concentrations in different indoor microenvironments: Emphasis on different times of the year.","authors":"Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh, Saeid Yazdanirad, Pierre Sicard","doi":"10.1111/risa.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.70032","url":null,"abstract":"Climatic variations in indoor environments may change concentration patterns. This systematic review and meta-analysis study aimed to investigate exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (s) (BTEX) concentrations in different indoor microenvironments with emphasis on different times of the year. A systematic review in five bibliographic databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Medline) was conducted. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, the search utilized four groups of keywords. The pooled indoor exposure to BTEX under different climatic conditions were estimated using a random-effects model. Among 64 selected articles, the greatest percentage of studies with the highest indoor exposure for BTEX in vehicles and transportation areas was in summer. The highest percentage of these studies at home was in winter. The highest percentage of these studies in educational and sport centers was in winter and summer. In the vehicles and transportation areas, the pooled concentration (µg/m3) of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene(s) were calculated as 29.12, 102.33, 19.24, and 22.73 in summer, respectively. In the homes and sites, the pooled concentration (µg/m3) of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene(s) were measured as 6.39, 22.06, 6.21, and 11.33 in winter, respectively. In the educational and sport centers, the pooled concentration (µg/m3) of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene(s) were calculated as 3.15, 11.09, 5.55, and 5.63 in summer and 2.97, 8.09, 4.16, and 5.49 in winter, respectively. The results of this study introduce the seasons with the greatest concentrations of BTEX in different indoor environments.","PeriodicalId":21472,"journal":{"name":"Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Critical monitoring and control factors for achieving food defense criteria.

IF 3 3区医学

Risk Analysis Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1111/risa.70025

Elaine Andrade, Flavio Andrade, Gilberto Oliveira, Otniel Freitas-Silva

{"title":"Critical monitoring and control factors for achieving food defense criteria.","authors":"Elaine Andrade, Flavio Andrade, Gilberto Oliveira, Otniel Freitas-Silva","doi":"10.1111/risa.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.70025","url":null,"abstract":"Food can be contaminated by physical, chemical, biological, and radiological hazards. Industry and regulatory agencies have developed the Food Safety Management System, based on the principles of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points, to be effective against unintentional food safety risks. However, there is the intentional contamination of food to cause harm to consumers, customers, or companies, and prevention requires a different approach to controlling unintentional food safety risks; this concept is known as food defense. There are certification standards that include food defense requirements referenced to the Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI), such as the British Retail Consortium, International Featured Standards, Food Safety System Certification 22000, and Safe Quality Food Institute. In the context of food producers, it is crucial to understand the critical success factors for implementing standards involved in food defense and increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of exporting agroindustries. The present study aimed to map the essential success factors for implementing food defense in Brazilian companies already certified by the standards recognized by the GFSI, to take advantage of this expertise for companies seeking to implement food defense. Quantitative and qualitative research was conducted by a survey of the perception of those responsible for implementing food safety standards regarding the relevance of food defense requirements to guarantee food protection. Data analysis was performed through correspondence analysis. It was possible to identify groups and formulate a reduced list of priority criteria for the implementation of food defense, to facilitate and accelerate the adaptation process of companies not yet certified, helping to raise the level of food safety for consumers, in addition to contributing to economic growth through new entrants in the export and import chain.","PeriodicalId":21472,"journal":{"name":"Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Belief updating in AI-risk debates: Exploring the limits of adversarial collaboration.

IF 3 3区医学

Risk Analysis Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1111/risa.70023

Josh Rosenberg, Ezra Karger, Zach Jacobs, Molly Hickman, Avital Morris, Harrison Durland, Otto Kuusela, Philip E Tetlock

引用次数: 0

Extracting information content on radiation risks from the receiver perspective: Examining Fukushima residents 10 years after the Fukushima nuclear reactor accident.

IF 3 3区医学

Risk Analysis Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1111/risa.70029

Motoko Kosugi, Reiko Kuwagaki, Tomoko Tsuchiya

{"title":"Extracting information content on radiation risks from the receiver perspective: Examining Fukushima residents 10 years after the Fukushima nuclear reactor accident.","authors":"Motoko Kosugi, Reiko Kuwagaki, Tomoko Tsuchiya","doi":"10.1111/risa.70029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.70029","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to clarify how more useful information could be provided to Fukushima Prefecture residents (below, information \"receivers\"), who are still anxious about radiation risks 10 years after the Fukushima Nuclear Reactor accident. Using the mental model approach, mental models on radiation risks were developed for experts and receivers, with Fukushima residents being the expected readers. The degree of anxiety among receivers about radiation immediately after the accident was compared with their current degree of anxiety, and they were divided into two groups (those with reduced anxiety and those with unchanged anxiety) to create mental models. By comparing the three models, it was found that the receivers generally understand the effects of radiation on health, the environmental dosages, their relationship with the human body, and decontamination methods and effectiveness. It was also observed that they are uninformed about the properties of radioactive substances, effective doses, and expulsion of ingested radioactive substances. There were no major differences between the two receiver models, suggesting that the content and extent of knowledge regarding radiation risks are not directly linked to current anxiety. However, the group with reduced anxiety had a greater level of basic radiation knowledge, suggesting that after the accident, they sought out or recalled more of the knowledge provided.","PeriodicalId":21472,"journal":{"name":"Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143773147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Zero Trust Architecture as a Risk Countermeasure in Small-Medium Enterprises and Advanced Technology Systems.

IF 3 3区医学

Risk Analysis Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1111/risa.70026

Ahmed M Abdelmagid, Rafael Diaz

{"title":"Zero Trust Architecture as a Risk Countermeasure in Small-Medium Enterprises and Advanced Technology Systems.","authors":"Ahmed M Abdelmagid, Rafael Diaz","doi":"10.1111/risa.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.70026","url":null,"abstract":"The growing sophistication of cyberattacks exposes small- and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) to a widening range of security risks. As these threats evolve in complexity, the need for advanced security measures becomes increasingly pressing. This necessitates a proactive approach to defending against potential cyber intrusions. Emerging technologies, such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, and Zero Trust security framework, offer crucial tools for strengthening the digital infrastructure of SMBs. The Zero Trust architecture (ZTA) holds significant promise as a critical strategy for protecting SMBs. While existing literature explores the implementation of ZTA in various business settings, discussions specifically addressing the financial, human resource, and capability limitations of SMBs remain scarce. Given the vital role of SMBs in the global economy, this research offers a valuable opportunity to bridge this gap and assist researchers and practitioners in enhancing the cybersecurity of SMBs through ZTA adoption by examining and classifying potential risks that may arise during the pre- and post-deployment phases of ZTA implementation within SMBs. The risks, benefits, and challenges of ZTA adoption are introduced from the unique perspective of SMBs. Practical solutions and mitigation strategies will be provided to address the identified ZT risks and streamline the migration process for SMBs. The findings of that research showed that ZTA will bolster the cybersecurity posture and reduce the cyber risk for SMBs only if they address its associated risks effectively. Future research directions underscore the need for more research to help SMBs migrate to ZTA and mitigate the risks it may pose.","PeriodicalId":21472,"journal":{"name":"Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shifting landscape of terrorism: A 50-year spatiotemporal analysis.

IF 3 3区医学

Risk Analysis Pub Date : 2025-03-30 DOI: 10.1111/risa.70018

Shupeng Lyu, Chen Qian, Ching-Hung Lee

{"title":"Shifting landscape of terrorism: A 50-year spatiotemporal analysis.","authors":"Shupeng Lyu, Chen Qian, Ching-Hung Lee","doi":"10.1111/risa.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.70018","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal evolutionary characteristics of global terrorism from 1970 to 2020, providing a comprehensive understanding of its dynamics and patterns. The research seeks to fill gaps in existing literature by integrating geographic perspectives and methods to enhance the understanding of terrorism's spatial and temporal dimensions. The study employs a multi-methodological approach, combining the Mann-Kendall trend test, spatial autocorrelation analysis, kernel density estimation, and standard deviational ellipse. These methods are applied to data from 176 countries, covering 171,327 terrorist incidents recorded in the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) from 1970 to 2020. Pertinent findings are as follows. Temporally, global terrorism risk has evolved significantly over the past five decades and involves four distinct stages, i.e., emerging stage (1970-1991), descending stage (1992-2000), rampant stage (2001-2014), and attenuating stage (2015-2020). Meanwhile, 117 countries show an increasing trend, and 56 countries show a decreasing trend in terrorism risk. Spatially, the distribution of global terrorism is characterized by clustering and aggregation, with a constant shift in the gravity center and dominant direction. In addition, the spatial hotspots of global terrorism are predominantly presented as \"two major core circles and multiple sub-centers.\"","PeriodicalId":21472,"journal":{"name":"Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the transition risks of environmental regulation in the United States: Revisiting the Porter hypothesis.

IF 3 3区医学

Risk Analysis Pub Date : 2025-03-23 DOI: 10.1111/risa.70022

Ioanna Stylianou, Michael Christofi, Isabella Karasamani, Marina Magidou

{"title":"Assessing the transition risks of environmental regulation in the United States: Revisiting the Porter hypothesis.","authors":"Ioanna Stylianou, Michael Christofi, Isabella Karasamani, Marina Magidou","doi":"10.1111/risa.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.70022","url":null,"abstract":"The harmful effects of climate change have brought global warming into focus, prompting a growing body of research on its economic impact and the development of targeted climate policies aimed at mitigating these effects and promoting sustainability. Within this context, the main objective of this paper is to investigate whether the presence of transition risk drivers, in particular, the implementation of environmental policies in the United States, initiates risks or fosters green innovation and financial performance. This performance is related to the adjustment process toward a low-carbon economy, widely known as the Porter hypothesis. Using a panel threshold regression model over the period 1990-2020, our results show that market-based climate policies have a heterogeneous effect on the firm's green innovation and financial performance. Specifically, we find an inverted-U-shaped relationship between carbon price and firm outcomes including green innovation and financial performance. These findings have significant implications for practice, as they reveal the mechanism through which climate policies can optimally affect a firm's green innovation activity and financial performance.","PeriodicalId":21472,"journal":{"name":"Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Categorizing errors in high-reliability organizations: Adaptive range and adaptive capacity in incident response.

IF 3 3区医学

Risk Analysis Pub Date : 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1111/risa.70024

Elmar Kutsch, Haytham Siala, Chantal Cantarelli, Ibrat Djabbarov

引用次数: 0

An exploratory investigation on internal crisis communication across private and public sector employees in Indonesia.

IF 3 3区医学

Risk Analysis Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1111/risa.70006

Bahtiar Mohamad, Adamu Abbas Adamu, Sri Rahayu, Pijar Suciati, Nailul Mona, Syed Hassan Raza

{"title":"An exploratory investigation on internal crisis communication across private and public sector employees in Indonesia.","authors":"Bahtiar Mohamad, Adamu Abbas Adamu, Sri Rahayu, Pijar Suciati, Nailul Mona, Syed Hassan Raza","doi":"10.1111/risa.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.70006","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past 5 years, Indonesia has faced numerous sudden crises due to its geographical location along the Pacific Ring of Fire, making it prone to natural disasters, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions. These events highlight the frequent occurrence of sudden crises in Indonesia and underscore the need for robust disaster preparedness and response systems. Effective crisis management requires a strategy that immediately informs organizations and the health sector of necessary actions. This study aims to investigate the effects of safety culture (SC), supportive environment (SE), management commitment (MC), and social media usage on internal crisis communication (ICC) during crises in Indonesia. It also compares the multiple regression models between employees in the private and public sectors. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted with 567 full-time employees from various organizations who have been directly affected by crises. The findings reveal that, for public sector employees, all antecedents negatively impact ICC except for SC and MC. In contrast, for private sector employees, all antecedents positively impact ICC except for MC and the perceived usefulness of social media. This study highlights the importance of MC, an SE, SC, and the perceived usefulness of social media in determining employees' ICC during crises. The significance of an SE and SC on employees' perceptions of ICC is similarly emphasized.","PeriodicalId":21472,"journal":{"name":"Risk Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Navigating the precipice: Lessons on collapse from the Late Bronze Age.

IF 3 3区医学

Risk Analysis Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1111/risa.70019

S E Galaitsi, Benjamin D Trump, Eric H Cline, Maksim Kitsak, Igor Linkov

引用次数: 0