Risk Analysis最新文献

Minimizing Risk of Load Redistribution Attacks on Electric Grids in the Presence of Insider Threats. 在存在内部威胁的情况下，最大限度地降低电网负荷再分配攻击的风险。

IF 4 3区医学

Risk Analysis Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/risa.70336

Lujia Zhan, Saharnaz Mehrani, Chengzhi Xie, Payman Dehghanian

{"title":"Minimizing Risk of Load Redistribution Attacks on Electric Grids in the Presence of Insider Threats.","authors":"Lujia Zhan, Saharnaz Mehrani, Chengzhi Xie, Payman Dehghanian","doi":"10.1111/risa.70336","DOIUrl":"10.1111/risa.70336","url":null,"abstract":"Malicious and negligent insiders pose significant security risks to mission-critical systems like electric power grids due to their high privileges in increasingly digitized infrastructures. This paper investigates the vulnerability of smart power grids to load redistribution (LR) attacks in the presence of insider threats. We introduce a stochastic optimization model to minimize the expected risk of high operation costs due to LR attacks by protecting critical grid components and deploying detection technologies, such as honeypots, to detect insider threats and prevent information leakage. Our model accounts for uncertainties in insider presence, honeypot effectiveness, and attack targets, and uses the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) measure, which can be adjusted based on the decision-maker's conservatism. In addition, it accounts for real-time power demand variations and dynamic false-data injection by attackers. To enhance tractability, we transform our model, originally formulated as a trilevel mixed-integer nonlinear programming (Tri-MINLP) problem, into an approximate single-level mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation. We apply our proposed model to the IEEE 14-bus test system, and our results highlight the effectiveness of our approach in lowering the risk of high operation costs due to LR attacks. In addition, we present several insights by assessing the impact of key factors on the expected financial risk of attacks, including the protection budget, insider-threat likelihood, honeypot-detection effectiveness, and the defender's decision-making conservatism.","PeriodicalId":21472,"journal":{"name":"Risk Analysis","volume":"46 9","pages":"e70336"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148851576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Natural and Technological Risk Analysis in European Cross-Border Regions: An Integrated Approach to Hazards and Vulnerability. 欧洲跨境地区的自然和技术风险分析：对危害和脆弱性的综合方法。

IF 4 3区医学

Risk Analysis Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/risa.70344

D Lopes, E De Diego, A Àgueda, M Almeida, L M Ribeiro, L Torres, M Lopes, A I Miranda

{"title":"Natural and Technological Risk Analysis in European Cross-Border Regions: An Integrated Approach to Hazards and Vulnerability.","authors":"D Lopes, E De Diego, A Àgueda, M Almeida, L M Ribeiro, L Torres, M Lopes, A I Miranda","doi":"10.1111/risa.70344","DOIUrl":"10.1111/risa.70344","url":null,"abstract":"Natural and technological disasters often have transboundary impacts, affecting multiple countries simultaneously, while the lack of joint preparedness and coordinated response mechanisms can significantly amplify damages and complicate recovery efforts. This study proposes an integrated methodology to assess transboundary hazards and population vulnerability across European cross-border regions. The framework combines georeferenced data on extreme weather events, wildfires, industrial areas, and nuclear power plants with a population-based vulnerability analysis. The results revealed pronounced spatial heterogeneity in transboundary hazards distribution across Europe. Extreme weather events affected most European border regions, with the highest values observed in central Europe and along the Portugal-Spain border. Wildfire hazards were strongly concentrated in southern and Mediterranean regions, particularly in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balkans. Technological hazards displayed a more localized pattern, with nuclear power plant-related hazards mainly concentrated in central European border regions and industrial hazards clustered in highly industrialized areas, notably in Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, and Switzerland. The combined hazard analysis showed that the highest transboundary hazard levels occurred in regions where multiple hazards spatially co-occurred, such as the Italy-Switzerland, Belgium-the Netherlands, and Portugal-Spain borders, highlighting the importance of multi-hazard interactions. The assessment found that vulnerability was largely determined by population density and demographic structure, with the highest levels occurring in densely populated areas along the Belgium-Germany border. Overall, the proposed framework provides reproducible and policy-relevant evidence to support cross-border risk governance, coordinated prevention strategies, and emergency preparedness planning in Europe.","PeriodicalId":21472,"journal":{"name":"Risk Analysis","volume":"46 9","pages":"e70344"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13528976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When There's No November Rain: Developing a Parametric Insurance for Hydroelectric Energy Generators in Brazil. 当没有十一月雨：在巴西开发水力发电机参数保险。

IF 4 3区医学

Risk Analysis Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/risa.70347

Nathalia Costa Fonseca, João Vinícius França Carvalho, Thiago Dutra Araújo, André Luis Squarize Chagas

{"title":"When There's No November Rain: Developing a Parametric Insurance for Hydroelectric Energy Generators in Brazil.","authors":"Nathalia Costa Fonseca, João Vinícius França Carvalho, Thiago Dutra Araújo, André Luis Squarize Chagas","doi":"10.1111/risa.70347","DOIUrl":"10.1111/risa.70347","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrological risk is a growing challenge for renewable power systems, as droughts reduce generation, increase costs, and expose gaps in risk-transfer mechanisms. We examine this problem in Brazil, home to the world's sixth-largest electricity system and highly dependent on hydroelectricity, which accounted for 43% of installed generation capacity in 2026. We develop and evaluate a parametric insurance scheme for run-of-river hydroelectric generators indexed to the National System Operator's affluent flow measure. Using monthly energy and climate data from 151 powerplants between 2006 and 2022, we incorporate hydrological network dependence into insurance design. We model generation through a time-varying upstream-downstream spatial network and estimate it using a two-way fixed-effects SAR-IV-GMM-HAC specification. We then use vine copulas to assess the dependence structure among climatic variables, hydrological conditions, and electricity generation, supporting the use of affluent flow as the insurance trigger. Results reveal significant hydrological propagation across connected plants and indicate that parametric insurance can mitigate drought-related losses. However, feasibility depends on plant-specific trigger design, diversification, reinsurance support, and payout magnitude. Water-storage plants exhibit higher basis risk because of their operational flexibility.","PeriodicalId":21472,"journal":{"name":"Risk Analysis","volume":"46 9","pages":"e70347"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the Sensitivities of Input-Output Methods for Natural Hazard-Induced Power Outage Macroeconomic Impacts. 自然灾害停电宏观经济影响的投入产出方法敏感性评估。

IF 4 3区医学

Risk Analysis Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/risa.70314

Matthew Sprintson, Edward J Oughton

{"title":"Assessing the Sensitivities of Input-Output Methods for Natural Hazard-Induced Power Outage Macroeconomic Impacts.","authors":"Matthew Sprintson, Edward J Oughton","doi":"10.1111/risa.70314","DOIUrl":"10.1111/risa.70314","url":null,"abstract":"Power outages are a substantial global issue across both advanced and developing countries, affecting economic productivity and growth. Consequently, numerous studies have examined the potential macroeconomic impacts of these disruptions, employing a wide variety of modeling methods and data parameterization techniques. A frequent approach is the use of input-output macroeconomic modeling, yet there is a lack of clarity about how ex ante parameterization and other methodological decisions affect output estimates, warranting further investigation. In this paper, we quantify the macroeconomic effects of three significant natural hazard US power outages: Hurricane Ian (2022), the 2021 Texas Blackouts, and Tropical Storm Isaias (2020). Our analysis evaluates the sensitivity of three commonly used data parameterization techniques (household interruptions, kWh lost, and satellite luminosity), along with three static models (Leontief and Ghosh, critical input, and inoperability input-output). We find the mean domestic loss estimates for these three blackout events to be $2.42 Bn, $3.24 Bn, and $2.27 Bn, respectively. However, data parameterization techniques can alter estimated losses by up to 52.8% of the mean. Consistent with the wide range of outputs, we find that risk analysis stemming from gross output estimate severity is highly sensitive to model architecture, data parameterization, and analyst assumptions. Results sensitivity is not uniform across models and arises from important a priori analyst decisions, demonstrated by data parameterization techniques yielding up to 55.9% differences from empircal results within a model. To our knowledge, we contribute to the literature the first systematic comparison of multiple IO models and parameterizations across several natural hazard long-duration power outages, providing guidance and insights for analysts.","PeriodicalId":21472,"journal":{"name":"Risk Analysis","volume":"46 9","pages":"e70314"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13536504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lost in Projection: Uncertainty is Misrepresented in Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessments. 迷失在预测中：不确定性在气候风险和脆弱性评估中被歪曲。

IF 4 3区医学

Risk Analysis Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/risa.70331

Patrick Curran, Kendrick Hardaway, Tom Logan

{"title":"Lost in Projection: Uncertainty is Misrepresented in Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessments.","authors":"Patrick Curran, Kendrick Hardaway, Tom Logan","doi":"10.1111/risa.70331","DOIUrl":"10.1111/risa.70331","url":null,"abstract":"In practice, many climate change risk assessments fail to capture the true depth of uncertainty. Despite widespread scientific recognition of deep uncertainty (large ranges of possibility) in climate conditions, this nuance is often lost in translation to policy and planning contexts; instead, conditions are presented as single projections. This means that communities are making large-scale infrastructure investments and long-term policy commitments based on false precision, leaving them unprepared for climate surprises or potentially wasting resources and disrupting communities unnecessarily by overadapting. To examine how climate uncertainties are represented and accounted for in adaptation planning, we conducted a structured review of 39 climate risk and vulnerability assessments from across the world, using sea level rise as a case study. These documents inform policy that guides billions of dollars in infrastructure investments and shape community preparedness strategies. Our analysis reveals that only 54% of these documents correctly represent sea level rise as deeply uncertain. This issue is compounded when making decisions; 71% of decisions were made by misapplying scenarios as individual projections to plan for, rather than as a tool for exploring potential future conditions, directly contradicting their intended use. This demonstrates a gap between scientific understanding of climate uncertainty and planning practice. Addressing this gap requires improved uncertainty communication, moving beyond just quantifying uncertainty to also characterizing uncertainty. This must be done in conjunction with the support of decision makers to incorporate a stronger understanding of uncertainty into planning by using tools designed specifically for decision making in deeply uncertain environments.","PeriodicalId":21472,"journal":{"name":"Risk Analysis","volume":"46 9","pages":"e70331"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13538798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148881554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Bayesian Model for Estimation of Virus Reduction in Potable Reuse Treatment Trains and Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment of Waterborne Viral Pathogens. 饮用水回用处理系统中病毒减少量的贝叶斯模型及水传播病毒病原体微生物风险定量评估。

IF 4 3区医学

Risk Analysis Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/risa.70343

Jack F Schijven, Peter F M Teunis, Walter Q Betancourt

{"title":"A Bayesian Model for Estimation of Virus Reduction in Potable Reuse Treatment Trains and Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment of Waterborne Viral Pathogens.","authors":"Jack F Schijven, Peter F M Teunis, Walter Q Betancourt","doi":"10.1111/risa.70343","DOIUrl":"10.1111/risa.70343","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding virus occurrence and reduction at advanced treatment facilities for potable water reuse constitutes a high-priority research need to protect human health and to enhance available water supply alternatives. The objectives were to (1) determine log reduction values (LRVs) of 15 viruses by advanced wastewater treatment; (2) evaluate suitability of the final wastewater effluent for potable reuse; (3) evaluate viruses or groups of viruses as indicators of wastewater treatment efficiency. Reduction data of seven human enteric and eight surrogate viruses were obtained from three potable reuse facilities. LRVs were estimated using a Bayesian model that can handle nondetects and identifies groups of viruses with similar LRVs. Quantitative microbial risk assessments were conducted for adenoviruses, enteroviruses, and noroviruses GI and GII. Mean total LRVs ranged from 5.4 to 11 log10. Required mean total LRVs for the four pathogenic viruses ranged from 11.3 to 13.4 log10. Both male-specific and somatic coliphages, detected by classical enumeration of infectious virions, are recommended as indicator viruses. Of the pathogenic viruses, adenovirus was found to be the most effective indicator for virus reduction. At all facilities, infection risks were higher than 10-4 per person per year, implying that the finished water may not comply with existing safety standards. Infection risks may have been overestimated by 2-4 log10 because only a fraction of the detected virus was infectious. Nevertheless, achieved LRVs were still too low and given the uncertainty on infectious virus fraction, one may accept overestimation of risks to stay on the safe side.","PeriodicalId":21472,"journal":{"name":"Risk Analysis","volume":"46 9","pages":"e70343"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148851563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Silver Spoons in Toxic Soups: Predictors of Protective Action in Affluent Neighborhoods near a Contaminated Research Facility. 有毒汤中的银勺：污染研究设施附近富裕社区保护行动的预测因素。

IF 4 3区医学

Risk Analysis Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/risa.70320

Jenna Blyler, Aitor Marcos, Richard John, Leah Tieger, Joseph Árvai

{"title":"Silver Spoons in Toxic Soups: Predictors of Protective Action in Affluent Neighborhoods near a Contaminated Research Facility.","authors":"Jenna Blyler, Aitor Marcos, Richard John, Leah Tieger, Joseph Árvai","doi":"10.1111/risa.70320","DOIUrl":"10.1111/risa.70320","url":null,"abstract":"The Santa Susana Field Laboratory (SSFL) in Ventura County, California, was among the first sites in the United States to conduct aerospace and nuclear research during the Cold War. Over the nearly 60 years it was in operation, several accidents at SSFL resulted in significant contamination of the surrounding environment. As a result, SSFL was designated as a Superfund eligible site in 1989, although not placed on the National Priorities List, and has since been the subject of numerous lawsuits and health investigations. Prior research near the SSFL has identified hazardous contaminants and possible associations with certain health outcomes, yet uncertainty surrounding the health effects of those exposures has persisted for decades. Despite this uncertainty, one characteristic of the SSFL distinguishes it from many other contaminated sites. The communities surrounding the SSFL are substantially wealthier than those typically studied near Superfund sites. This context allowed us to test protection motivation theory (PMT) as well as other predictors such as health anxiety, morbidity, and distance from the site in a population-type that has been understudied in environmental risk research. Findings indicate that (1) autoimmune and endocrine/metabolic conditions were elevated among those living closest; (2) protective action was most strongly predicted by PMT variables, particularly threat appraisal, and (3) health anxiety partially mediated the relationship between morbidity and protective action.","PeriodicalId":21472,"journal":{"name":"Risk Analysis","volume":"46 9","pages":"e70320"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13509049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148819487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Risk Assessment in Peacekeeping: Are Visual Sparse Models Transparent? 维和风险评估：视觉稀疏模型透明吗？

IF 4 3区医学

Risk Analysis Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/risa.70351

Niklas Keller, Uwe Czienskowski, Harald Schaub, Konstantinos V Katsikopoulos

{"title":"Risk Assessment in Peacekeeping: Are Visual Sparse Models Transparent?","authors":"Niklas Keller, Uwe Czienskowski, Harald Schaub, Konstantinos V Katsikopoulos","doi":"10.1111/risa.70351","DOIUrl":"10.1111/risa.70351","url":null,"abstract":"Decision and risk analysis tools must be accurate and transparent. Classification trees, especially sparse ones, and other visual models, such as scorecards or risk tables, have been claimed to strike this balance. There is, however, little empirical evidence for the transparency of such models. We derive relevant hypotheses and test them in a controlled laboratory experiment with an ecologically valid, high-risk, critical task: threat classification in peacekeeping. Three classification models are studied: a complete tree, a sparse (specifically, fast-and-frugal) tree, and a risk table. To focus on transparency, all three models make identical classifications and thus have equal accuracy. We assess and score three aspects of transparency for each model: time required to learn to a strict criterion, accuracy of application under time pressure, and accuracy in a delayed surprise memory recall test. In a between-participants design, the fast-and-frugal tree is learned more quickly, applied more accurately, and recalled more accurately than the complete tree and the risk table; all statistical effect sizes are large. The recall accuracy of the fast-and-frugal tree is, in contrast to the other two models, robust to individual differences in statistical numeracy and risk literacy. In sum, the results of the experiment, together with reflection on limitations and challenges, plus theoretical arguments, suggest that sparse trees might serve as a reasonable benchmark and starting point for designing transparent support for risk assessment.","PeriodicalId":21472,"journal":{"name":"Risk Analysis","volume":"46 9","pages":"e70351"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13539474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148881511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How IoT Enables the Protective Action Decision Model (PADM) During a Wildfire Event. 物联网如何在野火事件中实现保护行动决策模型（PADM）。

IF 4 3区医学

Risk Analysis Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/risa.70319

Benjamin Y Clark, Shahinur Bashar

引用次数: 0

Risk Assessment Models for Heated Tobacco Products. 加热烟草制品的风险评估模型。

IF 4 3区医学

Risk Analysis Pub Date : 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1111/risa.70317

Lucia Maddalena, Beril Yildiz, Francesca Del Vecchio Blanco, Mario Rosario Guarracino

{"title":"Risk Assessment Models for Heated Tobacco Products.","authors":"Lucia Maddalena, Beril Yildiz, Francesca Del Vecchio Blanco, Mario Rosario Guarracino","doi":"10.1111/risa.70317","DOIUrl":"10.1111/risa.70317","url":null,"abstract":"Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are marketed as alternatives to conventional cigarettes with a potential reduced risk profile. Yet, their actual impact on cancer and noncancer disease risk remains uncertain and requires rigorous quantitative assessment. In this study, we develop a unified and transparent computational framework for toxicological risk assessment of HTPs, integrating chemical emissions data with compound-specific toxicological thresholds derived from regulatory agencies. Our work (i) systematically reviews and harmonizes existing risk models used in the literature, (ii) formulates generalizable mathematical models for estimating lifetime cancer risk, hazard quotients, and margins of exposure that account for population demographics, smoking habits, and compound characteristics, and (iii) validates these models by reproducing published results and exploring the sensitivity of risk estimates to model parameters and emission sources. Using emissions data from conventional cigarettes and HTPs, we quantify per-compound and aggregated cancer and noncancer risks, and evaluate the relative risk reduction associated with switching from cigarettes to HTPs. The proposed risk analysis models provide a reproducible, extensible, and transparent approach for computational toxicology assessment, and can be readily applied to emerging nicotine and tobacco products within harm-reduction evaluation paradigms.","PeriodicalId":21472,"journal":{"name":"Risk Analysis","volume":"46 8","pages":"e70317"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13424971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148631191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0