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The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy最新文献

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Institution Building for Industrialization 工业化制度建设
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.51
J. Sutton
{"title":"Institution Building for Industrialization","authors":"J. Sutton","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.51","url":null,"abstract":"The process of relationship building by way of continued contact with incoming firms at both the pre-operational stage and the early years of operation lies at the heart of international best practice for investment agencies. This chapter describes and evaluates the relationship-building programme initiated in 2013 at the then Ethiopian Investment Agency. The programme’s basic structures, practices, and procedures were put in place during 2013–14. Following the proclamation of June 2014, the Agency became a Commission, and new structures and responsibilities followed. With the appointment of the new deputy commissioners, and since then, the practices and procedures of the relationship-building team have evolved in ways that have led to a substantial improvement in its effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129415209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Financial Balances and the Development of the Ethiopian Economy 财政平衡与埃塞俄比亚经济的发展
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.12
K. Coutts, Christina Laskaridis
{"title":"Financial Balances and the Development of the Ethiopian Economy","authors":"K. Coutts, Christina Laskaridis","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.12","url":null,"abstract":"To explore the interrelationships between government fiscal decisions, external trade, and the savings and investment decisions of domestic firms and individuals, this chapter constructs a consistent set of financial balances between the private sector, the public sector, and the balance of payments on current account. While naturally arising out of national accounts data, the financial balances are not routinely available for Ethiopia. This chapter introduces new estimates and uses them to assess the public-sector-led investment in infrastructure and high growth rate achieved over the past decade, the prospects for sustained growth, and the implications for Ethiopia’s debt profile over the coming decade.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130093365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Building an Industrial Workforce in Ethiopia 在埃塞俄比亚建立工业劳动力
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.33
Carlos Oya
{"title":"Building an Industrial Workforce in Ethiopia","authors":"Carlos Oya","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.33","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides an overview of the factors and dynamics involved in the creation and formation of an industrial workforce in an agrarian-based economy. The main argument is that the process of building an industrial working class is uneven, protracted, and requires interventions and important economic and social shifts over long periods of time. Historical lessons of early and late industrializers are highly relevant for contemporary Ethiopia as it seems that history does repeat itself in some ways. The chapter focuses on a number of structural obstacles to the process of building an industrial workforce, particularly: addressing socio-cultural barriers and the problem of ‘work cultures’ and work ethic; sourcing workers, managing and especially housing migrant labour; scarcity of employable skills (including soft skills); mismatch in expectations between employers and workers, largely related to wage-setting mechanisms, non-wage conditions, and labour productivity.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126946040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Financing Ethiopia’s Development 为埃塞俄比亚的发展融资
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.7
Mekonnen Manyazewal
{"title":"Financing Ethiopia’s Development","authors":"Mekonnen Manyazewal","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.7","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years Ethiopia has captured headlines for the impressive social and economic progress and for government commitment to and ownership of the development process. Domestic and external resources have been mobilized and channelled to the priority projects identified in the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP). Despite these efforts, the gap between domestic saving and investment has been growing, requiring additional resources to finance the resource gap. Foreign resources play an important role in financing investment in Ethiopia, creating dependence on unpredictable financing, and this chapter underlines three points: (a) the strategic significance of mobilizing domestic resources to finance essential public services and investment programmes; (b) the need to explore new financing instruments to finance strategically defined investment programmes; and (c) the need to continue industrialization and diversification, and increase export earnings to resolve the foreign exchange constraint threatening to derail Ethiopia’s desire to become a middle-income country by 2025.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121801762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Federalism in Ethiopia’s Transformation 埃塞俄比亚转型中的联邦制
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.3
K. Mengisteab
{"title":"Federalism in Ethiopia’s Transformation","authors":"K. Mengisteab","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.3","url":null,"abstract":"Two highly controversial features characterize Ethiopia’s federal system. One is that the federal entities are drawn largely on ethno-linguistic lines. The second is that the arrangement grants the right to self-determination up to secession to nations and nationalities. Critics claim that the arrangement divides the country along ethnic lines and jeopardizes its unity by politicizing ethnicity. Supporters, on the other hand, contend that the arrangement unifies the country by granting ethnic identities protection against marginalization and thereby mitigating ethnically based insurgencies. Despite the controversies, the country has recorded impressive progress in areas of broad socio-economic development. It has also reduced political violence. However, the principal goal of the federal arrangement, which is to bring about a peaceful process of nation building, remains a major challenge. This chapter’s principal objective is to examine why the process of nation building remains fragile.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127680522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Light Manufacturing in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚的轻工业
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.35
C. Staritz, Lindsay Whitfield
{"title":"Light Manufacturing in Ethiopia","authors":"C. Staritz, Lindsay Whitfield","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.35","url":null,"abstract":"The apparel export industry in Ethiopia has increased significantly since the 2000s. Apparel exports emerged due to low labour costs and preferential trade agreements with the United States and European Union, but more importantly to proactive government industrial policies and the decisions of US and EU buyers and core suppliers to invest in or source from Ethiopia. Foreign direct investment has played an important role in the growth of the apparel export industry, but there exist also locally owned export firms. Sector-specific industrial policies are divided into three phases: incentivizing local investment in apparel exporting; addressing constraints facing local export firms and attracting foreign direct investment; and promoting foreign and local investment within specialized industrial parks. This chapter provides an overview of the development of the apparel export sector in Ethiopia, highlighting the role of industrial policy and the performance of locally owned firms given their importance in economic transformation.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122960345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Three Sectoral Policies in Ethiopia’s Structural Transformation 埃塞俄比亚结构转型中的三个部门政策
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.46
Carlos Lopes
{"title":"Three Sectoral Policies in Ethiopia’s Structural Transformation","authors":"Carlos Lopes","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.46","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia’s stellar growth performance, guided by amicable development planning, has created a common and shared agenda for economic transformation that has fostered better social outcomes in poverty, universal education, child health, and combating AIDS. This chapter attempts to explore the interest and fascination surrounding the Ethiopian development path, beginning with a consideration of the policy innovations that underpin the experience. It identifies the similarities that connect lessons from three disparate sectoral perspectives—industrialization, social protection/food security, and the success story of Ethiopian Airlines—underlining the pivotal role of coherence, ambition, and innovation in Ethiopia’s development trajectory. Central to these characteristics is the notion that structural transformation is an aggregate of socio-economic sector successes and its potential replicability by other African countries.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124153587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Agriculture’s Changing Role in Ethiopia’s Economic Transformation 农业在埃塞俄比亚经济转型中的作用变化
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.30
S. Dercon, D. Gollin
{"title":"Agriculture’s Changing Role in Ethiopia’s Economic Transformation","authors":"S. Dercon, D. Gollin","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.30","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the role agriculture has played in growth and economic transformation in Ethiopia since the 1990s. Ethiopia’s dominant development strategy narrative since the 1990s has been Agricultural Development-Industrialization (ADLI), which takes its inspiration from dual-economy models of linkages between sectors. We use the theoretical perspectives of these models and of ADLI to discuss progress in growth and poverty in this period. We find that ADLI offered a plausible and seemingly successful strategy for Ethiopia at an earlier stage of its growth and transformation, but it has serious limitations. In more recent years there appears to have been more emphasis on urban and industrial growth and this may also have the potential to boost value added and labour productivity in agriculture—reversing the sectoral dynamics of the ADLI approach. Looking forward, we posit that to make further progress in agriculture, there is a need to acknowledge and facilitate the transmission of urban and international demand, thereby encouraging higher-value crops and higher value addition.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115193042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The Private Sector in Ethiopia’s Transformation 埃塞俄比亚转型中的私营部门
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.34
M. Gebreyesus
{"title":"The Private Sector in Ethiopia’s Transformation","authors":"M. Gebreyesus","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.34","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines private-sector development in Ethiopia, focusing on the situation since the incumbent government took power in 1991 and private-sector development became an integral part of Ethiopia’s economic development strategy. Several private entrepreneurs and enterprises have emerged since the reform and are now playing a critical role in the economic development of the country. However, the private sector has not yet made strong inroads into the manufacturing sector and the export market, which are perceived as crucial for industrialization and structural transformation. This chapter thus also seeks to highlight the key constraints impeding private-sector participation in these sectors and to suggest pathways to resolve these challenges.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131242622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Changes in Child Under-Nutrition in Ethiopia, 2000–16 2000 - 2016年埃塞俄比亚儿童营养不良的变化
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.21
Jenna Golan, D. Headey, Kalle Hirvonen, J. Hoddinott
{"title":"Changes in Child Under-Nutrition in Ethiopia, 2000–16","authors":"Jenna Golan, D. Headey, Kalle Hirvonen, J. Hoddinott","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.21","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1980s and 1990s Ethiopia was synonymous with famine and had one of the highest rates of chronic child under-nutrition in the world. From around the turn of the millennium, however, anthropometric measures of nutrition have improved substantially. Among children 0–5 years, the prevalence of stunting—a measure of chronic under-nutrition—fell from 58 per cent in 2000 to 38 per cent in 2016. In this chapter, we carefully document how stunting rates have changed by gender, and across space and wealth strata. We then use insights from the nutrition literature to understand the possible underlying drivers of this rapid reduction in stunting prevalence. This analysis suggests that the fall in stunting over this period was driven by improvements in exclusive breastfeeding practices. Meanwhile, poor maternal health during pregnancy, and poor dietary diversity during complementary feeding remain significant risk factors for stunting.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127199944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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