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The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy最新文献

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Performance and Institutions of the Ethiopian Coffee Sector 埃塞俄比亚咖啡行业的业绩和制度
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.26
T. K. Worako, B. Minten, F. Schäfer
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引用次数: 0
Ethiopia’s Transition from a Traditional to a Developing Economy, 1890s–1960s 埃塞俄比亚从传统经济体向发展中经济体的转型，19世纪90年代至60年代
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.1
B. Shiferaw
{"title":"Ethiopia’s Transition from a Traditional to a Developing Economy, 1890s–1960s","authors":"B. Shiferaw","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.1","url":null,"abstract":"At the end of the nineteenth century, Ethiopia had a traditional economy dependent on ox-plough agriculture and crafts. Goods and services were exchanged through the barter system. This changed from the 1890s onwards with modern innovations such as the railway, telephone and telegraph, banking, and a national currency. In the first four decades of the twentieth century, import/export trade expanded, elementary education spread, new towns emerged, and manufacturing enterprises were born. Italian occupation of the country (1936–41) helped push forward the monetization of the economy. In the three decades after liberation (1940s–1960s), advances were made in the development of the services, manufacturing, and financial sectors. Basic education was expanded, and the government adopted a series of development plans to guide the process of economic and social development. The principle of disciplined state planning to transform the economy has continued under the EPRDF although the task remains incomplete.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117264169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Education and Economic Development in Ethiopia, 1991–2017 1991-2017年埃塞俄比亚教育与经济发展
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.23
Zinabu Samaro Rekiso
{"title":"Education and Economic Development in Ethiopia, 1991–2017","authors":"Zinabu Samaro Rekiso","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.23","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter critically examines the major achievements and challenges of the education sector in Ethiopia between 1991 and 2017 from the perspective of long-term economic development and structural transformation. The chapter finds that Ethiopia has achieved enormous success in terms of increasing access to all levels of education throughout the country but the achievement has been at the cost of a vicious cycle of low education quality. In addition, the chapter argues that failure to significantly change the productive structure of the economy has resulted in persistently high levels of unemployment, underemployment, and brain drain of the better-educated human resources of the country. The chapter concludes that there is a need for synergistic, dynamic, context-specific, and comprehensive policies and strategies aimed at progressively moving the Ethiopian economy away from its current specialization in nature-intensive, low-skill, low-knowledge, low-technology economic activities towards ‘mind-intensive’, higher-skill, and technology-intensive economic activities.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123929891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
The Legal Framework for the Protection of Foreign Direct Investment in Ethiopia 保护埃塞俄比亚外国直接投资的法律框架
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.37
W. Kidane
{"title":"The Legal Framework for the Protection of Foreign Direct Investment in Ethiopia","authors":"W. Kidane","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.37","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, Ethiopia’s near-perpetual independent existence has uniquely permitted latitude to shape policy and legal frameworks for the admission, protection, and management of foreign direct investment (FDI). The contemporary legal framework is a product of many external influences. International investment law principles have been part of Ethiopia’s investment law since 1903, when Ethiopia signed the Treaty of Amity and Commerce with the United States. This treaty contained some modern notions of international. Following military rule (1974–91), during which all domestic and international principles of fairness and equity were abrogated, Ethiopia attempted to build a new legal framework for the ordering of FDI. The existing framework is composed of evolving domestic legislation and an increasing number of international bilateral and regional investment treaties. This corpus of law is also equipped with institutional enforcement mechanisms. This chapter provides an overview and critique of existing rules and institutions.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130463206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Industrial Policy and Late Industrialization in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚的产业政策与后期工业化
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.31
Arkebe Oqubay
{"title":"Industrial Policy and Late Industrialization in Ethiopia","authors":"Arkebe Oqubay","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198814986.013.31","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia has emerged as one of the fastest-growing economies in Africa in the early twenty-first century. Despite rapid growth, structural transformation of the economy remains the country’s central challenge. This chapter reviews the origins of Ethiopia’s industrialization and industrial policymaking process in the twentieth century. The Ethiopian government has pursued developmentalism and practised an active industrial policy since the early 2000s. However, a review of industrial policies in priority sectors shows that the outcome has been uneven across sectors, indicating the importance of the interaction between industrial structure, linkage dynamics, and politics/political economy for the evolution and effectiveness of an industrial policy. After examining the fundamental weakness in Ethiopia’s economic structure, this chapter illustrates why and how industrial policy must focus on manufacturing and exports to generate structural transformation and accelerate catch-up. The Ethiopian experience shows that an activist industrial policy goes hand in hand with an activist state.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"2011 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127374418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Agricultural Markets in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚的农业市场
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.28
B. Minten, T. Reardon, Seneshaw Tamru
{"title":"Agricultural Markets in Ethiopia","authors":"B. Minten, T. Reardon, Seneshaw Tamru","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.28","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia’s agricultural markets are quickly evolving, driven by major contextual changes including high population growth, rapid urbanization, major infrastructure investments, income growth, diet change, and policy reform. Agricultural supply chains are rapidly growing, and they are an increasing source of employment in the country. Agricultural markets are found to be better integrated and marketing margins and seasonal price amplitudes to have become smaller over time, but we also see an increase in prices of nutritious high-value foods, and this is in contrast to staple cereal prices. Although food imports and the number of food aid beneficiaries have not reduced over time, Ethiopia remained a net agricultural exporter, in value terms, for all but one year in the decade before this study, illustrating at the national level the relatively good performance of the agricultural sector.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125462517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Growth, Poverty, and Distribution in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚的增长、贫困和分配
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.18
A. Shimeles
{"title":"Growth, Poverty, and Distribution in Ethiopia","authors":"A. Shimeles","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.18","url":null,"abstract":"The Ethiopian economy has maintained a rate of growth in output per worker for twenty years, averaging 6 per cent in real terms. As a result, per capita GDP during this period has doubled, the poverty rate has declined, and productivity in agriculture has improved. However, the country still grapples with rising youth unemployment and widespread poverty mediated by rapid population growth. This chapter examines the interactions between growth, poverty, and inequality by examining features of the Ethiopian labour market. The dynamics of poverty are discussed from the perspective of stylized facts on its components, including the persistence of poverty over time and the role of initial conditions in facilitating or impeding poverty reduction. The chapter investigates the potential role of changes in the sectoral share of employment on poverty and inequality under various policy settings.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123715397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Rural–Urban Linkages in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚的城乡联系
The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy Pub Date : 2019-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.39
Tadele Ferede, B. File
{"title":"Rural–Urban Linkages in Ethiopia","authors":"Tadele Ferede, B. File","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198814986.013.39","url":null,"abstract":"Rural and urban areas are linked by the reciprocal exchange of unprocessed and processed products and services. The main thrust of this chapter is to quantify the extent of rural–urban linkages by demand and production-based characteristics, using a social accounting matrix (SAM) framework and temporal changes in household consumption. The scale of the links between agriculture and non-agricultural activities, especially manufacturing, appears to be weak despite rapid economic growth over the last couple of decades. The spatial aspects of rural–urban linkages indicates that small towns appear to have strong linkages with rural areas compared to big cities and towns, as small towns have locational advantage. Changes in household demand also affect rural–urban linkages. The future of rural transformation can be shaped by targeted investments in small urban areas and this has the potential to speed up rural transformation.","PeriodicalId":214649,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126709735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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